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How are religion and culture connected?

Preview Before you begin this chapter, think about the Essential Question. Understanding how the Essential Question connects to your life will help you understand the chapter you are about to read.

Connect to Your Life1 Define culture. What elements are included in a culture?

2 In the table below, describe or give examples of elements of your local culture. Then note whether and how religion influences these elements.

Elements of Local Culture Description or Example Influence of Religion

Roles of Men and Women

Holidays Celebrated

Types of Food

Elements of the Culture of Maurya and Gupta India

Description or Example Influence of Religion

Rulers

Laws

Music

4 After reading the chapter, return to this page. Circle your predictions that were correct.

Connect to the Chapter3 Preview the chapter. Skim the headings, photos, and graphics. In the

table below, predict how you think religion affected the culture of Maurya and Gupta India.

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Ashoka’s Actions

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Connect to myStory: Emperor Ashoka and the Gift of Dirt1 What was a major turning point in your life or in the history of the

United States?

2 How was the battle of Kalinga a turning point for Ashoka?

3 In the diagram below, identify five actions of Ashoka after he turned to Buddhism.

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Word WiseSentence Builder Complete the sentences below with a key term from this section. You may have to change the form of the words to complete the sentences.

Word Bankstrategy provincebureaucracy subjecttolerance

1 Ashoka’s willingness to respect different beliefs and customs is known

as .

2 Chandragupta set up a huge spy network and gave no right to privacy

or freedom of speech to his .

3 Chandragupta solved the problem of ruling over a huge area by

dividing his empire into four regions and smaller .

4 Attacking Magadha’s borders from the northwest and then

conquering other kingdoms was Kautilya’s and Chandragupta’s

long-term .

5 Appointed officials in each region, province, and village carried

out the emperor’s rules and regulations in the Maurya government

.

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Section

11. Cause: Greeks invade India, and many kingdoms divide the subcontinent.

2. Cause: Chandragupta faces the problem of ruling over a large area with many different needs.

3. Cause: Chandragupta needs to support a large army and a costly lifestyle.

4. Cause: Chandragupta lives in constant fear of his enemies.

5. Cause: The kingdom of Kalinga resists the conquest of Ashoka.

6. Cause: Ashoka is shocked by the suffering at the battle of Kalinga.

1. Effect(s):

2. Effect(s):

3. Effect(s):

4. Effect(s):

5. Effect(s):

6. Effect(s):

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Take NotesAnalyze Cause and Effect Use what you have read about the Maurya empire to complete the activity below. For each cause given, write the effect or effects.

What impact did religion have on the Maurya empire?

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Word WiseVocabulary Quiz Show Some quiz shows ask a question and expect the contestant to give the answer. In other shows, the contestant is given an answer and must supply the question. If the blank is in the Question column, write the question that would result in the answer in the Answer column. If the question is supplied, write the answer.

QUESTION

1

2

3 What is the counting system based on units of ten?

4

ANSWER

1 citizenship

2 numeral

3

4 metallurgy

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2

Gupta Emperors and Their

Achievements

•

•

•

Achievements in Medicine and

Metallurgy

•

•

•

Achievements in Literature and

the Arts

•

•

•

•

Achievements in Mathematics

and Astronomy

•

•

•

•

Summary Statement:

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Take NotesSummarize Use what you have read to fill in the key ideas from Section 2 in the correct places below. Then use the key ideas to write a summary statement about the Gupta empire.

Which aspects of Gupta civilization were connected to religion? Which were not?

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Prepare to WriteThroughout this chapter, you have explored the Essential Question in your text, journal, and by going On Assignment at myworldhistory.com. Writing Situation: You have learned about the religion and culture of India.Directions for Writing: Consider the various Indian art forms. Now write a persuasive essay. Convince your reader that art and culture

were closely connected in Maurya and Gupta India.

Workshop Skill: Revise Your WorkThis workshop focuses on revising your essay. Recall that the four major steps of the writing process include: (1) prewriting, (2) drafting, (3) revising, and (4) presenting. You have already prewritten and drafted your essay. During the revising step, you review your work to make sure your ideas are clear.

Steps to Follow Revision requires looking at the whole essay and taking a close look at each paragraph and sentence. Follow these steps to revise your essay in an organized way. As you complete each step, check it off the list.

Introduction and Thesis Statement

The introduction of my essay is easy to understand and interesting.

My thesis statement is clear and broad enough to support many details.

Paragraphs

Each paragraph has a topic sentence and supporting sentences.

The transitions between paragraphs make sense.

My conclusion is based on information in my essay.

Sentence Structure

Each sentence has a subject and a verb.

My sentences vary in length and sentence types.

Proofread

My sentences are free of errors in grammar, punctuation, and capitalization.

How are religion and culture connected?

Writer’s Workshop

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Proofreading Marks

c

FPO

capitalize c

FPO lowercase

c

FPO delete FPO comma

ro k insert

FPO period

When we think of religious art, we often think of paintings or sculpture.

In India, however a special kind of dancing called Kuchipudi expressed

religious devotion. it is a form of dance based on storys from the hindu

religion. At first the performers were men. Eventually women were trained

in the art. The dances are amazingly Graceful. They are difficult to master.

In one, the dancer stands on a brass plate, swift circling its rim, while

balancing a jug of water on her head.

ies

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but

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Here is an example of a short paragraph that has been proofread. Changes have been made to improve sentence variety, too.

Now revise the following paragraph. Use proofreading marks to correct the errors in capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.

Buddhist archetecture began during Ashokas reign. He ordered huge

pillars to be built, messages on the pilars urged people to lead moral lives.

Ashoka also was responsible for building huge stupas. These mounds of brick

honored the buddha. In western india, stupas were carved out of rock in the

mountainside.

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