congress chapter 5 legislation begins…. “congressperson” applies to any member of congress...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CONGRESS CHAPTER 5LEGISLATION BEGINS…
![Page 2: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
“CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS
MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARSSPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR
1 YEARUSUALLY LEAVE FOR BREAK
NOV.
•MAKE-UP: 535 MEMBERS•100 SENATORS
•435 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
![Page 3: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
REQUIREMENTS
• HOUSE OF REPS MEMBER
• 25 YEARS OLD
• RESIDENT OF STATE YOU REPRESENT
• CITIZEN OF US AND STATE FOR 7 YEARS PRIOR TO RUNNING FOR OFFICE
• SENATOR
• 30 YEARS OLD
• RESIDENT OF STATE YOU REP.
• CITIZEN OF US AND STATE FOR 9 YEARS PRIOR
![Page 4: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
NUMBERS…
•ORIGINALLY, 1 REP FOR EVERY 30,000 PEOPLE
• TODAY, 1 REP FOR EVERY 650,000 PEOPLE
• IF USING ORIGINAL FORMULA, WOULD BE 8,500 REPS
•435 APPORTIONED (DIVIDED) BY POPULATION
•DECIDED BY CENSUS (COUNT OF PEOPLE)
•DONE EVERY 10 YEARS
![Page 5: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CHARACTERISTICS (TYPICAL) OF CONGRESSPERSON
• WHITE, MIDDLE-CLASS, LAWYER, MALE
• HIGH % ARE INCUMBENTS (PREVIOUS OFFICE HOLDER)
• ABOUT 90% WIN RE-ELECTION
EXPERIENCE CAMPAIGNING
VOTER RELATIONSHIPS
$$ FROM PACS (POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE)
NAME RECOGNITION ON ELECTION DAY
![Page 6: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DEMOGRAPHICS OF CONGRESS – 114TH
(2014-2015)
• HOUSE OF REPS:
• 248 REPUBLICANS
• 193 DEMOCRATS
• JOHN BOEHNER, SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE
• HOUSE LEADER
• SENATE:
• 54 REPUBLICANS
• 44 DEMOCRATS
• 2 INDEPENDENTS (VOTE DEM)
• MITCH MCCONNELL, SENATE LEADER
![Page 7: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
DEMOGRAPHICS, CON’T.
• AVERAGE AGE: 61 SENATE-57 IN HOUSE
• LARGE % COLLEGE EDUCATION
• MOST IDENTIFY AS CHRISTIAN; LARGE % CATHOLIC
• 81 WOMEN IN HOUSE – 20 IN SENATE
• 46 BLACKS IN HOUSE – 2 IN SENATE
• 38 HISPANICS IN HOUSE – 4 IN SENATE
• 12 ASIANS IN HOUSE – 1 IN SENATE
• 2 NATIVE AMERICANS IN HOUSE
![Page 8: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DEMOGRAPHICS, CON’T.
• 2 MUSLIMS – HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
• OLDEST SENATOR: DIANE FEINSTEIN, (CA) 81
• YOUNGEST SENATOR: TOM COTTON, (AR) 37
• 16 CONGRESS BORN OUTSIDE OF US
• 101 VETERANS (81-HOUSE, 20-SENATE)
![Page 9: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
POWERS OF CONGRESS• POWERS NOT SPECIFICALLY GIVEN TO FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT ARE DENIED TO IT.
• FIRST 17 CLAUSES OF CONSTITUTION ARE EXPRESSED (NUMBERED) POWERS
• CONGRESS MAY ALSO INTERPRET THE CLAUSE TO MAKE IT FIT WITHIN THE JOB (NECESSARY AND PROPER CLAUSE)
• THEY CAN DO WHATEVER IS NECESSARY TO GET JOB DONE
• HAS LED CONGRESS TO USE “IMPLIED” POWERS – (ELASTIC CLAUSE) TO STATE OTHER POWERS ARE DENIED
![Page 10: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CONGRESSIONAL VIEWS
STRICT CONSTRUCTIONIST
• BELIEVES THAT ALL LAWS MUST FOLLOW CONSTITUTION
• DID NOT BELIEVE “NECESSARY AND PROPER” SHOULD EVER BE USED
LOOSE CONSTRUCTIONIST
• TAKES LIBERTY WITH “NECESSARY AND PROPER” CLAUSE TO ALLOW MORE CONGRESSIONAL ACTIONS
![Page 11: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND: 1819
JAMES MCCULLOCH
• WORKED, MANAGER OF 2ND NATIONAL BANK OF US IN BALTIMORE
• REFUSED TO CHARGE TAX TO BANK CUSTOMERS FOR MARYLAND
MARYLAND
• PASSED A TAX ON ALL BANK TRANSACTIONS
• TOLD J.M. TO COLLECT TAX FOR THEM
• THEY SUED J. M.
• MARYLAND WON LAWSUIT…BUT…
![Page 12: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
SUPREME COURT DECIDED…
• CHIEF JUSTICE JOHN MARSHALL
• SAID THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WAS THE “LARGER AUTHORITY”
• SAID MCCULLOUGH DID NOT HAVE TO COLLECT TAX FOR MARYLAND
• UPHELD THE PRINCIPLE OF “IMPLIED” POWERS
• ENLARGED THE POWER OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
• FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IS NOT SUBJECT TO ANY STATE
![Page 13: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
EXPRESSED POWERS OF CONGRESS (8)
• 1. FOREIGN POLICY**
• APPROVE TREATIES
• DECLARE WAR
• CREATE & MAINTAIN MILITARY
• REGULATE MILITARY (RULES)
• REGULATE FOREIGN COMMERCE
**CONGRESS HAS DECLARED WAR 6 TIMES
PRESIDENT HAS USED HIS POWER OF EMERGENCY USE OF FORCE +160 TIMES
KOREA/VIETNAM
WAR NEVER DECLARED FOR EITHER
![Page 14: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
POWERS, CON’T.
• 2. WAR POWERS ACT 1973
• PASSED BY CONGRESS (VETOED BY NIXON-CONGRESS OVERRODE HIM)
• FORBIDS PRESIDENT FROM SENDING TROOPS +60 DAYS WITHOUT CONGRESS APPROVAL
• PRESIDENTS HAVE PROTESTED THIS LAW
• TRIED TO HAVE IT REPEALED
![Page 15: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
POWERS, CON’T.
• 3. NATURALIZATION
• CONGRESS CONTROLS THE MANNER IN WHICH IMMIGRANTS BECOME CITIZENS
• 4. MANAGEMENT OF FEDERAL PROPERTIES
• CONGRESS DECIDES WHEN AND IF NEW TERRITORIES BECOME STATES
• CONTROLS ALL FEDERALLY OWNED LANDS
• MILITARY BASES, NATIONAL PARKS
• CONTROL ANY CHANGES TO THOSE LANDS
![Page 16: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
POWERS, CON’T.
• 5. COPYRIGHTS
• CONGRESS HAS EXCLUSIVE RIGHT TO DEFINE COPYRIGHT (ABILITY TO PUBLISH OR SELL ORIGINAL WORK)
• CONGRESS HAS SET 17 YEARS AS TIME YOUR ORIGINAL WORK PROTECTED
![Page 17: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
POWERS, CON’T.
• 6. PRESIDENTIAL SELECTION (IF NO MAJORITY IN ELECTORAL COLLEGE)
• HOUSE OF REPS WILL SELECT PRES
• SENATE WILL CHOOSE VICE-PRES
• ONLY 2 TIMES HAS THIS HAPPENED:
• 1800 HOUSE ELECTED THOMAS JEFFERSON OVER AARON BURR
• 1824 HOUSE ELECTED JOHN Q. ADAMS OVER ANDREW JACKSON
• (CORRUPT BARGAIN) – JACKSON SAID
![Page 18: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
6TH POWER, CON’T.
• 20TH AMENDMENT: GAVE CONGRESS POWER TO SETTLE ISSUES RELATED TO DEATH OF PRESIDENT
• 25TH AMENDMENT: GAVE CONGRESS AUTHORITY TO APPOINT VICE-PRES IF DIE IN OFFICE OR RESIGN**
• **HAPPENED 2 TIMES IN 1970’S
• SPIRO AGNEW
• RICHARD NIXON
![Page 19: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
POWERS, CON’T.
• 7. PRESIDENTIAL IMPEACHMENT
• IMPEACHMENT: POWER TO REMOVE AND FEDERAL OFFICIAL FROM OFFICE
• TRIAL; CHARGES BROUGHT BY HOUSE OF REPS
• TRIED BY SENATE
• 2/3 OF CONGRESSMEN MUST VOTE GUILTY FOR CONVICTION AND REMOVAL
• CHIEF JUSTICE OF SUPREME COURT PRESIDES
![Page 20: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
IMPEACHMENTS
• 2 PRESIDENTS ENDURED PROCESS:
• 1. ANDREW JOHNSON 1868
• NOT CONVICTED BY 1 VOTE
• 2. WILLIAM CLINTON 1999
• NOT CONVICTED
• ***RICHARD NIXON WOULD HAVE BEEN IMPEACHED, BUT RESIGNED
![Page 21: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
POWERS, CON’T.
• 8. CONFIRMATION POWER
• SENATE MUST CONFIRM ALL PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTEES FOR FEDERAL POSITIONS AND HIGH OFFICES
• CABINET
• MILITARY
• SUPREME COURT
![Page 22: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CONGRESS HAS $$$ POWER TOO…
• 1. TAXING AND SPENDING
• EX. PERSONAL INCOME TAX
• DEATH TAX ON INHERITANCE
• NO GOV’T AGENCY CAN SPEND $$ WITHOUT CONGRESSIONAL OK
![Page 23: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
WAYS CONGRESS MANAGES $$
1. REVENUE BILLS
• MUST BEGIN IN HOUSE-MOVE TO SENATE
• MEANS LARGE STATES CANNOT IMPOSE HIGH TAX ON SMALL STATES OR VICE-VERSA
2. APPROPRIATIONS BILLS
• PROPOSED LAWS TO AUTHORIZE SPENDING $$
• USUALLY COMES FROM PRESIDENT’S PROPOSED BUDGET
![Page 24: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
$$$, CON’T.
3. REGULATORY POWER
• CONGRESS REQUIRES AGENCIES AND ENTITIES TO FOLLOW CERTAIN RULES FOR CONTINUED $$
4. SIN TAX
• CONGRESS TAXES BEHAVIORS
• ALCOHOL
• TOBACCO
• TO DISCOURAGE THEIR USE
![Page 25: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
$$$, CON’T.
• 5. REGULATION OF ECONOMY
• CONGRESS RAISE OR CUT $$ TO STIMULATE OR SLOW ECONOMY
• CAN GIVE TAXPAYERS MORE $$ TO SPEND IF THEY LOWER TAXES
• TO SLOW ECONOMY, CONGRESS RAISE TAXES
![Page 26: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
CONGRESS MAY BORROW $$$ FROM PEOPLE
(NATIONAL DEBT)
• TODAY’S NATIONAL DEBT IS $17 TRILLION
• HELPS PAY FOR COST OF RUNNING GOVERNMENT
• MOST COMMON FORM OF BORROW IS SELLING US BONDS (CHINA BUYS A LOT)
• SELL TREASURY NOTES ALSO ( LOAN TO GOVERNMENT WITH PROMISE OF REPAYMENT + INTEREST)
• GOVERNMENT BUYS T-NOTES BACK LATER
• USUALLY IN 3 MONTHS, COULD BE UP TO 30 YEARS
![Page 27: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CONGRESS CONTROLS $$$• 1. COINS $$
• ONLY 1 AUTHORIZED TO PRINT $$ (MINT)
• MUST BE “LEGAL TENDER” – ACCEPTABLE ALL US STATES/TERRITORIES
• 2. PUNISHES COUNTERFEITERS
• SECRET SERVICE PUNISHES ANYONE WHO TRIES TO PRINT $$
• 3. REGULATES BANKRUPTCIES
• LEGAL PROCEEDING TO AVOID BILLS
• ALL CASES MUST BE HELD IN FEDERAL COURT
• OKLAHOMA HAS 2: MUSKOGEE AND LAWTON
![Page 28: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT• 4. OVERSIGHT: THE POWER TO OBSERVE AND CORRECT
BEHAVIOR OR ACTION
• CONGRESS HAS INVESTIGATED WRONGDOING WITHIN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH: FROM BOTTOM TO THE TOP
• SUBPOENA: LEGAL ORDER COMMANDS SOMEONE TO APPEAR IN COURT
• ANYONE OVER 18 CAN SERVE SUBPOENA
• FAILURE TO APPEAR CAN GET YOU ARRESTED
• (BENCH WARRANT)
• YOU CAN GET JAIL OR FINED
![Page 29: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
RULES FOR SUBPOENA
• TRAVEL EXPENSES MUST BE PAID FOR WITNESS
• EITHER SIDE OF CASE MAY SUBPOENA A WITNESS
• RECORDS MAY BE REQUESTED ALSO
• CELL PHONES, BILLS, OR OTHER DOCUMENTS
• SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM
![Page 30: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
TESTIFY???
• GIVING SWORN TESTIMONY
• MUST ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
• FACE OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE CHARGES
• MUST BE TRUTHFUL
• IF NOT, YOU CAN BE TRIED FOR PERJURY
• (LYING ON WITNESS STAND)
![Page 31: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
INVESTIGATIONS
• CONGRESS: Congress also looked at military for wrongdoing
1st investigation: 1792General Authur St. Clair lost 367 troops
Battle against Shawnee & Miami Indians in OhioWar dept. demanded to see records
Why lose???President Washington forced them to give info up
![Page 32: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
SCANDALS…
• 19TH CENTURY:
• 1. MILITARY ACTION IN CIVIL WAR
• 2. KKK VIOLENCE AFTER CIVIL WAR
• 3. PURCHASE OF ALASKA (SEWARD’S FOLLY)
• 4. BRIBERY & EXTORTION (RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION) – PAID TO CONGRESSIONAL MEMBERS
![Page 33: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
MORE SCANDALS…
• 1923: PRES. WARRAN G. HARDING’S • ALBERT FALL (PRISON) OVER ILLEGAL LAND DEAL/GAS & OIL $$$
• 1930’S: STOCK MARKET CRASH & DEPRESSION
• 1940’S -50’S: COLD WAR
• “RED SCARE”
• MCCARTHYISM
• HOUSE UNAMERICAN COMMITTEE (HUAC)
• MODERN DAY WITCH HUNT
![Page 34: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES (4)
• 1. STANDING: PERMANENT GROUP TO OVERSEE BILLS
• 2. SELECT: TEMPORARY, TO STUDY ONE SPECIFIC ISSUE AND REPORT ON
• 3. JOINT: PERMANENT, BIPARTISAN (BOTH PARTIES) TO DISCUSS AND REPORT BACK TO HOUSE THEY REPRESENT
• 4. CONFERENCE: TEMPORARY, BIPARTISAN, TO DISCUSS AND REPORT WHEN BOTH HOUSES HAVE PASSED DIFFERENT VERSIONS OF SAME BILL
• SENATE VERSION IS CALLED “MARKED-UP”
• TO WORK ON COMPROMISE
![Page 35: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
CONGRESSIONAL STAFF (4 LEVELS)
• 1. PERSONAL: WORK DIRECTLY FOR CONGRESS-PERSON
• DUTIES VARY, # OF STAFF DEPENDS ON REP. POPULATION
• 2. COMMUNAL: WORKS FOR MANY CONGRESS-PEOPLE
• 3. ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT: LEGISLATIVE AIDES• MANAGES OFFICE, SETS SCHEDULE
• 4. LEGISLATIVE ASSISTANT:
• KEEPS LEGISLATOR INFORMED ON ALL BILLS UPCOMING
• RESEARCH AND WRITE SPEECHES
![Page 36: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
CONGRESSIONAL AGENCIES (4)
• 1. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
• 2. CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
• COORDINATE BUDGET-MAKING ARM OF CONGRESS
• STUDY PRESIDENT’S PROPOSED BUDGET (APPROVE/DENY)
• 3. GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE:
• OVERSEE ALL CONGRESSIONAL SPENDING ($$$)
• MANAGE ALL FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF ALL GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS
4. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
![Page 37: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
SENATE AT WORK
100 DESKS (SEMI-CIRCLE)
REPUBLICANS SIT ON RIGHT SIDE
DEMOCRATS SIT ON LEFT
SEPARATED BY WIDE AISLE
SENATE HAS MORE FLEXIBILITY IN RULES
SENATORS ARE ENCOURAGED TO INVESTIGATE ALL SIDES ON ANY
BILL PROPOSED
![Page 38: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
JOE BIDEN, VICE-PRESIDENT
PRESIDENT OF SENATE
DOESN’T VOTE IN SENATE UNLESS A TIE EXISTS
DOES NOT ENGAGE IN DEBATE
NOT ALWAYS PRESENT FOR SENATE MEETINGS, “PRESIDENT PRO-
TEMPORE” TAKES OVER FOR BIDEN WHEN NOT THERE
![Page 39: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
HARRY RIED, DEMOCRAT (NEVADA)
SENATE LEADER
(MAJORITY PARTY SELECTS)
PLANS THE WORK OF SENATE
SETS CALENDAR (2)
1. CALENDAR OF GENERAL ORDERS1. LISTING OF ALL BILLS SENATE WILL
HEAR
2. EXECUTIVE CALENDAR
SCHEDULE FOR ALL TREATIES AND PRES. NOMINATIONS TO HEAR
![Page 40: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
MITCH MCCONNELL, REPUBLICAN, (KENTUCKY)
MINORITY LEADER
PUTS TOGETHER ANY CRITICISM OF BILLS WRITTEN BY MEMBERS OF
MAJORITY PARTY
PROPOSES ALTERNATIVE BILLS
![Page 41: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
PATRICK LEAHY, DEMOCRAT (VERMONT)
PRESIDENT PRO-TEMPORE
SITS IN AS SENATE CHAIR WHEN BIDEN NOT THERE
![Page 42: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
CONGRESSIONAL FUN FACTS…
• REPRESENTATIVES MAKE $174,000 YEAR
• SPEAKER OF HOUSE: $223,500 : JOHN BOEHNER
• MAJORITY LEADERS (BOTH HOUSES) $193,400
• +SENATE LEADERSHIP TEAM
• FIRST FEMALE ELECTED TO CONGRESS: HATTIE CARAWAY, 1932
• FIRST FEMALE IN SENATE WAS REBECCA LATIMER FELTON, 1922 (FOR 1 DAY)
![Page 43: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
LEGISLATIVE MANEUVERS• WAYS TO BLOCK LEGISLATION: FILIBUSTER
• MOST FAMOUS JUNE 12, 1935: HUEY LONG (LA) 15 HOURS, 30 MINUTES
• READ/ANALYZED CONSTITUTION
• 1. FILIBUSTER:
• SENATORS DEFEAT A BILL BY TAKING FLOOR AND KEEP TALKING
• FOR 3 HOURS MUST TALK ABOUT BAD PARTS OF BILL, AFTER THAT CAN TALK ABOUT ANYTHING
• AUTHOR OF BILL MAY WITHDRAW IT, OR SENATE LEADER TAKES IT OFF CALENDAR
• FILIBUSTER CAN ONLY BE STOPPED BY INVOKING CLOTURE (VOTE OF SENATE)
• SPEAKER MUST STOP WITHIN 1 HOUR
![Page 44: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA
CONGRESS & PRESIDENT
RELATIONSHIP BUILT ON MUTUAL RESPECT, NOT ALWAYS ADMIRATION
PRESIDENT HAS AUTHORITY TO VETO LEGISLATION
CONGRESS HAS POWER TO OVER-RIDE PRESIDENT’S VETO
2/3 BOTH HOUSES OF CONGRESS MUST VOTE FOR OVER-RIDE
(1789-2004 ONLY HAPPENED 106/1,484 TIMES)
![Page 45: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
CONGRESS & PRESIDENT
• PRESIDENT:Within 10 day period, president may send unsigned bills back to congressCongress can rewrite, try again to get presidential signature…ORPresident can:“line-item veto”; cancel any part of a bill that he dislikes
![Page 46: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
DEATH OF BILL???
• WHILE CONGRESS IN SESSION, IF BILL UNSIGNED OR SENT BACK WITHIN 10 DAYS, IT BECOMES LAW
• AFTER CONGRESS ADJOURNS (CLOSES), PRESIDENT CAN SIMPLY REFUSE TO SIGN IT (POCKET VETO)
• BECAUSE THEY’RE NOT IN SESSION, THEY HAVE NO WAY TO OVER-RIDE HIS POCKET VETO
![Page 47: CONGRESS CHAPTER 5 LEGISLATION BEGINS…. “CONGRESSPERSON” APPLIES TO ANY MEMBER OF CONGRESS MEET: JAN. 3, LASTS FOR 2 YEARS SPLIT IN 2 SESSIONS, EACH FOR](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081520/5697bfe11a28abf838cb3bd1/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
PRESIDENTS & CONGRESS• USE OF EMERGENCY POWERS,
• PRESIDENT HAS:
• “INHERENT POWERS” TO USE HERE AND ACROSS WORLD
• MOST COMMON FORM IS TO DECLARE STATE OF EMERGENCY
• CALL OUT AGENCY TO DEAL WITH
• FEMA (FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY)
• DEPT OF ARMED FORCES (MILITARY INTERVENTION)
• PRES. LINCOLN USED INHERENT POWERS (CIVIL WAR)
• PRES. F. D. ROOSEVELT CLOSED ALL BANKS (DEPRESSION)
• PRES. TRUMAN NATIONALIZED ALL US STEEL MILLS
• PRES. NIXON TOOK US OFF GOLD STANDARD
• PRES. REAGAN STOPPED AIR-TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS STRIKE