CONFLICT-SENSITIVE AND PEACE PROMOTING LOCAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNNING PROCESS

Peace and Development is a governance framework that accentuate the importance of peace as a prelude to development and a development as a key element in attaining peace. Theoretically, there is such a causal relationship of both; that implies, there is no development without peace and there is no peace without development. Whichever comes first the two are necessary in governance .

Good governance is an important peacebuilding element.

Key attributes of good governance are: transparency, responsibility, accountability, participation, responsiveness (to the needs of the people).

(Resolution 2000/64 UN Commission on Human Rights)

A Holistic Understanding of a Culture of Peace (Flower diagram)Dismantling the Culture of War Living with compassion and justice Nurturing inner peace Living in harmony with the earth Promoting human rights & responsibilities Building cultural respect, reconciliation and solidarity

The Paths are Inter-related

Rethink development policies & agenda: Mainstream Culture of Peace (CoP) in Local Planning

Fill in the gaps between promises and action

Conflict resolutions education: Safe & Caring schools, families, communities

Live simply so others may live

What are the sectors current realities?Farmers/fisherfolks;Indigenous peoples;Women;Children;Urban poor; Others

What are the root causes of their current realities?

What are the strategies/courses of action to address the sectors marginalization.

Is a means of assessing the ways in which an intervention may affect, or has affected, the dynamics of peace or conflict in a conflict- prone community.

PCIA is a process, not an add-on or a single-use tool

Help us to understand the specific rather than the general;

Not static;

Needs to be transparent, shared and people-centered;

Its all about ownership, control and capacity

Haste makes waste

Neither development nor peacebuilding on their own will not magically create peacePCIA GUIDING PRINCIPLES

Conflict Analysis/Mapping

Risk and Opportunity Assessment (ROA)

Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment (PCIA)

CONFLICT ENERGY

Like Fire

Can be negativeCan be positive

A practical process of examining and understanding the reality of conflict from a variety of perspectives.

To understand the background and history of the situation as well as current events

To identify all the relevant groups involved

To understand the perspectives of all these groups and to know more about how they relate to each other

To identify the factors and trends that underpin conflicts

To learn from failures as well as successes

ROA vs. PCIA

PHASE OF INITIATIVE/PROJECTHOW IS PCIA USED?OBJECTIVESPre - InitiativePlanning Tool for Initiative Design and FormulationAnticipating/guesstimnating future impacts; contingency planning; conflict mitigationIn-initiativePerformance Monitoring and Management ToolMonitoring immediate impacts; risk management; staff participant securityPost-InitiativeStrategic Planning for future phases or future initiativesEvaluation, institutional learning, capacity building, mainstreaming PCIA

STEPSQUESTIONS TO ASKDrafting vision for the LGU

Data gathering on local realities for selected date or key local development indicators (Conflict Mapping)

Does the vision reflects an awareness of peace values and aspirations?

How does it described the state of peace that is desired?

What are the types & stages of conflict being experience in the area?

Is there competition of resources? What resources? Who are the interested groups?

Is there a conflict management and conflict resolution mechanisms in place?

STEPSQUESTIONS TO ASK3. Identifying gaps between vision and reality that needs to be addressed by CLUP/CDPWhat are the possible impacts of location on the proposed CLUP/CDP?

How might the timing of the proposed plans affect its chances of success

How might the changing political context affect the proposed plans?

What are the possible impact of the conflict on the proposed plan?

What socio-eco factors that might affect the proposed plan?

Are there other factors that might affect the proposed plans?

STEPSQUESTIONS TO ASK4. Goals and Objectives FormulationWhat are the possible impacts of location of the proposed P/P/As?

How might the timing of the proposed P/P/As affect its chances of success?

How might the changing political context affect the proposed P/P/As?

What are the possible impact of the conflict on the proposed P/P/As?

What socio-eco factors that might affect the proposed P/P/As?

Are there other factors that might affect the proposed P/P/As?

STEPSQUESTIONS TO ASK5. Plan & Budget Approval 6. Finalization of priority projects by LDC

7. Submission to sanggunian

8. Approval by the sangguniangWill the proposed P/P/As provide opportunities for individuals/groups to get involved in responding to peace building efforts?

Will the proposed P/P/As affect the peoples sense of security positively/negatively? How?

Can the benefits be broadly or fairly distributed?

Will there be real improvements in the political, economic, physical and food security among men and women?

Will the proposed P/P/As helps or hinder the strengthening of the relationship among stakeholders in the LGU? How?

What will be the impacts of P/P/As on the political structures/processes?

STEPSQUESTIONS TO ASKWhat will be the impact of the P/P/As on the human rights conditions within the LGU?

Will the proposed P/P/As contribute to or distract from efforts to reconstruct damage economic and social infrastructure?

Will the proposed P/P/As address the unequal distribution of wealth?

Will the proposed P/P/As create or support equity and justice?

Will the proposed P/P/As contribute to positive communication or interaction?

Government policies and programs affect the peace and conflict situation in an area

LGUs play a crucial role in peace work with mandates emanating from the Comprehensive Peace Plan of the national government and the LGU mandate in maintaining peace and order

LGU activities have a strong potential to positively contribute to peace. On the other hand, LGU projects can inadvertently create conflict by increasing competition for scarce resources or increasing inequities in service delivery

PCIA will enable the LGU to anticipate, monitor and evaluate the impact of their interventions on peace and conflict.

Insufficient understanding of the concepts of peace work beyond the traditional mindset of peace, equating it with peace and order and policing;

Usual assumption that development automatically brings peace;

Lack or absence of technical skill, resources, authority for conflict resolution or to integrate peace and conflict consideration into local legislation and development programs;

LGU initiatives can contribute to conflict;

Political dynamics brought about by patronage politics as well as incompatible goals, interests and processes, traditional leaderships of elected officials; and

Maximizing the role of peace and order councils/committee in peace work

Development is inevitably conflictual, destabilizing and subversive because it challenges existing political, economic, and social power structures that stop individuals and groups from attaining their full potential.

Thank You

PCIA should certainly be embedded in projects located in hot war zones. However, they should also apply to initiatives in a far wide range of conflict-prone settings that is, places where there is a risk that non-violent conflict may turn (or return) to violence.

CONSIDERED WAR ZONES OR CONFLICT-PRONE AREAS:

where the control over, or use of territory or resources is disputed

where the socio-economic gap between groups is increasing

where unemployment is rising while living standards and man security are declining

Violent usually militarized conflict is taking place, or has taken place (conflict zones, post-conflict settings, transitional settings)

Competition over scarce resources (such as: water, agricultural land, and fish; grazing lands; access to education, public employment, or housing) Absence of effective conflict management and resolution mechanisms

More than one group claims the right to have, govern, or use the same piece of land

Competition or disagreement over the allocation of the benefits of newly discovered resources (oil, diamonds, strategic minerals, etc.)

Unresolved socio-economic tensions (e.g., workers vs plantation owners; labourers vs land owners; unemployed vs corrupt government officials

A feeling by a group (or groups) that they have been "wronged" or exploited, and, possibly, the presence of a leader who is trying to use this feeling to fight for "justice." Or, the absence of a leader able to harness dissent constructively

***How Development can Create Conflict

By increasing socio-economic inequalities or fueling the belief that such inequalities are increasing (where the socio-economic gap between groups is increasing )

By benefiting certain groups more than others (where the control over, or use of territory or resources is disputed)

By increasing competition for development resources & political control

By introducing new structures & institutions that challenge existing ones (social, political or economic) - where unemployment is rising while living standards and man security are declining

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