confined space entry · confined space entry environmetal safety & health - safety center....

34
1 Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center

Upload: others

Post on 23-Aug-2020

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

1Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space EntryConfined Space Entry

Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center

Page 2: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

2Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space EntryConfined Space Entry

Why are we here?

OSHA and this company require that all employees whomust enter into confined spaces receive training as to thehazards, procedures and equipment required to do sosafely.

Page 3: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

3Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space EntryConfined Space EntryDefinitions:

The entrant is the person who enters a confined space.

The attendant is the person who stays with the entrantoutside the confined space, and is responsible for assistingthe entrant in exiting the confined space, and calling foremergency assistance when required.

The safety representative is the qualified person whoevaluates the hazards, prescribes required equipmentand precautions and issues the Confined Space Entry Permit.

Page 4: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

4Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space EntryConfined Space EntryGoals and Objectives:

At the end of this session you will:

o be familiar with the hazards and requirementsof “safe” confined space entry.

o pass a 10 question quiz with a score of 100%.

Page 5: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

5Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazards

Both animal and plant liferequire oxygen to live. One of theprimary hazards of enteringconfined spaces is oxygendeficiency.

When oxygen is present inconcentrations less than 19.5%the atmosphere is said to beoxygen deficient.

O2

O2

Page 6: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

6Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazardsOxygen can also be presentin concentrations that aretoo high.

Oxygen in concentrationsgreater than 23% is toooxygen rich and can causecombustible materials to ignite very quickly.

Page 7: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

7Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazardsOxygen deficiency can be caused by severalprocesses:

Consumption: oxygen is used up by the person who is in theconfined space and turned into carbondioxide.

Displacement: denser materials push the oxygen out ofthe occupied space.

Reaction: oxygen is reacted with other materialsto make other compounds.

Page 8: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

8Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazards

The human body requiresoxygen to carry out cellularmetabolism. Oxygen isbrought in through the lungsand transported to cells ofbody organs by the redblood cells. When blood isrich in oxygen it turns red.

O2CO2After oxygen is deliveredto body organs and usedby organ cells, it reactswith carbon to makecarbon dioxide. Redblood cells carryingcarbon dioxide turnblue. Carbon dioxide iscarried back to the lungsby the red blood cellsand exhaled into the surrounding atmosphere.

Page 9: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

9Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazards

CO2

O2Given a fixed amount of oxygenas you would have in a confinedspace, respiration of oxygencauses carbon dioxide toincrease. When oxygendecreases to less than 19.5%.the atmosphere is said to be oxygendeficient, putting occupants of the confined space at risk oflosing consciousness and death.

Page 10: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

10Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazardsProcesses which operate by theprinciple of combustion use upoxygen much faster than thehuman respiration.

Products of combustion varywith the fuel that is present andthe temperature of the combustionreaction. Welding, burning natural gas, propane, gasoline, and diesel engines are examples of combustion processes.

CO2H20

NOx

CO

O2fuel

Page 11: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

11Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazards

Manholes often remaincovered for long periodsof time. Naturally occurring toxins, suchas hydrogen sulfidecan accumulate inside ofmanholes.

H2S

Manholes may alsoaccumulate highlyflammable gassessuch as methaneand ethane. Unlikethe gas we receive athome, we cannot detectsome of these gases withour sense of smell.

CH4

Page 12: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

12Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazards

Toxic and flammablematerials are sometimesillegally put into sanitaryand storm sewers.Leaking tanks or spillsmay migrate underground causing seepageinto manholes.

??

??

????

Material can leachthrough soil frommany milesaway.

??

Page 13: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

13Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazards

Sudden releases offluid solids, such asgranulated salt, sugar,or sand, liquids, anddense gases can causeengulfment of personsinside undergroundtanks, or pits.

When torrential forcesare suddenly released,people may be struckby moving objects , or be pushed helplessly downstream.

Page 14: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

14Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazards

Trenches, ravines and otherexcavations may alsobe considered confinedspaces, if there is apotential for accumulationof toxic gases, engulfmentand/or the depletion ofoxygen.

?

Page 15: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

15Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazardsMany confined spaceentries involve acomplex set of exposuresto mechanical, electrical,pressure and chemicalhazards.

Page 16: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

16Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space EntryConfined Space EntryThe entry of a confined space begins with aConfined Space Entry Permit.

Confined Space Entry Permit

Location and Description of Confined Space:

Reason for Entry:

Permit Issued to (Name of Company/Organization):

Confined Space Entry Permit

Location and Description of Confined Space:

Reason for Entry:

Permit Issued to (Name of Company/Organization):

The permit system requiresthat a qualified safetyrepresentative visit thework location and evaluatethe conditions under whichentry will be made.

Page 17: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

17Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space EntryConfined Space EntryEach process hazard to whichthe entrant may be exposed,adjacent operations or processes,and scheduled activityare reviewed. For each hazardidentified, countermeasuresare detailed on the ConfinedSpace Entry Permit.

Page 18: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

18Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space EntryConfined Space EntryThe safety representativetests the space for hazardous concentrations of known harmful substances, such as hydrogen sulfide,carbon monoxide, and flammable liquid or gas.The concentrationof oxygen is measuredat the same time.

Page 19: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

19Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazards

If concentrations ofmaterials are found tobe at harmful levels,the confined spacemust be ventilated toremove them beforeentry.

??

??

??

??

Fresh Air

Fresh outsideair is blown intothe space to diluteand removecontaminants, andsupply oxygen.

Fresh outsideair is blown intothe space to diluteand removecontaminants, andsupply oxygen.

O2 O2

O2

O2

Page 20: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

20Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- HazardsHazards

Should the concentrationof contaminants remainat harmful levels,respirators may have tobe worn to assure a safeair supply.

Should the concentrationof contaminants remainat harmful levels,respirators may have tobe worn to assure a safeair supply.

??

??

??

Fresh Air

O2 O2

O2

O2

??

Page 21: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

21Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space EntryConfined Space EntryMeans of emergency rescuemust be readily availableto the confined spaceentry attendant for emergency extrication ofentrants.

Page 22: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

22Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Confined Space EntrySpace Entry

A means must be providedfor both safe normal entryor exit , and emergencyextrication. Tripods with hoist,lifeline, and full body harnessare often used for emergencyextrication. Ladders may beused for ordinary entry andexit.

Page 23: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

23Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Confined Space EntrySpace Entry

Barriers to prevent passers-byand the curious from fallinginto the opening must be putin place.

Holes and openings must beclosed or guarded when notattended.

Page 24: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

24Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Confined Space EntrySpace Entry

Place warning signs wherepedestrians can see them.

Signs must state the hazardand the required action.

CAUTIONOpening in Ground

Keep Out !

Page 25: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

25Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space EntryConfined Space EntryConfined Space Entry Permit

Requirements

Eye protection yes noRespiratory protection yes noContinuous Ventilation yes noBody Protection yes noHand Protection yes noFoot Protection yes noWeather Protection yes no

Confined Space Entry Permit

Requirements

Eye protection yes noRespiratory protection yes noContinuous Ventilation yes noBody Protection yes noHand Protection yes noFoot Protection yes noWeather Protection yes no

Required countermeasures includepersonal protective equipmentfor hazards expected to be foundwithin the confined space.

Eye and head injuries are alwaysa potential, therefore safety glassesand hard hats are required wearfor entrants.

Other conditions may require theuse of respirators, safety shoes,protective gloves, and otherpersonal protective equipment.

Page 26: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

26Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

o

Danger

Do not use!

o

Danger

Do not use!

Confined Space EntryConfined Space EntryConfined Space Entry Permit

Requirements

Ground Fault Interruption yes noLockout of HazardousEnergy Sources yes no

Confined Space Entry Permit

Requirements

Ground Fault Interruption yes noLockout of HazardousEnergy Sources yes no

Required countermeasures alsoinclude prevention of electricalshock hazards due to loss of earth ground for portable tools.GFCI’s are required for portableelectric tooling.

There may also be a need tolockout and tag equipment bothin the confined space and onadjacent equipment and processes.

Page 27: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

27Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space EntryConfined Space Entry

H2S

HCN

Entrants must leave theconfined space when themonitor alarm is activated.

It is the attendant’sresponsibility to see that the entrant leaves thespace during an alarm.

Entrants must leave theconfined space when themonitor alarm is activated.

It is the attendant’sresponsibility to see that the entrant leaves thespace during an alarm.CH4

CO

CO2

O2

Entrants must constantly monitorthe confined space for toxic gases,oxygen, and combustible gases.Entrants will be issued a personalmonitor to wearfor thispurpose.

Page 28: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

28Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space EntryConfined Space EntryShould conditions developwhich require extrication,and the entrant cannotget out of the confined space on their own,the attendant mustcall for emergencyassistance at once!

Should conditions developwhich require extrication,and the entrant cannotget out of the confined space on their own,the attendant mustcall for emergencyassistance at once!

Page 29: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

29Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space EntryConfined Space Entry

The attendant shouldattempt to remove theentrant from the confinedspace using tripods, hoist, andlifelines. Attendants are NOT TO ENTER CONFINEDSPACES. Lethal hazards maybe present within the confinedspace. Only properly equippedand trained emergency rescuepersonnel may enter confinedspaces to make rescues.

The attendant shouldattempt to remove theentrant from the confinedspace using tripods, hoist, andlifelines. Attendants are NOT TO ENTER CONFINEDSPACES. Lethal hazards maybe present within the confinedspace. Only properly equippedand trained emergency rescuepersonnel may enter confinedspaces to make rescues.

Page 30: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

30Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- SummarySummary

Confined space entry hazards can include:

- the presence of toxic substances- insufficient oxygen, or too much oxygen- engulfment- presence of combustible gases and liquids- process or equipment related hazards.- conditions changing from nonhazardous

to hazardous.

Page 31: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

31Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry -- SummarySummaryConfined Space Entry Permit

Location and description of confined space:Reason for entry:Permit issued to:Supervisor’s Name:Attendant’s name:Permit issuer’s name:% oxygen: % lower explosive limit: ppm CO: H2S:

Requirements

Emergency Rescuer yes noContinuous Gas Monitor yes noBarrier for ground openings yes noWarning Signs yes noSafety Harness withlife line yes noTripod / Hoist / Pulley yes noAccess (ladders/other)yes noEye protection yes noRespiratory protectionyes noContinuous Ventilation yes noBody Protection yes noHand Protection yes noFoot Protection yes noWeather Protection yes noGround Fault CircuitInterrupters yes noLockout of HazardousEnergy yes no

Confined Space Entry Permit

Location and description of confined space:Reason for entry:Permit issued to:Supervisor’s Name:Attendant’s name:Permit issuer’s name:% oxygen: % lower explosive limit: ppm CO: H2S:

Requirements

Emergency Rescuer yes noContinuous Gas Monitor yes noBarrier for ground openings yes noWarning Signs yes noSafety Harness withlife line yes noTripod / Hoist / Pulley yes noAccess (ladders/other)yes noEye protection yes noRespiratory protectionyes noContinuous Ventilation yes noBody Protection yes noHand Protection yes noFoot Protection yes noWeather Protection yes noGround Fault CircuitInterrupters yes noLockout of HazardousEnergy yes no

Required countermeasures aredetermined by a qualified safetyprofessional.

Once the required countermeasuresare in place, a permit is issued bythe safety representative and theconfined space may be safelyentered.

Should an emergency arise duringthe entry, the attendant notifiesan emergency response team andattempts to extricate the entrant.

Page 32: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

32Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Confined Space Entry Confined Space Entry --SummarySummary

Confined Space

Safe Work Permit Required

CAUTION

Confined spaces are required to be labeled. Some spacesmay have been overlooked. Contact your safety representativewhen in doubt. It is up to you to obey signs and to followpermit procedures before entry.

Page 33: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

33Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

Where to Get Help?Where to Get Help?The supervisor of a confined space entry should be contactedfor any equipment necessary to complete the task at hand.

Safety Representatives are responsible for answering questionsabout the confined space entry permit, countermeasures,sampling methods, and instrumentation.

Page 34: Confined Space Entry · Confined Space Entry Environmetal Safety & Health - Safety Center. Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000 2 Confined Space Entry Why are we here? OSHA

34Author: R. Chiodi 03/21/1997 rev 04/16/2000

References and Sources forReferences and Sources forMore InformationMore Information

OSHA 29CFR 1910.146 Permit - Required Confined Spaces