Conflicts in the Middle East

Ch 18-4

VocabularyO Anwar SadatO Golda MeirO PLOO Yasir ArafatO Camp David AccordsO IntifadaO Olso Peace Accords

Setting the StageO The Holocaust and WWII severely

diminished the Jewish populationO The movement to create a state or

Jewish Homeland, gained support following the war

O The site for this Jewish Homeland was designated in the Middle EastO Mostly Arab region

Israel Becomes a StateO Jewish claims to the land goes back

3,000 yearsO Palestinians claims go back to when

the Jews were mostly driven out in A.D. 135

O Jews forced out of the area were unable to found their own country

O Diaspora: The global dispersal of Jews

Movement Back to Israel

O In the 19th-20th centuries, Jews started to move back to the region.O Known as Zionists: People who

favored a Jewish homeland in Palestine

O Following WWI, Britain oversaw Palestine until it was ready for independence

O Jews had become a growing presence in the region at this time

Balfour DeclarationO Sir Arthur Balfour (British Foreign

Secretary) promoted the idea of a Jewish Homeland in Palestine

O Balfour Declaration- also included protection for non-Jewish minorities

Post WWIIO In 1947 the United Nations voted for the

partition of Palestine into a Palestinian state and a Jewish State

O Jerusalem was to be an International CityO Partition gave the Jews 55% when they

made up 34% of populationO All Islamic countries voted against the

partitionO May 14th, 1948 David Ben Gurion

announced the creation of the state of Israel

ConflictO May 15th Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon,

Saudi Arabia, and Syria invaded IsraelO First of many Arab-Israeli wars ended in

victory for IsraelO Full scale war broke out in 1956, 1967,

and 1973O The state of Palestine never came into

being due to the fightingO Other Arab counties took parts of the

land designated for Palestine

1956 Suez CrisisO Second Arab-Israeli WarO Egypt took control of the Suez CanalO British interests/control of the canal

were threatened. O Joined with Israel and France to retake

the canalO Pressure from other countries caused

them to back offO Egypt controls the Canal

Golda Meir and Anwar Sadat

O Golda Meir-Israeli Prime MinisterO Anwar Sadat- Egyptian President

Palestine Liberation Organization

O Palestinians struggled for recognitionO PLO formed in 1964 to push for the

formation of a Palestinian StateO Yasir Arafat: PLO chairmanO Carried out attacks against Israel

Efforts at PeaceO Camp David Accords: The first signed

agreement between Israel and an Arab country-1979

O Ended 30 years of hostilitiesO Signed in the USO Gave land back to Egypt in exchange

for recognition of Israel as a state

Tensions IncreaseO Intifada: “Uprising” widespread

campaign of civil disobedienceO Boycotts, demonstrations, attacks

and rock throwing

Oslo Peace AccordsO Israel agrees to grant Palestinians

self rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank

O Difficult to keep peaceO Many people opposed the moveO In response to uprisings, Israel

moved into Palestine areas to repress militants

CurrentO In 2003 Palestinians leaders elected

their first ever Prime Minister.O Stated goal of 2 countries living in

peace with each other.O There are extremists who oppose

this. Would prefer total control.O React when peace is attempted and

assassinate and attack.

Assessment O 1. Can 2 independent states exist? Why? O 2. How can we work to create these two

states?O 3. What are some of the problems with the

two-state partition plan?O 4. Some have said that the Palestinian-

Israeli conflict represents the struggle of right against right. Explain why you agree or disagree.

O 5. On page 586 Read the primary sources for each side. Answer the questions.