conifer adaption to dry habitats
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Conifer and maquis species adaption toward dry regions and habitats
By Nir HerrKKL Nortern Region and Forest Department
July 2010
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Detailed phytogeographic Regions: in each region there are component of vegetation from other regions
Dry habitat exist also inside the Mediteranean region
Nahal Limonim
Open forest
Herbacheos on red Terra RossaSparse savana forestGarigue (shrubs)Bata (semi shrubs)
Graduation of Humidity regions
Phytogeographic regions
Semi humid
Semi arid
steppe arid
desert arid
Med
itera
nean
Irano
-Tur
ania
n
Shar
o-Ar
abia
nSu
dani
an
Dry regions in Israel
Southern slopHot and dry
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Yatir Forest – 30,000 Dunam on in 270 mm rain regionAfter few dry years partly drying in 2009/10
Dry sites above geologic map and forest stands
Limestone B’ina formation
Chalk Menuha formation
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F_AREA
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
15 20 25 30 35 40 45גיל (שנים)
ף?רו
שח
שט
F_AREA
Most of the drying area are in forest stands above the age of 35 years
Yatir Forest trees drying
Dry
ing
area
Age (years)
Each point is area in one Forest Helka
Photographs: ira Haitin
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In the previous years in Yatir forest (from Schiller & Atzmon (2009):
WUE: 4טבלה
Measures in 1990, 1997, 2000, 2007 on experiment site in SE Yatir forest, of P. halepensis provenance that had planted in 1985/6 The origin provenanceTrunk diameter, height and survival
The origin influence
Water Use Efficiency (WUE)In Yatir and in the control
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P. b
rutia
P. p
inea
P. h
alep
ensi
s
p. c
anar
iens
is
C. s
empe
rviri
ens
C. a
rison
ioca
Pis.
Atla
ntic
a
Pis
. Pal
estin
a
Q. i
thab
uren
sis
Cera
toni
a si
liqua
2005
2006
2007
20080
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% survical
species
years
2005200620072008
P. b
rutia
P. h
alep
ensi
s
P. p
inea
Cup
ress
us
cera
toni
a
Pis
. Atla
nt.
Pis
. Pal
est.
North Reg.
Center Reg.
South Reg.0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% Survival
Species
Region
North Reg.Center Reg.South Reg.
In all over Israel: Survival and development surveys after planting in the KKL regions
In Northern region:Survival percent of the first year in commonconifers and maquis species In 4 separate years.
Maybe a species that survive and grow more can be good to dry region or habitat (origin: tables of Ronen Talmon, forest dep. On the base of regions data)
In the 3 main region in 2007:Survival percent of the first year in commonconifers and maquis species.
The survival In central region looks less good and more differences between species. Maybe it because less irrigation or more variability in the region.
South Reg.Center Reg.North Reg.8280P. brutia
938983P. halepensis877484P. pinea944385Cupressus948990ceratonia969288Pis. Atlant.
8194Pis. Palest.
Pinus halepensis looks high survive and stable in the conifers. Ceratonia and Pistacia atlantica are better in the maquis species.
200820072006200581809492P. brutia72849594P. pinea97839092P. halepensis666789p. canariensis84858895C. semperviriens80806793C. arisonioca96889484Pis. Atlantica
949377Pis. Palestina897685Q. ithaburensis
86909384Ceratonia siliqua
Data of Pinus, Cupressus, Pistacia, Quercus and Ceratonia species. Each year have different average survive and different relations between the species. In the conifers, Pinus halepensis looks more influences by the years.
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In the acclimitization plots: Survival and development in the Mediterranean region )from Weinstein, 2002:(
)In the dryer sites there was examined other species(
Few parameters was examined and overall ranking was made. the sites had divided between Terra Rossa sites (usually dryer habitat) and Renzina (More calcarous habitats)
Lab growing experiment. Weight and height of 6 seed source
By growing in stress of high
osmotic solution (Madmony et al, 2003)
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SummaryWe want to adjust the best species and variants to the site, especially in the dry regions and habitats .This knowledge accepted by few ways :
Survive and development surveys – there there are much data, but summary of the whole region data gives just general information.
Experiences of the foresters about the succeeding of planting in their forests in their condutions. Acclimatization plots and experiments that examine and compare the grow conditions the each species and provenance and try to find the best for each habitat. In addition, lab experiments.
Researches on problematic conditions and events like severe death of trees after long dry period. Not all the information gives the same result. We have to learn the existing information, and use it
according our condition .
Generally, according the data that showed here we can estimate the following:
• P. Brutia and P. pinea usually have an high and stable survivel.• P. halepensis can be survive better than the other species in certain years in part of the sites • Cupressus sempervirens have quite good survive in the north and can be less in other regions.• C. atlantica get the higher rank on rendzina. It was not examined enough in the forest, so we don’t have enough information about it. The provenance origin are partly in use in nursaries and in the forest planting