connected outdoor lighting systems for municipalities · salc september 14-17, 2014 nashville, tn...

67
SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer Pacific Northwest National Lab

Upload: others

Post on 12-Mar-2020

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

A networked outdoor lighting control system

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Basic capabilities

bull Asset management bull Remote monitoring bull Reporting maintenance bull Basic lighting control bull Adaptive lighting

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 4

Some emerging capabilities

bull Small Cells ATT Verizon Leases bull Parking Availability Parking Location Provider Fees bull Parking Metering Parking Fines bull Interactive LCD Billboards Retail Advertising Fees bull Weather Reporting Weather Service Fees bull Air Quality Reporting Industrial Offender Fines bull Illegal Dumping Detection Dumping Fines

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 5

Key market adoption issues

bull Market and user maturity bull Upfront cost andor payback time bull Monetizing Energy Savings bull Quantifiable value propositions bull Game changers

ndash Managing modularity vs integration ndash Interoperability ndash Future city visions interdepartmental or municipal-utility collaboration

models business models ndash New value propositions revenue opportunities

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 6

IES Street and Area Lighting Conference

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

What to Look for Today in Control Systems

Learning Objectives

1 Better understand some key differences in the technology building blocks that comprise market-available outdoor lighting control systems

2 Better understand how those key differences relate to system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment

3 Be able to formulate questions to ask when evaluating a market-available system that donrsquot require a complete understanding of the technology building blocks but effectively uncover how they relate to user needs and concerns (ie system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment)

Not on this agenda common features value propositions barriers to adoption conflicts of interest

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Field devices the entire set of networked Components (hardware and embedded software consisting of Controllers and possibly Gateways) installed in the field that following installation start-up and commissioning function together to adaptively control and remotely monitor Luminaires

bull Central Management System a computer environment that functions as the core of the System by providing all shared System services and consolidating and storing (or managing the storage of) all System data

bull Network (from IES TM-23-11) a group of systems that functioncooperatively andor interdependently to provide a chain of command for lighting control

bull Field Device Network typically a Local Area Network (LAN) that connectsand enables communication between (exclusively) Field Devices

bull Backhaul Network typically a Wide Area Network (WAN) that connectsand facilitates communication between (at a minimum) one or more Field Device networks with a Central Management System

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Controller (from IES TM-23-11) the device that originates a command toexecute a lighting change Most commonly associated with a lightingcontrol station or control console a controller may also be a sensor orother automatic device operating without human interaction

ndash Physically monitors and controls Luminaires installed at Control Points ndash Reacts and responds to logical and physical inputs ndash Makes control decisions using internal algorithmic and logic functions ndash Communicates via a network protocol

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Gateway (from IES TM-23-11) a device designed for interfacing between two communication networks that use different protocols such as BACnetto DALI or DMX512 to 0-10VDC A Gateway may contain devices such asprotocol translators impedance matching devices rate converters faultisolators or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability

ndash Serves (at a minimum) as the interface between one or more FieldDevices and a Central Management System

ndash Aggregates data packets and connects to an external network ndash Typically translates from a wireless Field Device protocol to a

standardized Wide Area Network (WAN) protocol such as WiFi (ie IEEE 80211xx) Ethernet (ie IEEE 8023) or LTE Cellular (ie 3GPP Release 8)

ndash Sometimes referred to as a ldquoBorder Routerrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Leaf transmitsreceives messages bull Router generates and forwards

(repeats) adjacent nodersquos packets bull Border Router see Gateway

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 2: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

A networked outdoor lighting control system

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Basic capabilities

bull Asset management bull Remote monitoring bull Reporting maintenance bull Basic lighting control bull Adaptive lighting

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 4

Some emerging capabilities

bull Small Cells ATT Verizon Leases bull Parking Availability Parking Location Provider Fees bull Parking Metering Parking Fines bull Interactive LCD Billboards Retail Advertising Fees bull Weather Reporting Weather Service Fees bull Air Quality Reporting Industrial Offender Fines bull Illegal Dumping Detection Dumping Fines

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 5

Key market adoption issues

bull Market and user maturity bull Upfront cost andor payback time bull Monetizing Energy Savings bull Quantifiable value propositions bull Game changers

ndash Managing modularity vs integration ndash Interoperability ndash Future city visions interdepartmental or municipal-utility collaboration

models business models ndash New value propositions revenue opportunities

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 6

IES Street and Area Lighting Conference

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

What to Look for Today in Control Systems

Learning Objectives

1 Better understand some key differences in the technology building blocks that comprise market-available outdoor lighting control systems

2 Better understand how those key differences relate to system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment

3 Be able to formulate questions to ask when evaluating a market-available system that donrsquot require a complete understanding of the technology building blocks but effectively uncover how they relate to user needs and concerns (ie system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment)

Not on this agenda common features value propositions barriers to adoption conflicts of interest

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Field devices the entire set of networked Components (hardware and embedded software consisting of Controllers and possibly Gateways) installed in the field that following installation start-up and commissioning function together to adaptively control and remotely monitor Luminaires

bull Central Management System a computer environment that functions as the core of the System by providing all shared System services and consolidating and storing (or managing the storage of) all System data

bull Network (from IES TM-23-11) a group of systems that functioncooperatively andor interdependently to provide a chain of command for lighting control

bull Field Device Network typically a Local Area Network (LAN) that connectsand enables communication between (exclusively) Field Devices

bull Backhaul Network typically a Wide Area Network (WAN) that connectsand facilitates communication between (at a minimum) one or more Field Device networks with a Central Management System

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Controller (from IES TM-23-11) the device that originates a command toexecute a lighting change Most commonly associated with a lightingcontrol station or control console a controller may also be a sensor orother automatic device operating without human interaction

ndash Physically monitors and controls Luminaires installed at Control Points ndash Reacts and responds to logical and physical inputs ndash Makes control decisions using internal algorithmic and logic functions ndash Communicates via a network protocol

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Gateway (from IES TM-23-11) a device designed for interfacing between two communication networks that use different protocols such as BACnetto DALI or DMX512 to 0-10VDC A Gateway may contain devices such asprotocol translators impedance matching devices rate converters faultisolators or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability

ndash Serves (at a minimum) as the interface between one or more FieldDevices and a Central Management System

ndash Aggregates data packets and connects to an external network ndash Typically translates from a wireless Field Device protocol to a

standardized Wide Area Network (WAN) protocol such as WiFi (ie IEEE 80211xx) Ethernet (ie IEEE 8023) or LTE Cellular (ie 3GPP Release 8)

ndash Sometimes referred to as a ldquoBorder Routerrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Leaf transmitsreceives messages bull Router generates and forwards

(repeats) adjacent nodersquos packets bull Border Router see Gateway

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 3: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

A networked outdoor lighting control system

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Basic capabilities

bull Asset management bull Remote monitoring bull Reporting maintenance bull Basic lighting control bull Adaptive lighting

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 4

Some emerging capabilities

bull Small Cells ATT Verizon Leases bull Parking Availability Parking Location Provider Fees bull Parking Metering Parking Fines bull Interactive LCD Billboards Retail Advertising Fees bull Weather Reporting Weather Service Fees bull Air Quality Reporting Industrial Offender Fines bull Illegal Dumping Detection Dumping Fines

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 5

Key market adoption issues

bull Market and user maturity bull Upfront cost andor payback time bull Monetizing Energy Savings bull Quantifiable value propositions bull Game changers

ndash Managing modularity vs integration ndash Interoperability ndash Future city visions interdepartmental or municipal-utility collaboration

models business models ndash New value propositions revenue opportunities

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 6

IES Street and Area Lighting Conference

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

What to Look for Today in Control Systems

Learning Objectives

1 Better understand some key differences in the technology building blocks that comprise market-available outdoor lighting control systems

2 Better understand how those key differences relate to system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment

3 Be able to formulate questions to ask when evaluating a market-available system that donrsquot require a complete understanding of the technology building blocks but effectively uncover how they relate to user needs and concerns (ie system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment)

Not on this agenda common features value propositions barriers to adoption conflicts of interest

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Field devices the entire set of networked Components (hardware and embedded software consisting of Controllers and possibly Gateways) installed in the field that following installation start-up and commissioning function together to adaptively control and remotely monitor Luminaires

bull Central Management System a computer environment that functions as the core of the System by providing all shared System services and consolidating and storing (or managing the storage of) all System data

bull Network (from IES TM-23-11) a group of systems that functioncooperatively andor interdependently to provide a chain of command for lighting control

bull Field Device Network typically a Local Area Network (LAN) that connectsand enables communication between (exclusively) Field Devices

bull Backhaul Network typically a Wide Area Network (WAN) that connectsand facilitates communication between (at a minimum) one or more Field Device networks with a Central Management System

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Controller (from IES TM-23-11) the device that originates a command toexecute a lighting change Most commonly associated with a lightingcontrol station or control console a controller may also be a sensor orother automatic device operating without human interaction

ndash Physically monitors and controls Luminaires installed at Control Points ndash Reacts and responds to logical and physical inputs ndash Makes control decisions using internal algorithmic and logic functions ndash Communicates via a network protocol

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Gateway (from IES TM-23-11) a device designed for interfacing between two communication networks that use different protocols such as BACnetto DALI or DMX512 to 0-10VDC A Gateway may contain devices such asprotocol translators impedance matching devices rate converters faultisolators or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability

ndash Serves (at a minimum) as the interface between one or more FieldDevices and a Central Management System

ndash Aggregates data packets and connects to an external network ndash Typically translates from a wireless Field Device protocol to a

standardized Wide Area Network (WAN) protocol such as WiFi (ie IEEE 80211xx) Ethernet (ie IEEE 8023) or LTE Cellular (ie 3GPP Release 8)

ndash Sometimes referred to as a ldquoBorder Routerrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Leaf transmitsreceives messages bull Router generates and forwards

(repeats) adjacent nodersquos packets bull Border Router see Gateway

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 4: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Basic capabilities

bull Asset management bull Remote monitoring bull Reporting maintenance bull Basic lighting control bull Adaptive lighting

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 4

Some emerging capabilities

bull Small Cells ATT Verizon Leases bull Parking Availability Parking Location Provider Fees bull Parking Metering Parking Fines bull Interactive LCD Billboards Retail Advertising Fees bull Weather Reporting Weather Service Fees bull Air Quality Reporting Industrial Offender Fines bull Illegal Dumping Detection Dumping Fines

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 5

Key market adoption issues

bull Market and user maturity bull Upfront cost andor payback time bull Monetizing Energy Savings bull Quantifiable value propositions bull Game changers

ndash Managing modularity vs integration ndash Interoperability ndash Future city visions interdepartmental or municipal-utility collaboration

models business models ndash New value propositions revenue opportunities

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 6

IES Street and Area Lighting Conference

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

What to Look for Today in Control Systems

Learning Objectives

1 Better understand some key differences in the technology building blocks that comprise market-available outdoor lighting control systems

2 Better understand how those key differences relate to system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment

3 Be able to formulate questions to ask when evaluating a market-available system that donrsquot require a complete understanding of the technology building blocks but effectively uncover how they relate to user needs and concerns (ie system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment)

Not on this agenda common features value propositions barriers to adoption conflicts of interest

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Field devices the entire set of networked Components (hardware and embedded software consisting of Controllers and possibly Gateways) installed in the field that following installation start-up and commissioning function together to adaptively control and remotely monitor Luminaires

bull Central Management System a computer environment that functions as the core of the System by providing all shared System services and consolidating and storing (or managing the storage of) all System data

bull Network (from IES TM-23-11) a group of systems that functioncooperatively andor interdependently to provide a chain of command for lighting control

bull Field Device Network typically a Local Area Network (LAN) that connectsand enables communication between (exclusively) Field Devices

bull Backhaul Network typically a Wide Area Network (WAN) that connectsand facilitates communication between (at a minimum) one or more Field Device networks with a Central Management System

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Controller (from IES TM-23-11) the device that originates a command toexecute a lighting change Most commonly associated with a lightingcontrol station or control console a controller may also be a sensor orother automatic device operating without human interaction

ndash Physically monitors and controls Luminaires installed at Control Points ndash Reacts and responds to logical and physical inputs ndash Makes control decisions using internal algorithmic and logic functions ndash Communicates via a network protocol

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Gateway (from IES TM-23-11) a device designed for interfacing between two communication networks that use different protocols such as BACnetto DALI or DMX512 to 0-10VDC A Gateway may contain devices such asprotocol translators impedance matching devices rate converters faultisolators or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability

ndash Serves (at a minimum) as the interface between one or more FieldDevices and a Central Management System

ndash Aggregates data packets and connects to an external network ndash Typically translates from a wireless Field Device protocol to a

standardized Wide Area Network (WAN) protocol such as WiFi (ie IEEE 80211xx) Ethernet (ie IEEE 8023) or LTE Cellular (ie 3GPP Release 8)

ndash Sometimes referred to as a ldquoBorder Routerrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Leaf transmitsreceives messages bull Router generates and forwards

(repeats) adjacent nodersquos packets bull Border Router see Gateway

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 5: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Some emerging capabilities

bull Small Cells ATT Verizon Leases bull Parking Availability Parking Location Provider Fees bull Parking Metering Parking Fines bull Interactive LCD Billboards Retail Advertising Fees bull Weather Reporting Weather Service Fees bull Air Quality Reporting Industrial Offender Fines bull Illegal Dumping Detection Dumping Fines

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 5

Key market adoption issues

bull Market and user maturity bull Upfront cost andor payback time bull Monetizing Energy Savings bull Quantifiable value propositions bull Game changers

ndash Managing modularity vs integration ndash Interoperability ndash Future city visions interdepartmental or municipal-utility collaboration

models business models ndash New value propositions revenue opportunities

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 6

IES Street and Area Lighting Conference

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

What to Look for Today in Control Systems

Learning Objectives

1 Better understand some key differences in the technology building blocks that comprise market-available outdoor lighting control systems

2 Better understand how those key differences relate to system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment

3 Be able to formulate questions to ask when evaluating a market-available system that donrsquot require a complete understanding of the technology building blocks but effectively uncover how they relate to user needs and concerns (ie system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment)

Not on this agenda common features value propositions barriers to adoption conflicts of interest

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Field devices the entire set of networked Components (hardware and embedded software consisting of Controllers and possibly Gateways) installed in the field that following installation start-up and commissioning function together to adaptively control and remotely monitor Luminaires

bull Central Management System a computer environment that functions as the core of the System by providing all shared System services and consolidating and storing (or managing the storage of) all System data

bull Network (from IES TM-23-11) a group of systems that functioncooperatively andor interdependently to provide a chain of command for lighting control

bull Field Device Network typically a Local Area Network (LAN) that connectsand enables communication between (exclusively) Field Devices

bull Backhaul Network typically a Wide Area Network (WAN) that connectsand facilitates communication between (at a minimum) one or more Field Device networks with a Central Management System

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Controller (from IES TM-23-11) the device that originates a command toexecute a lighting change Most commonly associated with a lightingcontrol station or control console a controller may also be a sensor orother automatic device operating without human interaction

ndash Physically monitors and controls Luminaires installed at Control Points ndash Reacts and responds to logical and physical inputs ndash Makes control decisions using internal algorithmic and logic functions ndash Communicates via a network protocol

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Gateway (from IES TM-23-11) a device designed for interfacing between two communication networks that use different protocols such as BACnetto DALI or DMX512 to 0-10VDC A Gateway may contain devices such asprotocol translators impedance matching devices rate converters faultisolators or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability

ndash Serves (at a minimum) as the interface between one or more FieldDevices and a Central Management System

ndash Aggregates data packets and connects to an external network ndash Typically translates from a wireless Field Device protocol to a

standardized Wide Area Network (WAN) protocol such as WiFi (ie IEEE 80211xx) Ethernet (ie IEEE 8023) or LTE Cellular (ie 3GPP Release 8)

ndash Sometimes referred to as a ldquoBorder Routerrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Leaf transmitsreceives messages bull Router generates and forwards

(repeats) adjacent nodersquos packets bull Border Router see Gateway

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 6: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Key market adoption issues

bull Market and user maturity bull Upfront cost andor payback time bull Monetizing Energy Savings bull Quantifiable value propositions bull Game changers

ndash Managing modularity vs integration ndash Interoperability ndash Future city visions interdepartmental or municipal-utility collaboration

models business models ndash New value propositions revenue opportunities

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN 6

IES Street and Area Lighting Conference

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

What to Look for Today in Control Systems

Learning Objectives

1 Better understand some key differences in the technology building blocks that comprise market-available outdoor lighting control systems

2 Better understand how those key differences relate to system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment

3 Be able to formulate questions to ask when evaluating a market-available system that donrsquot require a complete understanding of the technology building blocks but effectively uncover how they relate to user needs and concerns (ie system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment)

Not on this agenda common features value propositions barriers to adoption conflicts of interest

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Field devices the entire set of networked Components (hardware and embedded software consisting of Controllers and possibly Gateways) installed in the field that following installation start-up and commissioning function together to adaptively control and remotely monitor Luminaires

bull Central Management System a computer environment that functions as the core of the System by providing all shared System services and consolidating and storing (or managing the storage of) all System data

bull Network (from IES TM-23-11) a group of systems that functioncooperatively andor interdependently to provide a chain of command for lighting control

bull Field Device Network typically a Local Area Network (LAN) that connectsand enables communication between (exclusively) Field Devices

bull Backhaul Network typically a Wide Area Network (WAN) that connectsand facilitates communication between (at a minimum) one or more Field Device networks with a Central Management System

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Controller (from IES TM-23-11) the device that originates a command toexecute a lighting change Most commonly associated with a lightingcontrol station or control console a controller may also be a sensor orother automatic device operating without human interaction

ndash Physically monitors and controls Luminaires installed at Control Points ndash Reacts and responds to logical and physical inputs ndash Makes control decisions using internal algorithmic and logic functions ndash Communicates via a network protocol

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Gateway (from IES TM-23-11) a device designed for interfacing between two communication networks that use different protocols such as BACnetto DALI or DMX512 to 0-10VDC A Gateway may contain devices such asprotocol translators impedance matching devices rate converters faultisolators or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability

ndash Serves (at a minimum) as the interface between one or more FieldDevices and a Central Management System

ndash Aggregates data packets and connects to an external network ndash Typically translates from a wireless Field Device protocol to a

standardized Wide Area Network (WAN) protocol such as WiFi (ie IEEE 80211xx) Ethernet (ie IEEE 8023) or LTE Cellular (ie 3GPP Release 8)

ndash Sometimes referred to as a ldquoBorder Routerrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Leaf transmitsreceives messages bull Router generates and forwards

(repeats) adjacent nodersquos packets bull Border Router see Gateway

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 7: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

IES Street and Area Lighting Conference

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

What to Look for Today in Control Systems

Learning Objectives

1 Better understand some key differences in the technology building blocks that comprise market-available outdoor lighting control systems

2 Better understand how those key differences relate to system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment

3 Be able to formulate questions to ask when evaluating a market-available system that donrsquot require a complete understanding of the technology building blocks but effectively uncover how they relate to user needs and concerns (ie system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment)

Not on this agenda common features value propositions barriers to adoption conflicts of interest

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Field devices the entire set of networked Components (hardware and embedded software consisting of Controllers and possibly Gateways) installed in the field that following installation start-up and commissioning function together to adaptively control and remotely monitor Luminaires

bull Central Management System a computer environment that functions as the core of the System by providing all shared System services and consolidating and storing (or managing the storage of) all System data

bull Network (from IES TM-23-11) a group of systems that functioncooperatively andor interdependently to provide a chain of command for lighting control

bull Field Device Network typically a Local Area Network (LAN) that connectsand enables communication between (exclusively) Field Devices

bull Backhaul Network typically a Wide Area Network (WAN) that connectsand facilitates communication between (at a minimum) one or more Field Device networks with a Central Management System

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Controller (from IES TM-23-11) the device that originates a command toexecute a lighting change Most commonly associated with a lightingcontrol station or control console a controller may also be a sensor orother automatic device operating without human interaction

ndash Physically monitors and controls Luminaires installed at Control Points ndash Reacts and responds to logical and physical inputs ndash Makes control decisions using internal algorithmic and logic functions ndash Communicates via a network protocol

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Gateway (from IES TM-23-11) a device designed for interfacing between two communication networks that use different protocols such as BACnetto DALI or DMX512 to 0-10VDC A Gateway may contain devices such asprotocol translators impedance matching devices rate converters faultisolators or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability

ndash Serves (at a minimum) as the interface between one or more FieldDevices and a Central Management System

ndash Aggregates data packets and connects to an external network ndash Typically translates from a wireless Field Device protocol to a

standardized Wide Area Network (WAN) protocol such as WiFi (ie IEEE 80211xx) Ethernet (ie IEEE 8023) or LTE Cellular (ie 3GPP Release 8)

ndash Sometimes referred to as a ldquoBorder Routerrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Leaf transmitsreceives messages bull Router generates and forwards

(repeats) adjacent nodersquos packets bull Border Router see Gateway

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 8: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

What to Look for Today in Control Systems

Learning Objectives

1 Better understand some key differences in the technology building blocks that comprise market-available outdoor lighting control systems

2 Better understand how those key differences relate to system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment

3 Be able to formulate questions to ask when evaluating a market-available system that donrsquot require a complete understanding of the technology building blocks but effectively uncover how they relate to user needs and concerns (ie system features value propositions and potential barriers to deployment)

Not on this agenda common features value propositions barriers to adoption conflicts of interest

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Field devices the entire set of networked Components (hardware and embedded software consisting of Controllers and possibly Gateways) installed in the field that following installation start-up and commissioning function together to adaptively control and remotely monitor Luminaires

bull Central Management System a computer environment that functions as the core of the System by providing all shared System services and consolidating and storing (or managing the storage of) all System data

bull Network (from IES TM-23-11) a group of systems that functioncooperatively andor interdependently to provide a chain of command for lighting control

bull Field Device Network typically a Local Area Network (LAN) that connectsand enables communication between (exclusively) Field Devices

bull Backhaul Network typically a Wide Area Network (WAN) that connectsand facilitates communication between (at a minimum) one or more Field Device networks with a Central Management System

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Controller (from IES TM-23-11) the device that originates a command toexecute a lighting change Most commonly associated with a lightingcontrol station or control console a controller may also be a sensor orother automatic device operating without human interaction

ndash Physically monitors and controls Luminaires installed at Control Points ndash Reacts and responds to logical and physical inputs ndash Makes control decisions using internal algorithmic and logic functions ndash Communicates via a network protocol

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Gateway (from IES TM-23-11) a device designed for interfacing between two communication networks that use different protocols such as BACnetto DALI or DMX512 to 0-10VDC A Gateway may contain devices such asprotocol translators impedance matching devices rate converters faultisolators or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability

ndash Serves (at a minimum) as the interface between one or more FieldDevices and a Central Management System

ndash Aggregates data packets and connects to an external network ndash Typically translates from a wireless Field Device protocol to a

standardized Wide Area Network (WAN) protocol such as WiFi (ie IEEE 80211xx) Ethernet (ie IEEE 8023) or LTE Cellular (ie 3GPP Release 8)

ndash Sometimes referred to as a ldquoBorder Routerrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Leaf transmitsreceives messages bull Router generates and forwards

(repeats) adjacent nodersquos packets bull Border Router see Gateway

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 9: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Terminology

bull Field devices the entire set of networked Components (hardware and embedded software consisting of Controllers and possibly Gateways) installed in the field that following installation start-up and commissioning function together to adaptively control and remotely monitor Luminaires

bull Central Management System a computer environment that functions as the core of the System by providing all shared System services and consolidating and storing (or managing the storage of) all System data

bull Network (from IES TM-23-11) a group of systems that functioncooperatively andor interdependently to provide a chain of command for lighting control

bull Field Device Network typically a Local Area Network (LAN) that connectsand enables communication between (exclusively) Field Devices

bull Backhaul Network typically a Wide Area Network (WAN) that connectsand facilitates communication between (at a minimum) one or more Field Device networks with a Central Management System

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Controller (from IES TM-23-11) the device that originates a command toexecute a lighting change Most commonly associated with a lightingcontrol station or control console a controller may also be a sensor orother automatic device operating without human interaction

ndash Physically monitors and controls Luminaires installed at Control Points ndash Reacts and responds to logical and physical inputs ndash Makes control decisions using internal algorithmic and logic functions ndash Communicates via a network protocol

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Gateway (from IES TM-23-11) a device designed for interfacing between two communication networks that use different protocols such as BACnetto DALI or DMX512 to 0-10VDC A Gateway may contain devices such asprotocol translators impedance matching devices rate converters faultisolators or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability

ndash Serves (at a minimum) as the interface between one or more FieldDevices and a Central Management System

ndash Aggregates data packets and connects to an external network ndash Typically translates from a wireless Field Device protocol to a

standardized Wide Area Network (WAN) protocol such as WiFi (ie IEEE 80211xx) Ethernet (ie IEEE 8023) or LTE Cellular (ie 3GPP Release 8)

ndash Sometimes referred to as a ldquoBorder Routerrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Leaf transmitsreceives messages bull Router generates and forwards

(repeats) adjacent nodersquos packets bull Border Router see Gateway

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 10: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Terminology

bull Controller (from IES TM-23-11) the device that originates a command toexecute a lighting change Most commonly associated with a lightingcontrol station or control console a controller may also be a sensor orother automatic device operating without human interaction

ndash Physically monitors and controls Luminaires installed at Control Points ndash Reacts and responds to logical and physical inputs ndash Makes control decisions using internal algorithmic and logic functions ndash Communicates via a network protocol

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Gateway (from IES TM-23-11) a device designed for interfacing between two communication networks that use different protocols such as BACnetto DALI or DMX512 to 0-10VDC A Gateway may contain devices such asprotocol translators impedance matching devices rate converters faultisolators or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability

ndash Serves (at a minimum) as the interface between one or more FieldDevices and a Central Management System

ndash Aggregates data packets and connects to an external network ndash Typically translates from a wireless Field Device protocol to a

standardized Wide Area Network (WAN) protocol such as WiFi (ie IEEE 80211xx) Ethernet (ie IEEE 8023) or LTE Cellular (ie 3GPP Release 8)

ndash Sometimes referred to as a ldquoBorder Routerrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Leaf transmitsreceives messages bull Router generates and forwards

(repeats) adjacent nodersquos packets bull Border Router see Gateway

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 11: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Terminology

bull Gateway (from IES TM-23-11) a device designed for interfacing between two communication networks that use different protocols such as BACnetto DALI or DMX512 to 0-10VDC A Gateway may contain devices such asprotocol translators impedance matching devices rate converters faultisolators or signal translators as necessary to provide system interoperability

ndash Serves (at a minimum) as the interface between one or more FieldDevices and a Central Management System

ndash Aggregates data packets and connects to an external network ndash Typically translates from a wireless Field Device protocol to a

standardized Wide Area Network (WAN) protocol such as WiFi (ie IEEE 80211xx) Ethernet (ie IEEE 8023) or LTE Cellular (ie 3GPP Release 8)

ndash Sometimes referred to as a ldquoBorder Routerrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Leaf transmitsreceives messages bull Router generates and forwards

(repeats) adjacent nodersquos packets bull Border Router see Gateway

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 12: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Terminology

bull Leaf transmitsreceives messages bull Router generates and forwards

(repeats) adjacent nodersquos packets bull Border Router see Gateway

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 13: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Terminology (Updated)

bull Compatibility The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to coexist in the same physical environment ndash that is operate without corrupting interfering with or hindering the operation of the other entity

bull Interoperability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to work together and (more specifically) to reliably and securely exchange and readily use data with a common shared meaning

bull Interchangeability The ability of two or more devices applications networks or systems to be physically exchanged for each other and provide a defined level of identical operation without additional configuration

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 14: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Terminology

bull Component Installation A process that results in a state where allComponents have been provided the basic necessities required for them to operate as intended

ndash Typically includes mechanical mounting the establishment of one ormore electrical connections and perhaps some provisioning for network communication or configuration of basic parameters to default or user specified settings

ndash Does not result in a state where all Components are operating asintended or where all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

bull System Start-Up A process that results in a state where all Componentsare operating as intended and all System functions and capabilities are available to the User

ndash Typically includes the configuration of System hardware firmware and software

ndash Does not (necessarily) result in a state where all System functions andcapabilities are configured according to User desires

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 15: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Terminology

bull System Commissioning A process that results in a state where all System functions and capabilities are configured according to User desires

ndash Typically includes the modification of System software settings

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Installation

bull Physical configurations bull Mechanical mounting bull Electrical connections

Start-Up

bull Logical configurations bull Network configuration and connection bull Sensor configuration and connection

Commissioning

bull Functional configurations bull Grouping scheduling reporting bull Adaptive lighting

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 16: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

15 things to look for

1 Interoperability

2 Luminaire integration options

3 Input voltage options

4 Lighting control options

5 Energy metering

6 Location commissioning

7 Sensor options

8 Network architecture

9 Wireless spectrum

10Backhaul selection

11Software

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12Security

13Data access

14Business models

15 Integration with other (non-lighting) systems

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 17: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

1) Interoperability

bull Facilitates ability to integrate best-of-breed components (eg controllers sensors software) into a system

bull Facilitates ability to modify and improve an existing system as you learn what you (really) needwant

bull Helps manage risk of component manufacturer obsolescence bull Many typeslevels

ndash Between a Controller and a Luminaire ndash Between a Central Management System and Field Device Network ndash Between a Field Device and Communication Network ndash Between Field Devices

bull Sharing of application data requires a common application definition(sometimes referred to as a protocol or profile) hellip or an up-to-date ldquotranslatorrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 18: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Some interoperability specifications amp standards

bull ANSI C13610 and C13641 (httpwwwnemaorgTechnicalPagesANSI-C136-Series-Standards-for-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipmentaspx)

bull LonMark (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

bull 3GPP (httpwww3gpporg) ndash LTE (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-acronyms98-lte) ndash LTE-Advanced (httpwww3gpporgtechnologieskeywords-

acronyms97-lte-advanced) ndash Small Cells (httpwww3gpporghetnet) ndash LTE-Direct (httpwwwqualcommcomresearchprojectslte-direct)

bull TALQ (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) bull ZigBee NAN

(httpwwwzigbeeorgdefaultaspxContenttype=ArticleDetamptabID=332ampmoduleId=ampAid=484ampPR=PR)

bull Wi-SUN (httpwwwwi-sunorg) bull NTCIP (httpwwwntciporg) bull Qualcomm AllSeen Alliance AllJoyn (httpswwwalljoynorg)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 19: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

7

6

5

Data Application

Network Process to Application

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

Data Session Interhost Communication

4

3

2

1

Segments

Packets

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Frames

Bits

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

ldquoInternetrdquo Model

Application

Transport

Network

Physical amp Data Link

Application

Transport

Link

Internet

DHCP FTP HTTP SMTP SNMP SSH

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

DSL DOCSIS Ethernet ISDN PPP

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 20: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

2

3

4

5

7

6

Application

There are many possible levels of interoperability

OSI Model

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption

bull Verbal bull Written

bull Face-to-face phone bull Mail Email

bull Pony Express Rail Air bull Wired Wireless

bull English French bull Dialects

bull Jargon Lingo bull Slang Colloquialisms

Method

Format

Delivery

Language

ApplicationSpecific

Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 21: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

7

Another analogy (new) OSI Model

6

5

4

3

2

Data

Data

Segments

Packets

Frames

Bits

ApplicationNetwork Process to

Application

Session Interhost Communication

TransportEnd-to-End Connections

and Reliability

Network Path Determination and IP (Logical Addressing)

Data Link MAC and LLC

(Physical addressing)

PhysicalMedia Signal and

Binary Transmission

Data Presentation

Data Representation and Encryption Application

Transport amp Network

Physical amp Data Link

20_kWh 21_kHh 1ab 43c ac5 789

[0010][1001][0101][0101]0010100101010101

httpenwikipediaorgwikiOSI_model

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 22: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Gateway caveats

bull Gateways serve a bridge between systems ndash At one or more communication layers (physicaldata link network

transport application) ndash Translate across one or more layers

bull The successful translation of application data is susceptible to changes or additions to application definitions

bull Deeper levels of device-to-device interoperability can deliver greater system flexibility and performance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 23: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

ANSI C13610-2010

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Locking-Type Photocontrol Devices and Mating Receptacles ndash Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testingrdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 24: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

ANSI C13641-2013

ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment ndash Dimming Control Between an External Locking Type Photocontrol and Ballast or Driverrdquo

httpswwwnemaorgStandardsPagesFor-Roadway-and-Area-Lighting-Equipment-Dimming-Control-Between-an-External-Locking-Type-Photocontrol-and-Ballast-or-Driveraspx

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 25: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 26: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 27: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Todayrsquos field devices

Physical amp Data Link

Application (Lighting Control)

Transport amp Network (Mesh)

bull NTCIP 1213 ELMS Typically Proprietary bull

bull LonMark TALQ

bull Allseen Alljoyn

Typically Proprietary

Typically standards-basedIEEE 802154 (ZigBee) IEEE 80211 (WiFi)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 28: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

LonMark International

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwlonmarkorgconnectionsolutionslightingstreetlighting)

ndash 14 street lighting members bull Full interoperability (including application layer) primarily for wired physical

implementations bull Based on the ISOIEC 14908 series of standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 29: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

LonMark International

0100 - Network Infrastructure 0400 - Programmables 0500 - IO 0600 - Generic Controllers 0700 - Generic Actuators 0800 - Generic Human-Machine Interface 1000 - Sensors 2000 - Energy Management 3000 - Lighting 4000 - Wiring Devices Address 5000 - AccessIntrusionMonitoring MANY applications 6000 - Motor Controls 7000 - Gateways 8000 - HVAC 9000 - Transportation 10000 - Refrigeration 11000 - Fire amp Smoke Devices 13000 - Industrial 14000 - VerticalConveyer Transportation (Elevator) 15000 - Whitegoods 17000 - Automated Food Service 18000 - Semiconductor Fabrication

httpwwwlonmarkorgtechnical_resourcesresource_filesspid_master_listDeviceClasses

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 30: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

The TALQ Consortium

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwtalq-consortiumorg) ndash 11 regular members ndash 11 associate members ndash 4 partners

bull Standardized interface (including application layer) between centralmanagement systems and outdoor lighting networks

bull Design specification(s) bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 31: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

The TALQ Consortium

Focused on Outdoor Lighting Networks (OLNrsquos)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 32: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Wi-SUN Alliance

bull Vendor consortium (httpwwwwi-sunorg) ndash 10 promoter members ndash 44 contributor members ndash 2 observer members

bull PhysicalData Link Network and Transport layer interoperability (ie everything EXCEPT the application layer)

bull Based on IEEE 802154g 6loWPAN standards bull Compliance testing and certification

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 33: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Wi-SUN Alliance

Focused on Smart Utility Networks

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 34: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

2) Luminaire integration options

bull External to luminaire onoff only (no dimming) ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull External to luminaire with dimming ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wired solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + power-line carrier (PLC) solution ndash 3-prong receptacle (ANSI C13610) + wireless solution ndash 5-7 prong receptacle (ANSI C13641)

bull Internal to luminaire ndash Installation responsibility ndash LED driver interaction (heat unintentional radiation) ndash Antenna

bull Integral to luminaire

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 35: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Luminaire integration options

bull Internal to luminaire (today) bull Integral to luminaire ie internal

to the ballastdriver (soon)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 36: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

3) Input voltage options

bull Universal (120 ndash 277 Volt) bull 240 Volt bull 347 Volt bull 480 Volt bull Internal (to luminaire) transformers

required for high(er) voltage luminaires if suitable controller is not available

bull Emerging options powered bydriverballast

H X Ve

ndor

120

Volt

240

Volt

277

Volt

120

ndash 27

7 Vo

lt34

7 Vo

lt48

0 Vo

lt

A X X X B X X X C X S D X E X F X G X

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 37: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

4) Lighting control options

bull 0-10V ndash One-way analog communication driverballast ndash Can not set power or light level

bull DALI ndash Two-way digital communication with driverballast ndash Can set light level ndash Can (theoretically) extract luminaire characteristics (eg makemodel

power profile) ndash Can report driverballast characteristics (eg temperature)

bull Integral to luminaire driverballast

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 38: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires

bull What ndash Dimmable driverballast ndash Low additional up-front material cost ndash Low future upgrade labor cost

bull Why ndash Growing adoption of controllable (eg LED) luminaires ndash Minimize cost to add control later

bull How ndash Exterior plugreceptacle ndash Power-door replacement ndash LED driver replacement ndash Interior plugreceptacle ndash Firmware upgrade

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 39: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Light level considerations

bull Identifying conditions that warrant different (from nominal) light levels

bull Identifying when those conditions occur

bull Light level vs power expectations realities

bull Establishing the desired light level

bull Billing for the resultant (varying) power level

httpwwwfhwadotgovpublicationsresearchsafety1405014050pdf

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 40: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

5) Energy metering

bull For generating ldquorevenue-grade billing datardquo bull For monetizing ldquoadaptive lightingrdquo bull Accuracy precision bull Data security bull Standards

ndash ANSI C121 ndash 2008 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters Code for Electricity Meteringrdquo

ndash ANSI C1220 ndash 2010 ldquoAmerican National Standard for Electric Meters 02 and 05 Accuracy Classesrdquo

ndash ANSI C13650 ndash TBD ldquoAmerican National Standard For Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment TBD (Revenue Grade Energy Measurement)rdquo

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 41: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Energy metering claims

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 42: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

100 75 50 25

0

PM

2

00 P

M

200

PM

4

00 P

M

400

PM

6

00 P

M

600

PM

800

PM

800

PM

100

0 P

M10

00

AM

12

00

AM

12

00

AM

2

00

PM

120

0

Average or bin-center duration

PM12

00

Adaptive lighting tariff 2 Average or bin-center reduction

AM

2

00

AM

4

00 A

M

400

AM

6

00 A

M

600

AM

8

00 A

M

800

AM

10

00

AM

10

00

Alternatives to energy metering

100 75 50 25

0

Average or bin-center duration

Average or bin-center reduction Adaptive lighting tariff 1

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 43: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

6) Location commissioning

bull Options ndash None ndash Controller location is assigned from an

existing database ndash Controller location is captured using a

field commissioning device (with GPS) ndash Controller captures its own location

(via integral GPS) bull Key considerations

ndash GPS cost (one-time use) ndash GPS accuracy vs lock-in time

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 44: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

7) Sensor options

bull Ambient Light (photocell) bull Traffic (inductive loop camera-

based) bull Occupancy (PIR camera-based

microwave) bull Environmental conditions bull Video (requires high-bandwidth

network) bull Audio (gunshot) bull Air quality (chemical particle) bull Radiation

Sensing cars pedestrians bicycles environmenthellip

Adaptation schedules presence traffic weather

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 45: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Sensor options

bull Many existing and emerging device options bull Raw data (eg video stream) vs locally processedanalyzed data (eg

number of parked cars traffic volume) bull Varying system integration schemes

ndash Integrated into luminaire or controller ndash Analog signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Digital signal input to device on lighting control network ndash Connected to lighting control network through a gateway ndash Directly connected to lighting control network ndash Shared data through Central Management System

bull Data sharing facilitated by application level interoperability

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 46: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Sensor examples

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 47: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

8) Network architecture

bull Primary market-available options ndash Wired (PLC) LAN ndash Wireless Mesh LAN ndash Wireless Star LAN ndash Wireless direct connect to WAN (eg cellular)

bull Number or presence of gateways ndash Electrical connection energy consumption ndash Maintenance ndash Aesthetics

bull Connection challenges solutions ndash Repeaters ndash RF power adjustment ndash Additional gateways

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 48: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Wireless topologies (updated)

The mesh forms the network Gateways create the network Gateways primarily interface to other networks and interface to other networks

Gateway

Gateway

Mesh Star

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 49: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Propagation simulation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 50: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Mesh network formation example

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 51: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Average mesh hop count example g p

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Where is the gateway

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 52: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

9) Wireless spectrum

bull Managed (legal protection and enforcement) by Federal CommunicationsCommission (FCC)

bull Unlicensed (ISM Applications) ndash Free access granted to all users ndash Most devices in 900-928 MHz 2400-2483 MHz bands ndash One watt or less transmit power ndash Must obey FCC ldquogood neighborrdquo rules ndash Must be able to live in crowded noisy environment

bull Licensed ndash Fee-based access granted to one user ndash Various portions of RF spectrum over a designated geographic area ndash Higher allowed transmit power ndash Knowledge of and control over all transmitters ndash Lower noise

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 53: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

10) Backhaul selection

bull Wired - Fiber ndash IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) ndash Availability at utilitylight pole lighting boxes traffic management

boxes ndash New install expense (perhaps covered by small cell installation) ndash Fastest and most reliable

bull Wireless ndash Cellular ndash GRPS 3G LTE4G ndash Wide availability and coverage ndash Must consider propagation conditions at gateway locations to avoid

coverage holes bull Wireless ndash Other

ndash WiMax ndash Line-of-sight (eg 60GHz)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 54: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

11) Central Management Software

bull System integration ndash Vendor hosted CMS (cloud-based) ndash User hosted CMS (application installed on user system)

bull Capabilities amp Features ndash Many purposes including commissioning asset management remote

monitoring and reporting diagnostics and manual control etc ndash Varying formats (GUIrsquos levels of customizationcomplexity) ndash Not all formats ideally suited for all users andor staff (eg system

administration field maintenance) needs bull Interoperability facilitates the installation of different multiple software tools

to suit user andor staff needs

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 55: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Vendor-based hosting

bull Access application amp database through encrypted user sessions using

Application amp database hosted by vendor(s) User remote access

Internet

technology (https) similar to online banking bull Application management (eg upgrades security) handled by Vendor(s) bull Database backups handled by Vendor(s) bull Cloud-based multi-user management is potentially more cost-effective bull Typically involves a service fee (per-light-point-per-year fee)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 56: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

1 2

User-based hosting

1 2

Application amp database User remote access Standalone desktop hosted by user application amp database

bull User and vendor coordinates application management and software upgrades

bull All data stays on the userrsquos premises bull User responsible for data backup and security management bull User typically pays one-time software cost + additional cost for support

services (eg help desk) and software upgrades

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 57: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

12) Security

bull Security is not (just) a feature or set of features ndash 128256-bit AES ndash MAC address filtering ndash TLS DTLS IPsec ndash IPV6

bull Security is a process and commitment ndash Secure deployment and commissioning to prevent the addition of

malicious devices in the system ndash Authentication to prevent unauthorized people or devices from gaining

access to the network to control or disrupt it ndash Data encryption to prevent eavesdropping of network data ndash Secure software updates to prevent hackers from loading non-

functional or malicious software

ndash Ongoing maintenance

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 58: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Network security certification tools

bull Federal Information ProcessingStandard (FIPS) 140-2

ndash Level 1 (minimum security PC) ndash Level 2 ndash Level 3 ndash Level 4 (maximum security)

bull Department of Defense InformationAssurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP)

ndash Severity Codes CAT I CAT II and CAT III

ndash Accreditation decisions Authorization to Operate Interim Authorization to OperateInterim Authorization to Test Denial of Authorization to Operate

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 59: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

13) Data access

bull Vendor-based or user-based CMS hosting

bull Tiered access fees bull Microdata vs aggregate data bull Rawmeasured sensor data bull Facilitated data exchange via

Application Programming Interfaces(APIrsquos)

ndash Standards (REST JSON XML) ndash Push Pull (Query) ndash Example

httpwwwlightingfactscomLibraryAPI

ndash Examplehttpportfoliomanagerenergystargovwebserviceshomeapi

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 60: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

14) Business models

bull User financed purchase ndash Private vs public financing ndash Energy Efficiency incentives or

loans (requires energy savings) ndash Capital cost recovery (utilities)

bull 3rd party financed purchase ndash ESCO paid by future savings ndash ESCO paid by previous savings

bull Service contract ndash Per networked device fee ndash Per data usage fee

bull Revenue generating opportunities ndash Shared electricalmechanical

infrastructure (poles electricity) ndash Shared LAN ndash Shared WAN (backhaul) ndash Shared bandwidth

bull Revenue generating examples ndash Repeaters for other (eg smart

meter) networks ndash Access points for other networks

(eg cellular small cells)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 61: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Investment analysis

bull Payback analysis ndash Accounts for maintenance savings (varies significantly) ndash Based (mostly) on lighting control energy savings (rare) ndash Based (solely) on LED retrofit energy savings (becoming more

common requires combined project) ndash Accounts for non-energy benefits (rare)

bull Evaluation metrics ndash Return-on-Investment (ROI) ndash Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ndash Total Value of Ownership (TVO)

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 62: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

15) Integration with other systems

bull Comprised of lighting or non-lighting devices bull Shared central management system separate networks

ndash Municipal and DOT lighting systems bull Shared network separate central management systems

ndash Smart meter and lighting systems bull Shared data via communication with other central management systems

ndash Lighting and asset management systems ndash Lighting and traffic systems

bull Shared network and data via field-to-field communication with other devices

ndash Lighting systems and vehicles (Vehicle to Infrastructure or V2I) bull Facilitated by interoperability gateways etc

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 63: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Lighting and Asset Management Systems

Operator

Asset CMS Lighting CMS Login Login

Data Exchange

3rd Party Asset Central Management System

Street Lighting Central Management

System

via standard Web Services

CityTouch AssetLink

Data Connector

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 64: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

Lighting and Traffic

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 65: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

5

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

100

80 60

40 20

30 35

40

45

50

30

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

530

13 3

30 PM

5

301

3 5 00

PM

530

13 6

30 PM

5

301

3 800

PM

530

13 9

30 PM

530

13 1

1 00 P

M 5

311

3 123

0 AM

531

13 2

00 AM

5

311

3 330

AM

531

13 5 0

0 AM

531

13 6

30 AM

Imported XML traffic dataVo

lume

Volume

Occup

ancy

Occup

ancy

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0 25

Occup

ancy

Volume

40 40

20 20

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

100 100

80 80

60 60

25 0

Occup

ancy40 40

Volume20 20

25

20 20‐ ‐

15 15‐ ‐

10 ‐ 10 ‐

5 ‐ 5 ‐

0 ‐ 0 ‐

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

0

0

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 66: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification

httpwww1eereenergygovbuildingssslcontrol-specificationhtml SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS
Page 67: Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities · SALC September 14-17, 2014 Nashville, TN Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities Michael Poplawski Senior Engineer

QUESTIONS

What to Look for Today in Control Systems Michael Poplawski Pacific Northwest National Lab

SALC September 14-17 2014 Nashville TN

  • Connected Outdoor Lighting Systems for Municipalities
  • A networked outdoor lighting control system
  • Basic capabilities
  • Some emerging capabilities
  • Key market adoption issues
  • What to Look for Today in Control Systems
  • Terminology
  • Terminology (Updated)
  • 15 things to look for
  • 1) Interoperability
  • Some interoperability specifications amp standards
  • There are many possible levels of interoperability
  • Another analogy (new)
  • Gateway caveats
  • ANSI C13610-2010
  • ANSI C13641-2013
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant components
  • ANSI C13641-2013 compliant products
  • Todayrsquos field devices
  • LonMark International
  • The TALQ Consortium
  • Wi-SUN Alliance
  • 2) Luminaire integration options
  • 3) Input voltage options
  • 4) Lighting control options
  • ldquoControl-Readyrdquo luminaires
  • Light level considerations
  • 5) Energy metering
  • Energy metering claims
  • Alternatives to energy metering
  • 6) Location commissioning
  • 7) Sensor options
  • Sensor examples
  • 8) Network architecture
  • Wireless topologies (updated)
  • Propagation simulation example
  • Mesh network formation example
  • Average mesh hop count example
  • 9) Wireless spectrum
  • 10) Backhaul selection
  • 11) Central Management Software
  • Vendor-based hosting
  • User-based hosting
  • 12) Security
  • Network security certification tools
  • 13) Data access
  • 14) Business models
  • Investment analysis
  • 15) Integration with other systems
  • Lighting and Asset Management Systems
  • Lighting and Traffic
  • Imported XML traffic data
  • DOE SSL Program Resources Model Specification
  • QUESTIONS