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From: NOE Susan(SM) - BRUCE POWER <[email protected]>
Sent: June 28, 2019 11:28 AM
To: Torrie, Brian (CNSC/CCSN); Sigouin2, Luc (CNSC/CCSN); Poirier2, Julie (CNSC/CCSN);
Gallant, Alexis (CNSC/CCSN); Consultation (CNSC/CCSN)
Subject: CNSC Correspondence: NK21-15195 / NK29-15981 / NK37-03228 - Bruce Power
comments on draft REGDOC-2.11.1, Waste Management, Volume I: Management of
Radioactive Waste
Attachments: NK21-15195_NK29-15981_NK37-03228.pdf
Good morning,
The attached correspondence has been issued by Bruce Power and is being provided electronically for your convenience. The official hard copy of the correspondence will be provided separately.
Thank you,
Susan
Susan Noe | Business Support Representative | Licensing l B10-02E | Bruce Power | T: 519.361.2673 ext.11625
Confidentiality Notice: This e-mail and its attachments are confidential, may be privileged and are intended only for the authorized recipients of the sender. Recipient is not permitted to publish, copy, disclose or transmit the contents of this email and its attachment unless expressly authorized in writing by the sender or document author. If you have received this e-mail in error, please delete it immediately and advise the sender by return e-mail.
Bruce PowerInnovation at work
June 28, 2019
NK21 -CORR-00531 -15195NK29-CORR-00531 -15981NK37-CORR-00531 -03228
Mr. B. TorrieDirector General, Regulatory Policy DirectorateCanadian Nuclear Safety CommissionP.O. Box 1046280 Slater StreetOttawa, OntarioK1P 5S9
Dear Mr. Torrie:
Bruce Power comments on draft REGDOC-2.1 1.1,Waste Management, Volume I: Management of Radioactive Waste
The purpose of this letter is to provide Bruce Power’s comments on draft REGDOC2. 11. 1, Waste Management, Volume 1: Management of Radioactive Waste.
Following a collaborative review of the draft document with our industry peers, we havecompiled a series of detailed observations and requests for clarification in Attachment Afor the CNSC’s consideration. In general, licensees found the language in some sectionsof the draft to be either unclear or imprecise. In some areas, references were made toregulatory documents that have not yet been published and key terms were either notdefined or their definitions not included or aligned with those in REGDOC-3.6, Glossaryof CNSC Terminology.
More specifically, Bruce Power encourages the CNSC to clearly differentiate between a“waste generator” and a “waste owner” by amending the opening paragraph in Section 2to read, “Under Canada’s Radioactive Waste Policy Framework, waste owners arerequired to ensure the safe and secure management of radioactive waste and to makearrangements for its long-term management. This includes waste generated by anotherlicensee and transferred under a commercial agreement to a waste owner to process,store and dispose.”
This would clarify that radioactive waste management may be the responsibility of morethan one licensee and that robust agreements are in place to ensure it is managedsafely and securely. We believe clear, accessible language equates to improvedcompliance and public understanding of the scientific rigor that forms industry’s wastemanagement programs.
NK21-CORR-00531 -15195 Bruce Power Meury Burton, Senior Director. Regulatory Attars
NK29-CORR-00531-15981 P.O. Box 1540 BlO 2nd Floor E. Tiverton ON NOG 2T0NK37C0RR0053103228 Telephone 519-361-5291 Facsimile 519-361-4559
maury,burton a brucepowercom
2Mr. B. Torrie June 28, 2019
If you require further information or have any questions regarding this submission,please contact Steve Cannon, Senior Strategist, Regulatory Affairs, at (519)-361-6559,or [email protected].
Yours truly,
aury BurtonSenior Director, Regulatory AffairsBruce Power
cc: CNSC Bruce Site Office (Letter only)
Attach.
NK21 -CORR-00531 -15195NK29-CORR-00531 -15981NK37-CORR-00531 -03228
Attachment A
Bruce Power comments on draft REGDOC-2.11.1, Waste Management, Volume I:Management of Radioactive Waste
NK21 -CORR-00531 -15195NK29-CORR-00531 -15981NK37-CORR-00531 -03228
Bruce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Man
agem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
en
tof
Rad
ioactiv
eW
aste
Major
#S
ectionIndustry
IssueS
uggestedC
hange(if
ap
plicable)
Com
ment!
Impact
onIndustry,
if
major
com
ment
Clarification
1.G
eneralL
icenseesfound
thelanguage
insom
esections
Given
thepublic
interestin
thesubject,
industryM
AJO
RA
lackof
claritycan
inadvertentlylead
ofthe
draftR
EGD
OC
tobe
eitherunclear
orencourages
theCN
SCto
ensurethe
languageused
toto
misunderstanding
ofrequirem
ents
imprecise,
which
made
itchallenging
attim
esto
describerequirem
entsand
guidancein
futuredrafts
andthe
reasonsfor
them.
Clear,
offera
thorough,contextual
review.
Insom
eis
clearto
allinterested
readers.A
sthose
accessiblelanguage
equatesto
sections,review
ersfound
referencesto
responsiblefor
thesafe
managem
entof
radioactiveim
provedcom
plianceand
public
regulatorydocum
entsth
athave
notyet
beenw
aste,licensees
appreciatethe
scientificbasis
that
understandingof
thescientific
rigor
publishedand
alignment
torelated
documents
supportsthe
CN
SC’s
requirements
inthis
REG
DO
C.
that
forms
industry’sw
aste
suchas
IAEA
standardsto
beunclear.
InH
owever,
industryalso
appreciatesthe
needfor
thism
anagement
programs.
addition,several
keyterm
sw
ereeither
nottechnical
information
tobe
presentedin
aw
ayth
at
definedor
theirdefinitions
notincluded
oris
accessibleto
peopleof
alllevels
oftechnical
alignedw
iththose
inR
EG
DO
C-3
.6
,G
lossary
of
expertise.
CN
SC
Term
inology.
Please
seespecific
examples
inthe
tablebelow
for
areasth
atcould
beam
endedfor
clarity.
2.G
eneralT
hedraft
REG
DO
Cdoes
notclearly
distinguishT
heR
EGD
OC
shouldbe
more
specificabout
theM
AJO
RU
nclearexpectations
couldchallenge
between
facilitytypes
orthe
requirements
that
timefram
ew
henrequirem
entsapply.
Forexam
ple,com
plianceverification.
This
could
applyto
themat
varioustim
esin
theirlifecycle.
there
arem
anyreferences
to“prior
toclosure”
that
alsoinadvertently
resultin:
additional
Forcontext,
adisposal
facilitygenerally
hasthe
shouldbe
clarifiedand
there
arerequirem
entsth
atrequirem
entsbeing
appliedto
low-risk
following
lifecyclephases:
siting;construction;
shouldnot
applyto
the
post-closurephase.
facilitiesw
ithno
comm
ensurate
operation;pre-closure
monitoring;
closure;im
pacton
safety;confusion
for
decomm
issioningof
ancillaryfacilities;
post-P
leasesee
specificexam
plesin
thetable
belowfor
mem
bersof
thepublic
asto
expected
closure.H
owever,
forsom
edeep
geologicitem
sth
atcould
beam
endedfor
clarityrequirem
entsfor
facilities.
repositories(D
GR
),SSC5
will
be“closed”
duringthe
operationalphase
(e.g.,used
fuelcontainers
andplacem
entpanels)
andnot
accessibleprior
toclosure
ofthe
DG
Rand
duringthe
post
closurephase.
Applicability
ofrequirem
entsfor
these
timefram
esneed
toclear
andshould
notinadvertently
createoth
ersafety
issues.
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age
1of
15
Bruce
Po
wer
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Managem
ent,
Volu
me
I:
Managem
ent
of
Radio
active
Waste
As
percom
ment
#1,th
epurpose
ofthe
document
isunclear
ascurrently
written
andcould
gen
erateconfusion
regardingw
hichrequirem
entsor
guidanceapplies
tovarious
facilitytypes,
suchas
storageand
disposalfacilities.
Licensees
believethe
purposeshould
clearlytell
readersw
hichtype
(low,
intermediate,
orhigh-
level)radioactive
waste
tow
hichthe
guidanceapplies.
Itshould
alsorecognize
there
arevarying
opinionsand
conventionson
what
constitutesstorage
versusdisposal.
(RE
GD
OC
3.6,G
lossaryof
CN
SCT
erminology
doesnot
providefull
definitions.
Am
endto
read,“T
hepurpose
ofthis
document
isto
providerequirem
entsand
guidance:•
onradioactive
waste
managem
entapplicable
todifferent
typesof
CN
SClicensees
•related
toCSA
Group
standardsapplicable
toradioactive
waste
managem
ent•
supplemental
tospecific
topicsin
radioactivew
astem
anagement
standards.R
equirements
andguidance
will
varydepending
onthe
levelof
radioactivew
astebeing
managed
andthe
facilitytype,
suchas
storageand
disposalfacilities,
usinga
gradedapproach
comm
ensuratew
iththeir
relativerisks.”
Foradditional
clarity,definitions
ofstorage
anddisposal
facilitiesshould
beadded
toR
EG
DO
C-3.6,
Glossary
of
CN
SCT
erminology
andreferenced
inthis
REG
DO
C.
An
unclearpurpose
couldlead
toincorrect
assumptions
regardingrequirem
entsfor
facilitytype
—
storagevs
disposal.For
context,the
time
periodfor
storagefacilities
ism
easuredin
decadesas
opposedto
centuriesfor
disposalfacilities.
3.1.1
MA
JOR
4.1.2
As
percom
ment
#1,the
Scope
isnot
entirelyA
mend
the1
stsentence
toread,
“The
requirements
Clarification
clearto
allreaders.
Forinstance,
itdoes
notand
guidancein
thisdocum
entpertain
toC
NSC
alignw
ithS
ection24
ofthe
NSCA
,w
hichsays
licensedactivities
facilitics...”activities
arelicensed,
notfacilities.
Nor
doesit
definethe
term“w
astem
anagement”
orD
efinethe
terms
“waste
managem
ent”and
“endhighlight
what
the“end
goal”is
with
respectto
goal”to
ensurerequirem
entsare
clearfor
licenseesw
astem
anagement
facilities.T
hiscould
leadand
CN
SCinspectors.
licenseesto
definedifferent
“endgoals”
and,in
turn,drive
thesolutions
toaddress
waste
managem
ent.5.
1.3A
sper
comm
ent#1,
thelist
ofrelevant
Add
referencesto
theN
uclearS
ubstan
cesan
dC
larificationlegislation
isincom
plete.R
adiationD
evicesR
egulationsand
theN
uclearF
uelW
asteA
ct.
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OR
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531-03228
Page
2of
15
Bruce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Managem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
ent
of
Rad
ioactiv
eW
aste
6.2
As
percom
ment
#2,the
REG
DO
Cshould
Am
endthe
15t
paragraphto
read,“U
nderC
anada’sM
AJO
RT
hem
anagement
ofradioactive
waste
differentiatebetw
eena
‘waste
generator’and
aR
adioactiveW
astePolicy
Fram
ework
[4],w
astem
aybe
theresponsibility
ofm
ore
‘waste
owner.’
owners
arerequired
toensure
thesafe
andsecure
thanone
licensee.R
einforcingthis
in
managem
entof
radioactivew
asteand
tom
akethe
REG
DO
Cw
ouldhelp
clarifythe
arrangem
ents
forits
long-termm
anagement.
This
rolesand
responsibilitiesfor
waste
includesw
astegenerated
byan
oth
erlicensee
andgenerators
andw
asteow
ners.
transferredunder
acom
mercial
agreement
toa
waste
owner
toprocess,
storeand
dispose.”
7.2.1
As
percom
ment
#1,the
CSAstandard
forInclude
N294,
Decom
missioning
of facilities
Clarification
decomm
issioningis
missing
fromthe
listof
Containing
Nuclear
Substances.
complem
entarydocum
ents.
8.3
As
percom
ment
#1,the
definitionof
radioactiveA
mend
the1st
paragraphto
alignw
iththe
definitionM
AJO
RU
nclearexpectations
couldchallenge
waste
doesnot
alignw
ithth
atin
RE
GD
OC
3.6,of
radioactivew
astein
RE
GD
OC
-3.6com
plianceverification.
which
says“the
owner
declaresto
bew
aste”vs
“nofurther
useif
foreseen.”T
hisintroduces
aA
mend
the2
paragraphto
read,“A
llnuclear
Generation,
controland
handlingare
questionas
tow
hom
ustforesee
“nofurther
substancesassociated
with
licensedactivities
will
typicallyin-facility
activities.
use”of
thew
aste.eventually
become
radioactivew
aste.T
herefore,t
Processing
may
bein-facility
orit
may
The
safem
anagement
oft1
atw
asteis
consideredbe
contractedto
anexternal
party.
As
perC
omm
ent#2,
itis
notclear
that
thesteps
duringall
stepsof
itsm
anagement
andm
ayinvolve
Storage,
transp
ort
anddisposal
may
listedfor
them
anagement
ofradioactive
waste
severallicensees.
The
stepsinvolved
inthe
bem
anagedby
thelicensee
who
may
bethe
responsibilityof
more
thanone
managem
entof
radioactivew
astecan
include:”generated
thew
aste,but
may
alsobe
licenseeand
may
involvetran
sfers/han
doffs
managed
bya
contractedparty.
between
licensees.A
lso,the
factth
atnot
allradioactive
substancesw
illbecom
eradioactive
As
currentlyw
ritten,the
background
waste
isnot
identifiedin
thebackground.
Som
esection
potentiallylim
itsthe
abilityfor
substancesm
aysim
plydecay
away
tothe
pointw
asteto
decayto
safelevels
andbe
thew
asteis
nolonger
radioactivew
aste.treated
asnon-radioactive
waste.
9.4
The
sectionon
General
Requirem
entsis
unclearA
mend
thebullets
forclarity
inthe
following
ways:
MA
JOR
Generally,
alack
ofclarity
may
inm
anyareas.
inadvertentlylead
publicexpectations
Bullet
#1:“m
anageradioactive
waste
soas
toavoid
forlow
-levelw
asteto
bethe
same
as
Bullet
#1requires
alllicensees
tofind
long-termim
posingan
undueburden
onfuture
generations,by
that
forhigh-level
waste.
managem
entsolutions
that
“avoidim
posingan
findingsafe,
practicableand
environmentally
undueburden
onfuture
generations.”W
hileacceptable
solutionsfor
thelong-term
”Specifically,
forthe
1st
bullet,licensees
licenseesunderstand
theintent
ofthis
phrase,it
donot
havethe
authorityto
define
NK
21-CO
R-O
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IN
K29-C
OR
R-00531-15981
IN
K37-C
OR
R-00531-03228
Pag
e3
of15
Bruce
Pow
erco
mm
ents
ondraft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,W
asteM
anag
emen
t,V
olume
I:M
anag
emen
tof
Radioactive
Waste
isa
policystatem
ent
inap
pro
priately
emb
edd
edin
aR
EG
DO
C.
This
requ
iremen
tis
notpart
ofth
efederal
policyon
radioactivew
astem
anag
emen
t.
Bullet
#3need
sto
berelated
tospecific
waste
types
solicensee
andth
eC
NSC
candem
onstrate
toth
epublic
that
waste
isbeing
safelym
anag
edin
am
ann
erco
mm
ensu
ratew
ithth
epoten
tialhazard
ofth
ew
aste.
Bullet
#4is
unclearas
tow
hat
aspects
arein
terdep
end
encies
tobe
taken
inaccount
for.N
oris
itclear
if“evaluation”
refersto
CN
SCin
spectio
ns
orinternal
self-assessmen
tsby
licensees.
Bullet
#5should
notplace
the
emphasis
onth
ed
ocu
men
tation
.T
helicensee
doesnot
“implem
ent
the
docu
men
tation”
—th
eyim
plem
ent
andd
ocu
men
tth
eprogram
,pro
cedures,
etc.T
hisstatem
ent
shouldalso
pointto
guidanceon
what
isconsidered
acceptab
leas
perth
egrad
edapproach.
Bullet
#6:W
henis
con
tamin
atedm
aterialheld
insto
rage
nolonger
“useful”and
isdesig
nated
asw
aste?
Bullet
#7:T
heuse
ofO
PEX,
lessonslearned
andad
van
cesin
scienceand
technologyshould
beco
mm
ensu
ratew
ithth
erisk
associatedw
ith
Bullet
#3:C
larifyth
especific
waste
types
thisbullet
relatesto.
Bullet
#4:C
larifyw
hatasp
ectsof
interd
epen
den
ciesneed
tod
ocu
men
tedand
who
isex
pected
to“evaluate”
andby
what
means.
Am
endto
saylicensees
shouldconsider
allknow
nstep
s,but
the
integ
ration
waste
man
agem
ent
system
sshould
detailhow
interd
epen
den
ciesw
illbe
addressed
.
Bullet
#5:A
mend
toread,
“develop,d
ocu
men
tand
implem
ent
programs,
pro
cedu
resand
instructionsto
ensu
reth
esafety
ofall
waste
man
agem
ent
activitiesfor
which
they
areresponsible
com
men
surate
with
the
scaleof
the
licensedfacility
oractivity
andth
einventory.”
Bullet
#6:C
learlystate
when
con
tamin
atedm
aterialis
desig
nated
asw
aste.A
pplyth
edefinition
of“w
aste.”
Bullet
#7:A
mend
toalign
with
the
5thbullet
andread:
“useoperatio
nal
experien
ce,lessons
learnedfrom
oth
ersim
ilarfacilities
oractivities,
andad
van
cesin
scienceand
technologyin
aneffort
tocontinuously
improve
the
safetyof
the
waste
man
agem
ent
facilityor
activityco
mm
ensu
ratew
iththe
scaleof
the
licensedactivity
andth
einventory.”
Bullet
#8:A
mend
toclearly
stateth
ereq
uirem
ent
toprovide
information
isupon
request/au
dit.
“undueburden”
onfu
ture
gen
erations.
That
responsibilityrests
with
gov
ernm
ent.
Regarding
the
bullet,industry
hashad
challengesin
the
pastw
ithapplying
grad
edap
pro
aches,
which
causes
uncertain
tyin
the
licensingprocess
when
the
regulato
rdoes
not
accom
mo
date
thisapproach
forlow
-risk
activities.
Regarding
the
bullet,th
etim
eand
resources
required
toidentify
trulyrelev
ant
OPEX
,lessons
learnedand
advan
cesin
scienceand
technologyfor
licenseesw
hogen
eratelow
-levelradioactive
waste,
andare
notW
asteM
anag
emen
tF
acilities,is
notalw
aysco
mm
ensu
ratew
ithth
eim
pacton
nuclearsafety.
Agraded
appro
achw
ouldim
provethis
requirem
ent.
waste.
Ifth
erisk
isvery
low,
itshould
notbe
areq
uirem
ent
touse
“advancesin
scienceand
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age
4of
15
Bru
ce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Managem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
en
tof
Rad
ioactiv
eW
aste
technology”for
continuousim
provement.
BuIIet#8:
Reporting
requirements
arenot
well
defined!specified.
Mandatory
andperiodic
versusdiscretionary
andonly
uponrequest?
10.4
&5
Forclarity,
theG
eneralR
equirements
inS
ectionA
mend
the15tsentence
inS
ection4
toread,
“All
MA
JOR
The
managem
entof
radioactivew
aste
4and
requirements
inS
ection5
onthe
Waste
licenseesw
hom
anageradioactive
waste
theym
aybe
theresponsibility
ofm
ore
Managem
entP
rogramshould
includethe
gen
erateor
assume
ownership
forshall:”
thanone
licensee.R
einforcingthis
in
option/abilityof
alicensed
waste
gen
erator
tothe
REG
DO
Chelps
clarifythe
rolesand
contractually(com
mercially)
engagethe
servicesA
mend
the1
5tparagraph
ofS
ection5
toread,
“The
responsibilitiesfor
waste
gen
erators
ofoth
erlicensed
partiesto
transport,process,
licenseeshall
developand
implem
enta
waste
andw
asteow
ners.
storeand
disposeof
radioactivew
aste.T
hem
anagement
programto
controlthe
managem
ent
contractualarran
gem
ent
might,
insom
eof
radioactivew
astew
hereit
isgenerated,
handled,
instances,involve
thetransfer
ofcare
&custody,
processed,stored,
transp
orted
ordisposed
of.
orof
title,to
certainw
aste;i.e.
achange
waste
Licensees
may
contractuallyengage
anoth
erlicensed
ownership
&going
forward
responsibility,party
tocarry
outsom
eor
allof
theseactivities.”
11.5
Facilitiesth
atrequire
aw
astem
anag
emen
tR
emove
thefirst
3-bulletsas
theyare
alreadyC
larification
programcom
plyw
ithCSA
N286-12
aspart
ofaddressed
inlicensee’s
LCHs
forM
anagement
theirlicence.
As
such,this
REG
DO
Cshould
onlyS
ystems.
capturem
anagement
systemrequirem
entsth
atare
incremental
tothe
requirements
inN
286-12A
mend
thefinal
senten
cein
thesection
toread,
“For
tom
inimize
duplicationand
inconsistenciesw
ithm
oreinform
ationon
managing
programs
generalm
anagement
systemrequirem
ents.It
managem
entsystem
s,consult
RE
GD
OC
-2.1.1,
shouldalso
beclear
that
N286
doesnot
provideM
anagement
System
[6],and
CSAN
286,
information
onhow
tom
anageprogram
s,but
Managem
entsystem
requirements
fornuclear
howto
establishan
integratedm
anagement
facilities[7].”
system.
12.5
As
percom
ment
#1,clarity
issought
forseveral
Bullet
#5A
mend
toread,
“manage
addrcssall
waste
Clarification
ofthe
bulletpoints
inthis
section.stream
sassociated
with
orpotentially
contaminated
Bullet
#5:clarify
what
ism
eantby
“addressall
bynuclear
substances”w
astestream
s.”N
otall
waste
streams
needto
beaddressed,
butthey
shouldbe
identifiedso
Bullet#6:
The
requirements
regardingthe
waste
NK
21-CO
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RR
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RR
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Pag
e5
of15
Bruce
Po
wer
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Managem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
ent
of
Radioactive
Waste
aninform
eddecision
canbe
made
toim
plement
managem
enthierarchy
needto
beclarified
eitherin
actionsw
henrequired.
thetext
orin
theglossary.
Ifthehierarchy
in7.1
isto
beaddressed
insection
5,B
ullet#6
requiresthe
licenseeto
considerthe
itshould
beclearly
stated.w
aste‘hierarchy’
butthis
isthe
firsttim
eit
ism
entionedand
theterm
isnot
defined.L
ater,S
ection7.1
listsfour
items
inthe
‘hierarchy’(prevent
generation,reduce
volume
andradioactivity
content,reuse
andrecycle,
dispose).13.
6.1A
sper
comm
ent#1,
thesection
onw
asteA
mend
the2nd
sentenceof
the1st
paragraphto
MA
JOR
Alack
ofclarity
caninadvertently
leadclassification
isnot
clearor
consistent.For
read,“W
hereappropriate,
Tthe
classificationsystem
tom
isunderstandingof
requirements
example:
shallbe
basedon
thespecific
safetycase
andsafety
andthe
reasonsfor
themby
licensees,assessm
entrequired
forthe
waste
managem
entthe
regulatorand
thepublic.
.H
istorically,not
allw
astem
anagement
facilityor
activity.facilities
haverequired
safetyassessm
ents.For
thissection,
itm
ayresult
inIs
thisphrase
beingused
generically?A
mend
4thbullet
toread,
“Due
toits
long-livedlicensee’s
developingunique
.T
he4’
bulletis
apotentially
misleading
orradionuclides,
LWgcncrally
may
requirea
higherclassifications
andunintended
biasingstatem
ent.
There
arecurrent
planslevel
ofcontainm
entand
isolationthan
canbe
confusionw
hendiscussing
waste.
Ifto
placeILW
inaboveground
mounds.
providedin
nearsurface
repositories.“
potentialm
anag
emen
tand
disposal.
Does
the5
thbullet
consideracid
rockapproaches
areto
becited,
thisdrainage
andthe
needfor
subaqueousA
mend
the5th
bulletto
read,“In
gen
crl,L
ong-termdocum
entshould
doso
forall
typesof
disposal?S
ubaqueousdisposal
hasbeen
managem
entin
near-surfacefacilities
adjacentto
waste.
Currently,
itonly
providesthis
employed
atE
lliottLake.
Also,
hasth
erem
inesand
mills
isthc
onlyone
ofthe
more
practicalinform
ationfor
some
ofthe
waste
beenno
backfillingof
undergrounduranium
optionsfor
thesew
astes,given
thelarge
volumes
oftypes.
mines
inC
anada?w
astegen
eratedin
mining
andm
illingoperations.
.T
hecurrent
wording
doesnot
providesufficient
guidanceas
tothe
rangeof
factorsIndustry
suggeststhis
sectionshould
listfactors
liketh
atshould
beconsidered
when
determining
waste
form(solid,
liquid,gas
etc.)th
atshould
becontainm
entand
isolationrequirem
ents,considered
when
determining
thedegree
ofw
hichm
aylead
toinappropriate
containment
andisolation.
requirements.
•T
hesection
doesnot
make
itclear
who
Itshould
alsoclarify
who
classifiesw
asteand
addto
classifiesthe
waste.
Canada
alreadyhas
fourthe
definitionof
ILWeg
>2m
Sv/hr
nearcontact.
NK
21-C
OR
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OR
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age
6of
15
Bru
ce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Man
agem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Managem
ent
of
Rad
io
activ
eW
aste
As
percom
ment
#1,there
isan
opportunityto
clarifythe
languageand
intentof
the15t
paragraph.
Am
endthe
15t
paragraphto
read,“T
helicensee
shall
performw
astecharacterization
atthe
variousap
pro
priate
step(s)for-4w
them
anagement
of
radioactivew
astethe
specificradioactive
waste.
Waste
characterizationshall
includeassessing
the
physical,m
echanical,chem
ical,biological,
thermal
and
/or
radiologicalproperties
ofthe
waste
material,
asapplicable.
Thc
licenseem
ustjustify
tothe
CNSC
theaspects
that
donot
apply.T
helicensee
shallm
aintaindetailed
recordsof
thecharacterization
performed.”
As
written,
thefirst
requirement
hasno
clearpurpose.
Clarity
isneeded
asto
why
thecharacterization
isperform
edand
atw
hatstage(s)
thecharacterization
shouldbe
performed.
As
written,
thism
ayresult
incharacterization
beingundertaken
when
notrequired
and/o
rcharacterization
notbeing
performed
when
required.In
the3”
sentence,by
default,aspects
that
donot
applyw
illbe
ruledout
duringthe
varioussteps
ofthe
characterizationsand
recordedin
detail.A
sw
ritten,licensees
arebeing
askedto
provea
negative,w
hichis
notclear
direction.T
hispassage
alsoraises
aseries
ofunintended
questions:A
tw
hatstage(s)
ofthe
fulllife
cyclew
astem
anagement
processis
documented
waste
characterizationapplicable?
Ifit
isprim
arilyfor
longterm
storageand
disposal,the
requirement
isim
posedupon
agen
erator
bythe
serviceprovider
ofw
astestorage
anddisposal
services.W
hatexactly
arethe
requirements
for
14.6.2
main
waste
classifications,but
theR
EGD
OC
indicateslicensees
shouldclassify
thew
aste.
.In
some
casespotential
“disposal”solutions
arepresented.
Inothers,
theyare
not.•
There
isno
referencefor
sourceof
radioactivew
asteclasses
anda
lackof
clarityon_the_definition_of_L
W.
MA
JOR
NK
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OR
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age7
of15
Bruce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Man
agem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
ag
em
en
tof
Radio
active
Waste
satisfactory
characterizatio
nof
waste?
Are
the
requ
iremen
tsuniversal
andstan
dard
izedacross
the
industry,or
areth
eyvariable
bygen
erator
/
serviceprovider.
15.6.3
This
entire
sectionon
WA
Cis
onlyapplicable
toM
oveS
ection6.3
tonew
subsectio
ns
inS
ections9
Clarification
Waste
Storage
Facilities,
orW
asteD
isposaland
10.F
acilities.A
sper
Section
1.2(S
cope),th
een
tiretyof
Section
6is
applicableto
alllicensees
that
havea
waste
man
agem
ent
program.
16.6.3
The
l’paragraph
isin
com
plete
asw
rittenw
ithA
mend
toread,
“Forw
asteit
gen
eratesor
forw
hichM
AJO
RW
herea
licensee(w
asteg
enerato
r)regard
tow
asteow
nersh
ipand
gen
eration
.it
assum
esow
nership,th
elicensee
shalldevelop
engag
esth
eservice
ofan
oth
erw
asteaccep
tance
criteria,co
nsisten
tw
ithand
licenseeto
accept,
process,sto
reand
Also,
there
isno
needto
include“u
npack
aged
derivedfrom
the
safetycase
andsafety
assessmen
t.dispose
ofw
aste,th
eservice
providingw
aste.”T
hisis
coveredby
“waste.”
Unpackaged
The
waste
acceptan
cecriteria
shallspecify
the
licenseeprescribes
the
waste
waste
will
beaccep
tedfor
handling,processing,
chemical,
physical,radiological,
mechanical,
acceptan
cecriteria
forboth
Routine
storag
e,tran
spo
rtan
d/o
rdisposal
atth
efacility
biologicaland
oth
erch
aracteristicsof
waste,
waste
Waste
andN
on-Routine
Waste.
orplace
ofth
eactivity.
Clarity
isalso
sought
with
forms
unpck
agcd
wte
andpackages
that
will
respect
toex
pectatio
ns
forth
eterm
“placeof
be...”activity.”
17.7.1
As
perco
mm
ent
#1,th
e2”
parag
raph
does
notC
larifyth
eo
rder
ofpreferen
ceand
amen
dth
e2
nd
Clarification
clearlystate
that
wh
atis
listedis
ino
rder
ofparag
raph
toread,
“The
licenseeshould
&a44
preferen
ceand
inap
pro
priately
links“red
uce
considerw
here
practicableth
ew
astehierarchy
involum
eand
radioactivityco
nten
t.”T
hew
ordth
em
anag
emen
tof
radioactivew
aste,including
“some”
isnot
need
ed”
inth
e3rd
parag
raph.
Itprev
ent
gen
eration
,reduce
volume,
a.n4preclu
des
the
poten
tialfor
allw
asteto
beradioactivity
conten
tcleared
inthis
man
ner.
Delete
the
word
“some”
inth
e3
rdparagraph.
18.7.3
The
sectionon
processingis
notco
mplete.
Am
endto
stateth
atany
processingof
waste
isM
AJO
RA
licensee’soptio
nto
processw
astesubject
toth
ew
asteaccep
tance
criteriaof
theparty
may
beco
nstrain
edby
itscom
mercial
licensedto
receive,sto
reand
disposeof
waste.
agreem
ent
with
anoth
erlicensee.
Any
proposalor
initiativeto
processw
aste
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8o
f15
Bru
ce
Pow
er
com
ments
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draft
RE
GD
OC
-2
.1
1.1
,W
aste
Managem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
ent
of
Radio
active
Waste
tochange
itsphysical
form,
characteristicsor
packagingis
subjectto
theo
ther
licensee’sreview
andapproval
tobe
compliant
with
prescribedw
asteacceptance
criteriafor
receipt,storage
anddisposal.
19.7.3
As
perC
omm
ent#1,
therequirem
entis
unclearD
eleteor
clarify.U
nclearhow
todem
onstrate
Clarification
inthe
firstparagraph.
What
demands?
compliance
20.7.5
As
percom
ment
#1,clarity
isneeded
forthis
Clarify.
Decay
may
notbe
until“final
disposal.”C
larification
section.L
icenseessuggest
using“disposition.”
Can
decaystorage
takeplace
atfinal
disposal,w
itha
viewof
limiting
thenum
berof
times
waste
ishandled?
Issegregation
arequirem
entor
recomm
endationw
hatis
theexpectation?
21.7.5
As
percom
ment
#2,the
sectionon
storageA
mend
toread,
“The
licenseeshall
store,or
make
Clarification
needsto
beclarified.
The
requirement
toarrangem
entsfor
thestorage
of,radioactive
waste
differentiate‘staging’
versus‘storing’
shouldbe
...“
broadened.A
san
example,
forR
outineLLW
andILW
,a
licenseecan
holdor
stagethe
waste
pendingout-of-facility
shipment.
22.7.6
The
licenseeshall
disposeof
radioactivew
asteA
mend
toread,
“The
licenseeshall
disposeof
Clarification
safely,in
am
annerth
atprovides
forthe
radioactivew
astesafely,
ina
manner
that
provides
protectionof
peopleand
theenvironm
ent,and
forthe
protectionof
peopleand
theenvironm
ent,in
accordancew
ithregulatory
requirements.
andin
accordancew
ithregulatory
requirements
atthe
time
ofthe
licenceapplication.”
23.7.6
As
percom
ment
#2,the
sectionon
disposalA
mend
toread,
“The
licenseeshall
disposeof,
orC
larification
needsto
beclarified,
make
arrangements
forthe
disposalof,
radioactivew
aste....“
NK
21-CO
RR
-00531-15195/
NK
29-CO
RR
-00531-15981/
NK
37-CO
RR
-00531-03228P
age
9of
15
Bruce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2
.1
1.1
,W
aste
Man
agem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
ent
of
Radio
active
Waste
24.8
Industryhas
concern
sw
ithth
eopening
senten
ceA
mend
the
senten
ceto
read,“T
helicensee
shallM
AJO
RN
otall
licenseesen
gin
eerth
eirow
nin
the
sectionon
Waste
Packages.
Not
alluse
engin
eeredw
astepackages
asrequired
topackages;
and
/or
notall
packagesare
contain
ersw
illbe
forsto
rage
anddisposal
asthis
containradioactive
waste
inacco
rdan
cew
ithrequired
tobe
engin
eered.
seems
toim
ply.applicable
regulations,both
duringnorm
alo
peratio
nand
inaccid
ent
conditionsof
itsin
tended
use.25.
9.1S
ayingsafety
caseand
safetyassessm
ent
isnot
Delete
“andsupporting
safetyassessm
ent”
Clarification
required
.By
maintaining
anup
todate
safetycase,
the
safetyassessm
ent
would
haveto
beup
todate.
Inaddition,
more
than
just
asafety
assessmen
tw
ouldgo
intoa
safetycase.
There
would
bem
ultiplesu
pportin
gdocu
men
tsth
atw
ouldhave
tobe
keptup
todate.
26.9.1,
10.1,10.2,
Draft
RE
GD
OC
sare
men
tioned
inth
esesections.
Cite
onlycurrently
publishedversions
ofR
EG
DO
Cs.
Clarification
10.5A
sa
matter
ofprinciple,
draft
RE
GD
OC
sshould
onlyreferen
ceo
ther
RE
GD
OC
sth
atare
currentlypublished
andnot
outfor
review.
Otherw
ise,ap
pro
ved
requ
iremen
tsm
aynot
befully
un
dersto
od
andinform
edco
mm
ents
cannot
beprovided.
27.9.3
As
perco
mm
ent
#2,this
sectionapplies
toA
mend
toread,
“The
licenseeshall
designth
enew
MA
JOR
The
executionof
additionalw
orkfor
facilitystates
that
may
notbe
applicableto
allsto
rage
facilitiesto
fulfillth
cfu
nd
amen
talapplicable
operatin
gstates
beyondth
ose
ofth
ew
astem
anag
emen
tsto
rage
facilities.T
hesafety
functionsfor
the
statesdefined
forth
efacility
analysisis
required
inth
elicenses
requ
iremen
tsshould
applyto
onlynew
facilities,during
normal
operatio
n,
anticip
atedop
erational
basis.occu
rrences,
designbasis
acciden
tsand
designextension
conditions,as
follows
28.9.4
This
shouldbe
focusedon
SSC“im
portan
tto
Specify
“SSCim
portan
tto
safety”M
AJO
RP
reventsin
creasedcom
missioning
safety.”O
ther
equ
ipm
ent
isan
operatio
nal
issuereq
uirem
ents
onsystem
sth
atare
notonly
andshould
notbe
anuclear
safetyconcern,
safetyrelated
.29.
9.4A
sper
com
men
t#1,
clarityis
soughton
the
3rd
Am
endto
read,“T
helicensee
shallverify
that
the
MA
JOR
The
phrase“conditions
ofparag
raph.
Com
missioning
requirem
ents
may
equ
ipm
ent
orSSC
sim
portan
tto
safetyperform
asau
thorizatio
n”
isnot
definedand
will
bem
etth
rough
oth
erm
eans
oth
erth
antestin
g.
perdesign
perfo
rman
cecriteria.
Upon
the
make
itdifficult
forlicensees
toW
hatare
“conditionsof
auth
orizatio
n”
andcom
pletionof
comm
issioning,th
elicensee
shallcom
plyand
CN
SCin
specto
rsto
aud
itw
here
arethey?
pro
duce
afinal
comm
issioningrep
ort.
The
repo
rtagainst.
shallprovide
assuran
ceth
atall
licenceconditions
NK
21-C
OR
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K37-C
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R-00531
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ag
e10
of
15
Bru
ce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Managem
ent,
Vo
lu
me
I:
Managem
ent
of
Radio
active
Waste
havebeen
satisfied.”docum
ent:the
asbuilt
statusof
thefacility;
thetesting
conductedw
ithevidence
tosupport
thesuccessful
completion
ofthe
testing;and,
anym
odificationsm
adeto
thefacility
orto
proceduresduring
construction.T
hereport
shallprovide
assuranceth
atall
theconditions
ofauthorization
havebeen
satisfied.
30.9.5
As
percom
ment
#1,licensees
haveconcerns
Am
endto
read,“T
helicensee
shouldm
aintain,test
Clarification
with
theclarity
ofthe
finalparagraph
onpage
8.and
inspectin
accordancew
iththe
designintent.”
thefacility
ata
frequencyth
atensures
that
thereliability
ofthe
equipment
remains
highand
that
theeffectiveness
ofthe
systems
remain
inaccordance
with
thedesign
intentfor
thefacility.
31.10
Agraded
approachcould
beapplied
tothe
Suggest
addingw
ordingto
clearlyenable
agraded
Clarification
waste
facilityin
considerationof
suchthings
asapproach
tobe
appliedbased
onw
astetype.
thew
astetype
tobe
managed
andhazards
orconsequences.
32.10.1
This
sectioncould
beclarified
ina
number
ofA
mend
to:C
larification
small
ways.
•M
akeit
clearthis
alsoincludes
Post
Closure
•A
sper
comm
ent#2,
thelicensee
shallS
afetyassessm
entsdevelop,
implem
ent,and
maintain
asafety
•C
hangefrom
“optionsfor
design”to
“design”case
andsupporting
safetyassessm
entfor
•C
hangefunction
to“barriers”
theentire
lifecycleof
aw
astem
anagement
•M
akerequirem
entm
orespecific:
SSCim
portantdisposal
facility.T
hisshould
includePost
tosafety
and“norm
al”SSC.
Closure
assessments.
•D
eletethe
4th
paragraph.•
Second
paragraph—
why
theoptions
fordesign
andnot
thedesign
itself?•
Safefacility
operationis
nota
function.•
As
percom
ment
#1,w
hatis
meant
by“classify
SSC”?
•T
he4th
paragraphis
aduplication
ofexisting
licensingprocesses
andoth
erregulatory
documents
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11of
15
Bruce
Po
wer
com
men
tson
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,W
asteM
anag
emen
t,V
olume
I:M
anag
emen
tof
Rad
ioactiv
eW
aste
33.10.1
&9.1
As
perco
mm
ent
#2,it
isunclear
ifth
ereis
aL
icenseessuggest
the
requ
iremen
tsfor
Long
Term
Clarification
differen
ceb
etween
Long
Term
Storage
anda
Waste
Man
agem
ent
beonly
specifiedin
one
place.D
isposalFacility.
Or,
additionalguidance
couldbe
added
tom
akeit
Confusingly,
bothsectio
ns
reference
draft
clearw
hat
the
differen
cesin
requ
iremen
tsfor
the
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1W
asteM
anag
emen
tV
olume
Illtw
odifferen
tfacilities
Safety
Case
for
Long
Term
Radioactive
Waste
Man
agem
ent.
34.10.2
As
currentlyw
ritten,
thissection
inap
pro
priately
Forclarity
andto
avoidconfusion,
licenseessu
ggest
Clarification
suggeststh
atonly
DG
Rs
arean
acceptab
lerem
ovingth
esecond
parag
raph.
meth
od
ofw
astedisposal.
Licensees
would
liketo
seestatem
ents
herereferring
too
ther
Foradditional
clarity,industry
believesth
ephrase
meth
ods
ofw
astedisposal,
especiallyas
earlier“long-term
waste
man
agem
ent”
shouldbe
usedsectio
ns
men
tion
near
surfaceand
interm
ediate
insteadof
“disposal”w
here
appro
priate
thro
ughout
dep
thdisposal.
This
shouldalso
describeth
edocu
men
t.an
ticipated
levelsof
detailreq
uired
forvarious
types
ofw
asteand
disposalm
ethods.
35.10.3
As
perco
mm
ent
#1,licensees
believethis
Enhance
clarityin
futu
redrafts
by:C
larificationsection
andits
bulletsare
unclearand
itsreq
uirem
ents
arevague.
Forinstance,
•M
ovingparagraph
6&
7to
the
beginningof
thisparag
raphs
6and
7do
notseem
tobe
properlysection
sequen
ced.
•E
xplicitlystating
the
bulletsrelate
todifferen
tphases
ofth
efacility’s
lifecycleand
thisis
anA
sper
com
men
t#2,
licenseesalso
believeth
eiterativ
eprocess
that
takes
placeduring
the
bulletscan
berevised
tobetter
relateto
design.differen
tphases
ofa
facility’slifecycle.
•A
mending
Bullet
#1of
the
firstbullet
listto
read,“to
beem
placedin
accord
ance
with
the
Forth
esecond
listof
bullets,som
eSSC
sw
illbe
expected
perfo
rman
ceof
the
facility.”“closed”
priorto
DG
Rclosure
(asper
com
men
t•
Am
endingB
ullet#1
ofth
esecond
listto
read,#2).
Insom
ecases,
amo
un
tsof
water
couldbe
“allows
forth
em
easurem
ent
orcalculations
ofbounded
byoth
erev
iden
ceand
calculatedas
water
insafety-significant
SSCs
priorto
closureopposed
tom
easured
.of
the
specificSSC
”•
Updating
the
secondlist
ofbullets
toonly
NK
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Pag
e12
of15
Bruce
Pow
erco
mm
ents
ond
raftR
EG
DO
C-2.11.1,
Waste
Man
agem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
ent
ofR
adioactiveW
aste
Also,
thesecond
listof
bulletsis
am
ixtureof
high-levelrequirem
entsand
specificdesign
requirements,
which
canlead
toconfusion.
The
scopeof
thefinal
paragraphneeds
tobe
more
clearlydefined
toensure
engineeringrequirem
entsand
monitoring
programs
areappropriate
andcom
mensurate
with
potentialsrisks.
As
percom
ment
#1,the
1paragraph
isunclear
andshould
focuson
SSC’s
important
tosafety,
notequipm
entof
anoperational
natureand
nota
nuclearsafety
concern.T
he15tsentence
isself-
evidentand
notneeded.
The
2nd
paragraphis
notpractical.
Ifsitepreparation
isundertaken,
thelocal
environment
will
beim
pacted.T
heim
pactof
constructionneeds
tobe
consideredand
anygeological
features
creditedby
thefacility
designm
ustbe
shown
notto
beadversely
impacted
duringconstruction.
includehigh-level
requirements.
Exam
plesof
specificrequirem
entsfor
systems
important
tosafety
canbe
cited,but
theactual
requirements
relatedto
thehazards
(i.e.the
typeof
waste,
lowlevel,
intermediate,
fueletc.)
must
beclear.
•E
nsuringthe
bulletsrefer
toradioactive
waste,
notradioactive
material
•A
mend
thefinal
paragraphto
read,“T
helicensee
shalldesign
thedisposal
facilityto
facilitatethe
inspection,m
onitoring,testing,
andm
aintenanceof
thesystem
sim
portantto
safetyfacility
andthe
elements
ofthe
hostenvironm
entth
atare
creditedin
thesafety
case.,as
applicable.T
helicensee
must
justi’
tothe
CN
SCthe
vnrc
tcth
atdo
notapply.
Forclarity:
•Specify
“SSCim
portantto
safety”
•A
mend
the15t
paragraphto
read,“T
helicensee
shallconstruct
thedisposal
facilityin
accordance
with
itsdesign.
The
licenseeshall
havesufficient
evidenceth
atthe
closuredesign
will
functionas
intendedbefore
constructionactivities
comm
ence•
Am
endthe
2sen
tence
ofthe
2,d
paragraphto
read,“T
helicensee
shouldperform
allconstruction
activitiesso
that
containment
andisolation
features
ofthe
hostenvironm
entas
creditedin
thesafety
caseare
preserved.”
•T
helicensee
shallverify
that
theequipm
entm
eetsdesign
specificationsrequirem
entsand
performcom
missioning
validationactivities
todem
onstrate
that
theequipm
entand
SSC5perform
asexpected
insupport
ofoperations.”
36.10.4
Clarification
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age
13of
15
Bruce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Managem
ent,
Volu
me
I:
Man
agem
ent
of
Radio
active
Waste
37.10.6
The
titleis
misleading.
Disposal
facilitiesare
notC
hangethe
titleto
‘Closure
andD
ecomm
issioningof
Clarification
normally
decomm
issioned.A
ncillaryand
supporta
waste
managem
entdisposal
facility’stru
ctures
neededduring
operationsare
theelem
entsth
atare
decomm
issioned.A
mend
the1
sentenceof
the2d
paragraphto
read,“T
helicensee
shallclose
thedisposal
facilityin
aw
ayT
hesecond
paragraphcan
beclarified,
that
maintains
theintegrity
ofthose
SSC5th
atperform
safetyfunctions
that
havebeen
shown
tobe
important
tosafety
inthe
a4tefpost-closure
phases.38.
10.7A
sper
comm
ent#1,
thissection
couldbe
editedA
mend
thefinal
bulletto
read,“m
aintainrecords
ofC
larificationslightly
toenhance
clarity,the
information
onthe
disposalfacility,
thesite
andthe
environment
itssurroundings
Am
endthe
finalsentence
toread,
“After
closureand
untilrem
ovalfrom
CN
SClicensing
revocationof
thelicence,
thelicensee
shallrem
ainresponsible
forsurveillance
ofthe
disposalsystem
andfor
anyrem
edialaction
that
might
berequired.
39.10.8
The
lastparagraph
states“active
controlsm
ayA
mend
toclarify
which
statemen
tis
accuratein
theC
larificationbe
followed
eventuallyby
passivecontrols,”
lastparagraph
what
requirements
applyto
them
akingthe
implem
entationof
passivecontrols
“institutionalcontrol
period.”sound
optional.H
owever,
Section
10.1says,
“The
licenseeshall
site,design,
construct,A
mend
the2d
bulletto
read,“operation
andcom
mission,
operate
andclose
thedisposal
maintenance
ofa
monitoring
systemto
providefacility
insuch
aw
ayth
atsafety
isensured
byearly
warning
ofthe
releaseof
radionuclidesw
illbe
passivem
eansto
thefullest
extentpossible”
preparedand
acceptedin
supportof
theT
hesetw
ostatem
ents
seemat
oddsw
ithone
decomm
issionlicence
beforethey
leavethe
siteanother.
boundary”
The
phrase“institutional
controlperiod”
isused
Am
endthe
3”bullet
toread,
“Replace
thisfor
thefirst
time
insection
10.8,but
itsstatem
ent
with
“Implem
entationof
activecontrols,
requirement
isunclear.
The
phraseshould
alsow
hererequired,
toprevent
unauthorizedaccess
tobe
in10.6
and10.7.
thesite.”
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age
14of
15
Bruce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2
.1
1.1
,W
aste
Managem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Managem
ent
of
Radio
active
Waste
The
2bullet’s
expectationsfor
actionsto
beR
emove
thenote
onactive
controls.
takenduring
theinstitutional
controlperiod
shouldbe
clarified.S
urfaceand
groundwater
pathways
aresite-specific
andthe
“siteboundary”
isopen
tointerpretation
andunknow
nuntil
aspecific
siteand
thefinal
repositoryare
assessed.
Inthe
3”bullet,
theuse
ofactive
controlsis
contraryto
theP
rovinceof
Saskatchew
an’sIC
programth
atis
basedon
anexpectation
that
passivecontrols
will
beused
wherever
possibleto
reducefuture
maintenance
requirements
ofa
sitein
theprogram
.T
hegoal
ofm
anydecom
missioning
plansis
toallow
futureland
usersto
have“unrestricted
accessto
thesite”.
Regarding
thenote
inthe
finalsentence
-
controllingfuture
landuse
permitting
isnot
controlledaccess.
40.G
lossaryA
sper
comm
ent#1,
there
areoth
erterm
sthat
Define:
SSC5-
System
sIm
portantto
Safety
Clarification
arenot
definedin
RE
GD
OC
-3.6th
atw
ouldbe
usefulfor
thisglossary.
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age
15of
15
Bruce PowerInnovation at work
June 28, 2019
NK21 -CORR-00531 -15195NK29-CORR-00531 -15981NK37-CORR-00531 -03228
Mr. B. TorrieDirector General, Regulatory Policy DirectorateCanadian Nuclear Safety CommissionP.O. Box 1046280 Slater StreetOttawa, OntarioK1P 5S9
Dear Mr. Torrie:
Bruce Power comments on draft REGDOC-2.1 1.1,Waste Management, Volume I: Management of Radioactive Waste
The purpose of this letter is to provide Bruce Power’s comments on draft REGDOC2. 11. 1, Waste Management, Volume 1: Management of Radioactive Waste.
Following a collaborative review of the draft document with our industry peers, we havecompiled a series of detailed observations and requests for clarification in Attachment Afor the CNSC’s consideration. In general, licensees found the language in some sectionsof the draft to be either unclear or imprecise. In some areas, references were made toregulatory documents that have not yet been published and key terms were either notdefined or their definitions not included or aligned with those in REGDOC-3.6, Glossaryof CNSC Terminology.
More specifically, Bruce Power encourages the CNSC to clearly differentiate between a“waste generator” and a “waste owner” by amending the opening paragraph in Section 2to read, “Under Canada’s Radioactive Waste Policy Framework, waste owners arerequired to ensure the safe and secure management of radioactive waste and to makearrangements for its long-term management. This includes waste generated by anotherlicensee and transferred under a commercial agreement to a waste owner to process,store and dispose.”
This would clarify that radioactive waste management may be the responsibility of morethan one licensee and that robust agreements are in place to ensure it is managedsafely and securely. We believe clear, accessible language equates to improvedcompliance and public understanding of the scientific rigor that forms industry’s wastemanagement programs.
NK21-CORR-00531 -15195 Bruce Power Meury Burton, Senior Director. Regulatory Attars
NK29-CORR-00531-15981 P.O. Box 1540 BlO 2nd Floor E. Tiverton ON NOG 2T0NK37C0RR0053103228 Telephone 519-361-5291 Facsimile 519-361-4559
maury,burton a brucepowercom
2Mr. B. Torrie June 28, 2019
If you require further information or have any questions regarding this submission,please contact Steve Cannon, Senior Strategist, Regulatory Affairs, at (519)-361-6559,or [email protected].
Yours truly,
aury BurtonSenior Director, Regulatory AffairsBruce Power
cc: CNSC Bruce Site Office (Letter only)
Attach.
NK21 -CORR-00531 -15195NK29-CORR-00531 -15981NK37-CORR-00531 -03228
Attachment A
Bruce Power comments on draft REGDOC-2.11.1, Waste Management, Volume I:Management of Radioactive Waste
NK21 -CORR-00531 -15195NK29-CORR-00531 -15981NK37-CORR-00531 -03228
Bruce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Man
agem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
en
tof
Rad
ioactiv
eW
aste
Major
#S
ectionIndustry
IssueS
uggestedC
hange(if
ap
plicable)
Com
ment!
Impact
onIndustry,
if
major
com
ment
Clarification
1.G
eneralL
icenseesfound
thelanguage
insom
esections
Given
thepublic
interestin
thesubject,
industryM
AJO
RA
lackof
claritycan
inadvertentlylead
ofthe
draftR
EGD
OC
tobe
eitherunclear
orencourages
theCN
SCto
ensurethe
languageused
toto
misunderstanding
ofrequirem
ents
imprecise,
which
made
itchallenging
attim
esto
describerequirem
entsand
guidancein
futuredrafts
andthe
reasonsfor
them.
Clear,
offera
thorough,contextual
review.
Insom
eis
clearto
allinterested
readers.A
sthose
accessiblelanguage
equatesto
sections,review
ersfound
referencesto
responsiblefor
thesafe
managem
entof
radioactiveim
provedcom
plianceand
public
regulatorydocum
entsth
athave
notyet
beenw
aste,licensees
appreciatethe
scientificbasis
that
understandingof
thescientific
rigor
publishedand
alignment
torelated
documents
supportsthe
CN
SC’s
requirements
inthis
REG
DO
C.
that
forms
industry’sw
aste
suchas
IAEA
standardsto
beunclear.
InH
owever,
industryalso
appreciatesthe
needfor
thism
anagement
programs.
addition,several
keyterm
sw
ereeither
nottechnical
information
tobe
presentedin
aw
ayth
at
definedor
theirdefinitions
notincluded
oris
accessibleto
peopleof
alllevels
oftechnical
alignedw
iththose
inR
EG
DO
C-3
.6
,G
lossary
of
expertise.
CN
SC
Term
inology.
Please
seespecific
examples
inthe
tablebelow
for
areasth
atcould
beam
endedfor
clarity.
2.G
eneralT
hedraft
REG
DO
Cdoes
notclearly
distinguishT
heR
EGD
OC
shouldbe
more
specificabout
theM
AJO
RU
nclearexpectations
couldchallenge
between
facilitytypes
orthe
requirements
that
timefram
ew
henrequirem
entsapply.
Forexam
ple,com
plianceverification.
This
could
applyto
themat
varioustim
esin
theirlifecycle.
there
arem
anyreferences
to“prior
toclosure”
that
alsoinadvertently
resultin:
additional
Forcontext,
adisposal
facilitygenerally
hasthe
shouldbe
clarifiedand
there
arerequirem
entsth
atrequirem
entsbeing
appliedto
low-risk
following
lifecyclephases:
siting;construction;
shouldnot
applyto
the
post-closurephase.
facilitiesw
ithno
comm
ensurate
operation;pre-closure
monitoring;
closure;im
pacton
safety;confusion
for
decomm
issioningof
ancillaryfacilities;
post-P
leasesee
specificexam
plesin
thetable
belowfor
mem
bersof
thepublic
asto
expected
closure.H
owever,
forsom
edeep
geologicitem
sth
atcould
beam
endedfor
clarityrequirem
entsfor
facilities.
repositories(D
GR
),SSC5
will
be“closed”
duringthe
operationalphase
(e.g.,used
fuelcontainers
andplacem
entpanels)
andnot
accessibleprior
toclosure
ofthe
DG
Rand
duringthe
post
closurephase.
Applicability
ofrequirem
entsfor
these
timefram
esneed
toclear
andshould
notinadvertently
createoth
ersafety
issues.
NK
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age
1of
15
Bruce
Po
wer
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Managem
ent,
Volu
me
I:
Managem
ent
of
Radio
active
Waste
As
percom
ment
#1,th
epurpose
ofthe
document
isunclear
ascurrently
written
andcould
gen
erateconfusion
regardingw
hichrequirem
entsor
guidanceapplies
tovarious
facilitytypes,
suchas
storageand
disposalfacilities.
Licensees
believethe
purposeshould
clearlytell
readersw
hichtype
(low,
intermediate,
orhigh-
level)radioactive
waste
tow
hichthe
guidanceapplies.
Itshould
alsorecognize
there
arevarying
opinionsand
conventionson
what
constitutesstorage
versusdisposal.
(RE
GD
OC
3.6,G
lossaryof
CN
SCT
erminology
doesnot
providefull
definitions.
Am
endto
read,“T
hepurpose
ofthis
document
isto
providerequirem
entsand
guidance:•
onradioactive
waste
managem
entapplicable
todifferent
typesof
CN
SClicensees
•related
toCSA
Group
standardsapplicable
toradioactive
waste
managem
ent•
supplemental
tospecific
topicsin
radioactivew
astem
anagement
standards.R
equirements
andguidance
will
varydepending
onthe
levelof
radioactivew
astebeing
managed
andthe
facilitytype,
suchas
storageand
disposalfacilities,
usinga
gradedapproach
comm
ensuratew
iththeir
relativerisks.”
Foradditional
clarity,definitions
ofstorage
anddisposal
facilitiesshould
beadded
toR
EG
DO
C-3.6,
Glossary
of
CN
SCT
erminology
andreferenced
inthis
REG
DO
C.
An
unclearpurpose
couldlead
toincorrect
assumptions
regardingrequirem
entsfor
facilitytype
—
storagevs
disposal.For
context,the
time
periodfor
storagefacilities
ism
easuredin
decadesas
opposedto
centuriesfor
disposalfacilities.
3.1.1
MA
JOR
4.1.2
As
percom
ment
#1,the
Scope
isnot
entirelyA
mend
the1
stsentence
toread,
“The
requirements
Clarification
clearto
allreaders.
Forinstance,
itdoes
notand
guidancein
thisdocum
entpertain
toC
NSC
alignw
ithS
ection24
ofthe
NSCA
,w
hichsays
licensedactivities
facilitics...”activities
arelicensed,
notfacilities.
Nor
doesit
definethe
term“w
astem
anagement”
orD
efinethe
terms
“waste
managem
ent”and
“endhighlight
what
the“end
goal”is
with
respectto
goal”to
ensurerequirem
entsare
clearfor
licenseesw
astem
anagement
facilities.T
hiscould
leadand
CN
SCinspectors.
licenseesto
definedifferent
“endgoals”
and,in
turn,drive
thesolutions
toaddress
waste
managem
ent.5.
1.3A
sper
comm
ent#1,
thelist
ofrelevant
Add
referencesto
theN
uclearS
ubstan
cesan
dC
larificationlegislation
isincom
plete.R
adiationD
evicesR
egulationsand
theN
uclearF
uelW
asteA
ct.
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15
Bruce
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er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Managem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
ent
of
Rad
ioactiv
eW
aste
6.2
As
percom
ment
#2,the
REG
DO
Cshould
Am
endthe
15t
paragraphto
read,“U
nderC
anada’sM
AJO
RT
hem
anagement
ofradioactive
waste
differentiatebetw
eena
‘waste
generator’and
aR
adioactiveW
astePolicy
Fram
ework
[4],w
astem
aybe
theresponsibility
ofm
ore
‘waste
owner.’
owners
arerequired
toensure
thesafe
andsecure
thanone
licensee.R
einforcingthis
in
managem
entof
radioactivew
asteand
tom
akethe
REG
DO
Cw
ouldhelp
clarifythe
arrangem
ents
forits
long-termm
anagement.
This
rolesand
responsibilitiesfor
waste
includesw
astegenerated
byan
oth
erlicensee
andgenerators
andw
asteow
ners.
transferredunder
acom
mercial
agreement
toa
waste
owner
toprocess,
storeand
dispose.”
7.2.1
As
percom
ment
#1,the
CSAstandard
forInclude
N294,
Decom
missioning
of facilities
Clarification
decomm
issioningis
missing
fromthe
listof
Containing
Nuclear
Substances.
complem
entarydocum
ents.
8.3
As
percom
ment
#1,the
definitionof
radioactiveA
mend
the1st
paragraphto
alignw
iththe
definitionM
AJO
RU
nclearexpectations
couldchallenge
waste
doesnot
alignw
ithth
atin
RE
GD
OC
3.6,of
radioactivew
astein
RE
GD
OC
-3.6com
plianceverification.
which
says“the
owner
declaresto
bew
aste”vs
“nofurther
useif
foreseen.”T
hisintroduces
aA
mend
the2
paragraphto
read,“A
llnuclear
Generation,
controland
handlingare
questionas
tow
hom
ustforesee
“nofurther
substancesassociated
with
licensedactivities
will
typicallyin-facility
activities.
use”of
thew
aste.eventually
become
radioactivew
aste.T
herefore,t
Processing
may
bein-facility
orit
may
The
safem
anagement
oft1
atw
asteis
consideredbe
contractedto
anexternal
party.
As
perC
omm
ent#2,
itis
notclear
that
thesteps
duringall
stepsof
itsm
anagement
andm
ayinvolve
Storage,
transp
ort
anddisposal
may
listedfor
them
anagement
ofradioactive
waste
severallicensees.
The
stepsinvolved
inthe
bem
anagedby
thelicensee
who
may
bethe
responsibilityof
more
thanone
managem
entof
radioactivew
astecan
include:”generated
thew
aste,but
may
alsobe
licenseeand
may
involvetran
sfers/han
doffs
managed
bya
contractedparty.
between
licensees.A
lso,the
factth
atnot
allradioactive
substancesw
illbecom
eradioactive
As
currentlyw
ritten,the
background
waste
isnot
identifiedin
thebackground.
Som
esection
potentiallylim
itsthe
abilityfor
substancesm
aysim
plydecay
away
tothe
pointw
asteto
decayto
safelevels
andbe
thew
asteis
nolonger
radioactivew
aste.treated
asnon-radioactive
waste.
9.4
The
sectionon
General
Requirem
entsis
unclearA
mend
thebullets
forclarity
inthe
following
ways:
MA
JOR
Generally,
alack
ofclarity
may
inm
anyareas.
inadvertentlylead
publicexpectations
Bullet
#1:“m
anageradioactive
waste
soas
toavoid
forlow
-levelw
asteto
bethe
same
as
Bullet
#1requires
alllicensees
tofind
long-termim
posingan
undueburden
onfuture
generations,by
that
forhigh-level
waste.
managem
entsolutions
that
“avoidim
posingan
findingsafe,
practicableand
environmentally
undueburden
onfuture
generations.”W
hileacceptable
solutionsfor
thelong-term
”Specifically,
forthe
1st
bullet,licensees
licenseesunderstand
theintent
ofthis
phrase,it
donot
havethe
authorityto
define
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erco
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ents
ondraft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,W
asteM
anag
emen
t,V
olume
I:M
anag
emen
tof
Radioactive
Waste
isa
policystatem
ent
inap
pro
priately
emb
edd
edin
aR
EG
DO
C.
This
requ
iremen
tis
notpart
ofth
efederal
policyon
radioactivew
astem
anag
emen
t.
Bullet
#3need
sto
berelated
tospecific
waste
types
solicensee
andth
eC
NSC
candem
onstrate
toth
epublic
that
waste
isbeing
safelym
anag
edin
am
ann
erco
mm
ensu
ratew
ithth
epoten
tialhazard
ofth
ew
aste.
Bullet
#4is
unclearas
tow
hat
aspects
arein
terdep
end
encies
tobe
taken
inaccount
for.N
oris
itclear
if“evaluation”
refersto
CN
SCin
spectio
ns
orinternal
self-assessmen
tsby
licensees.
Bullet
#5should
notplace
the
emphasis
onth
ed
ocu
men
tation
.T
helicensee
doesnot
“implem
ent
the
docu
men
tation”
—th
eyim
plem
ent
andd
ocu
men
tth
eprogram
,pro
cedures,
etc.T
hisstatem
ent
shouldalso
pointto
guidanceon
what
isconsidered
acceptab
leas
perth
egrad
edapproach.
Bullet
#6:W
henis
con
tamin
atedm
aterialheld
insto
rage
nolonger
“useful”and
isdesig
nated
asw
aste?
Bullet
#7:T
heuse
ofO
PEX,
lessonslearned
andad
van
cesin
scienceand
technologyshould
beco
mm
ensu
ratew
ithth
erisk
associatedw
ith
Bullet
#3:C
larifyth
especific
waste
types
thisbullet
relatesto.
Bullet
#4:C
larifyw
hatasp
ectsof
interd
epen
den
ciesneed
tod
ocu
men
tedand
who
isex
pected
to“evaluate”
andby
what
means.
Am
endto
saylicensees
shouldconsider
allknow
nstep
s,but
the
integ
ration
waste
man
agem
ent
system
sshould
detailhow
interd
epen
den
ciesw
illbe
addressed
.
Bullet
#5:A
mend
toread,
“develop,d
ocu
men
tand
implem
ent
programs,
pro
cedu
resand
instructionsto
ensu
reth
esafety
ofall
waste
man
agem
ent
activitiesfor
which
they
areresponsible
com
men
surate
with
the
scaleof
the
licensedfacility
oractivity
andth
einventory.”
Bullet
#6:C
learlystate
when
con
tamin
atedm
aterialis
desig
nated
asw
aste.A
pplyth
edefinition
of“w
aste.”
Bullet
#7:A
mend
toalign
with
the
5thbullet
andread:
“useoperatio
nal
experien
ce,lessons
learnedfrom
oth
ersim
ilarfacilities
oractivities,
andad
van
cesin
scienceand
technologyin
aneffort
tocontinuously
improve
the
safetyof
the
waste
man
agem
ent
facilityor
activityco
mm
ensu
ratew
iththe
scaleof
the
licensedactivity
andth
einventory.”
Bullet
#8:A
mend
toclearly
stateth
ereq
uirem
ent
toprovide
information
isupon
request/au
dit.
“undueburden”
onfu
ture
gen
erations.
That
responsibilityrests
with
gov
ernm
ent.
Regarding
the
bullet,industry
hashad
challengesin
the
pastw
ithapplying
grad
edap
pro
aches,
which
causes
uncertain
tyin
the
licensingprocess
when
the
regulato
rdoes
not
accom
mo
date
thisapproach
forlow
-risk
activities.
Regarding
the
bullet,th
etim
eand
resources
required
toidentify
trulyrelev
ant
OPEX
,lessons
learnedand
advan
cesin
scienceand
technologyfor
licenseesw
hogen
eratelow
-levelradioactive
waste,
andare
notW
asteM
anag
emen
tF
acilities,is
notalw
aysco
mm
ensu
ratew
ithth
eim
pacton
nuclearsafety.
Agraded
appro
achw
ouldim
provethis
requirem
ent.
waste.
Ifth
erisk
isvery
low,
itshould
notbe
areq
uirem
ent
touse
“advancesin
scienceand
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ce
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er
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RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Managem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
en
tof
Rad
ioactiv
eW
aste
technology”for
continuousim
provement.
BuIIet#8:
Reporting
requirements
arenot
well
defined!specified.
Mandatory
andperiodic
versusdiscretionary
andonly
uponrequest?
10.4
&5
Forclarity,
theG
eneralR
equirements
inS
ectionA
mend
the15tsentence
inS
ection4
toread,
“All
MA
JOR
The
managem
entof
radioactivew
aste
4and
requirements
inS
ection5
onthe
Waste
licenseesw
hom
anageradioactive
waste
theym
aybe
theresponsibility
ofm
ore
Managem
entP
rogramshould
includethe
gen
erateor
assume
ownership
forshall:”
thanone
licensee.R
einforcingthis
in
option/abilityof
alicensed
waste
gen
erator
tothe
REG
DO
Chelps
clarifythe
rolesand
contractually(com
mercially)
engagethe
servicesA
mend
the1
5tparagraph
ofS
ection5
toread,
“The
responsibilitiesfor
waste
gen
erators
ofoth
erlicensed
partiesto
transport,process,
licenseeshall
developand
implem
enta
waste
andw
asteow
ners.
storeand
disposeof
radioactivew
aste.T
hem
anagement
programto
controlthe
managem
ent
contractualarran
gem
ent
might,
insom
eof
radioactivew
astew
hereit
isgenerated,
handled,
instances,involve
thetransfer
ofcare
&custody,
processed,stored,
transp
orted
ordisposed
of.
orof
title,to
certainw
aste;i.e.
achange
waste
Licensees
may
contractuallyengage
anoth
erlicensed
ownership
&going
forward
responsibility,party
tocarry
outsom
eor
allof
theseactivities.”
11.5
Facilitiesth
atrequire
aw
astem
anag
emen
tR
emove
thefirst
3-bulletsas
theyare
alreadyC
larification
programcom
plyw
ithCSA
N286-12
aspart
ofaddressed
inlicensee’s
LCHs
forM
anagement
theirlicence.
As
such,this
REG
DO
Cshould
onlyS
ystems.
capturem
anagement
systemrequirem
entsth
atare
incremental
tothe
requirements
inN
286-12A
mend
thefinal
senten
cein
thesection
toread,
“For
tom
inimize
duplicationand
inconsistenciesw
ithm
oreinform
ationon
managing
programs
generalm
anagement
systemrequirem
ents.It
managem
entsystem
s,consult
RE
GD
OC
-2.1.1,
shouldalso
beclear
that
N286
doesnot
provideM
anagement
System
[6],and
CSAN
286,
information
onhow
tom
anageprogram
s,but
Managem
entsystem
requirements
fornuclear
howto
establishan
integratedm
anagement
facilities[7].”
system.
12.5
As
percom
ment
#1,clarity
issought
forseveral
Bullet
#5A
mend
toread,
“manage
addrcssall
waste
Clarification
ofthe
bulletpoints
inthis
section.stream
sassociated
with
orpotentially
contaminated
Bullet
#5:clarify
what
ism
eantby
“addressall
bynuclear
substances”w
astestream
s.”N
otall
waste
streams
needto
beaddressed,
butthey
shouldbe
identifiedso
Bullet#6:
The
requirements
regardingthe
waste
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on
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RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Managem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
ent
of
Radioactive
Waste
aninform
eddecision
canbe
made
toim
plement
managem
enthierarchy
needto
beclarified
eitherin
actionsw
henrequired.
thetext
orin
theglossary.
Ifthehierarchy
in7.1
isto
beaddressed
insection
5,B
ullet#6
requiresthe
licenseeto
considerthe
itshould
beclearly
stated.w
aste‘hierarchy’
butthis
isthe
firsttim
eit
ism
entionedand
theterm
isnot
defined.L
ater,S
ection7.1
listsfour
items
inthe
‘hierarchy’(prevent
generation,reduce
volume
andradioactivity
content,reuse
andrecycle,
dispose).13.
6.1A
sper
comm
ent#1,
thesection
onw
asteA
mend
the2nd
sentenceof
the1st
paragraphto
MA
JOR
Alack
ofclarity
caninadvertently
leadclassification
isnot
clearor
consistent.For
read,“W
hereappropriate,
Tthe
classificationsystem
tom
isunderstandingof
requirements
example:
shallbe
basedon
thespecific
safetycase
andsafety
andthe
reasonsfor
themby
licensees,assessm
entrequired
forthe
waste
managem
entthe
regulatorand
thepublic.
.H
istorically,not
allw
astem
anagement
facilityor
activity.facilities
haverequired
safetyassessm
ents.For
thissection,
itm
ayresult
inIs
thisphrase
beingused
generically?A
mend
4thbullet
toread,
“Due
toits
long-livedlicensee’s
developingunique
.T
he4’
bulletis
apotentially
misleading
orradionuclides,
LWgcncrally
may
requirea
higherclassifications
andunintended
biasingstatem
ent.
There
arecurrent
planslevel
ofcontainm
entand
isolationthan
canbe
confusionw
hendiscussing
waste.
Ifto
placeILW
inaboveground
mounds.
providedin
nearsurface
repositories.“
potentialm
anag
emen
tand
disposal.
Does
the5
thbullet
consideracid
rockapproaches
areto
becited,
thisdrainage
andthe
needfor
subaqueousA
mend
the5th
bulletto
read,“In
gen
crl,L
ong-termdocum
entshould
doso
forall
typesof
disposal?S
ubaqueousdisposal
hasbeen
managem
entin
near-surfacefacilities
adjacentto
waste.
Currently,
itonly
providesthis
employed
atE
lliottLake.
Also,
hasth
erem
inesand
mills
isthc
onlyone
ofthe
more
practicalinform
ationfor
some
ofthe
waste
beenno
backfillingof
undergrounduranium
optionsfor
thesew
astes,given
thelarge
volumes
oftypes.
mines
inC
anada?w
astegen
eratedin
mining
andm
illingoperations.
.T
hecurrent
wording
doesnot
providesufficient
guidanceas
tothe
rangeof
factorsIndustry
suggeststhis
sectionshould
listfactors
liketh
atshould
beconsidered
when
determining
waste
form(solid,
liquid,gas
etc.)th
atshould
becontainm
entand
isolationrequirem
ents,considered
when
determining
thedegree
ofw
hichm
aylead
toinappropriate
containment
andisolation.
requirements.
•T
hesection
doesnot
make
itclear
who
Itshould
alsoclarify
who
classifiesw
asteand
addto
classifiesthe
waste.
Canada
alreadyhas
fourthe
definitionof
ILWeg
>2m
Sv/hr
nearcontact.
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ce
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er
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draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Man
agem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Managem
ent
of
Rad
io
activ
eW
aste
As
percom
ment
#1,there
isan
opportunityto
clarifythe
languageand
intentof
the15t
paragraph.
Am
endthe
15t
paragraphto
read,“T
helicensee
shall
performw
astecharacterization
atthe
variousap
pro
priate
step(s)for-4w
them
anagement
of
radioactivew
astethe
specificradioactive
waste.
Waste
characterizationshall
includeassessing
the
physical,m
echanical,chem
ical,biological,
thermal
and
/or
radiologicalproperties
ofthe
waste
material,
asapplicable.
Thc
licenseem
ustjustify
tothe
CNSC
theaspects
that
donot
apply.T
helicensee
shallm
aintaindetailed
recordsof
thecharacterization
performed.”
As
written,
thefirst
requirement
hasno
clearpurpose.
Clarity
isneeded
asto
why
thecharacterization
isperform
edand
atw
hatstage(s)
thecharacterization
shouldbe
performed.
As
written,
thism
ayresult
incharacterization
beingundertaken
when
notrequired
and/o
rcharacterization
notbeing
performed
when
required.In
the3”
sentence,by
default,aspects
that
donot
applyw
illbe
ruledout
duringthe
varioussteps
ofthe
characterizationsand
recordedin
detail.A
sw
ritten,licensees
arebeing
askedto
provea
negative,w
hichis
notclear
direction.T
hispassage
alsoraises
aseries
ofunintended
questions:A
tw
hatstage(s)
ofthe
fulllife
cyclew
astem
anagement
processis
documented
waste
characterizationapplicable?
Ifit
isprim
arilyfor
longterm
storageand
disposal,the
requirement
isim
posedupon
agen
erator
bythe
serviceprovider
ofw
astestorage
anddisposal
services.W
hatexactly
arethe
requirements
for
14.6.2
main
waste
classifications,but
theR
EGD
OC
indicateslicensees
shouldclassify
thew
aste.
.In
some
casespotential
“disposal”solutions
arepresented.
Inothers,
theyare
not.•
There
isno
referencefor
sourceof
radioactivew
asteclasses
anda
lackof
clarityon_the_definition_of_L
W.
MA
JOR
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of15
Bruce
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er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Man
agem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
ag
em
en
tof
Radio
active
Waste
satisfactory
characterizatio
nof
waste?
Are
the
requ
iremen
tsuniversal
andstan
dard
izedacross
the
industry,or
areth
eyvariable
bygen
erator
/
serviceprovider.
15.6.3
This
entire
sectionon
WA
Cis
onlyapplicable
toM
oveS
ection6.3
tonew
subsectio
ns
inS
ections9
Clarification
Waste
Storage
Facilities,
orW
asteD
isposaland
10.F
acilities.A
sper
Section
1.2(S
cope),th
een
tiretyof
Section
6is
applicableto
alllicensees
that
havea
waste
man
agem
ent
program.
16.6.3
The
l’paragraph
isin
com
plete
asw
rittenw
ithA
mend
toread,
“Forw
asteit
gen
eratesor
forw
hichM
AJO
RW
herea
licensee(w
asteg
enerato
r)regard
tow
asteow
nersh
ipand
gen
eration
.it
assum
esow
nership,th
elicensee
shalldevelop
engag
esth
eservice
ofan
oth
erw
asteaccep
tance
criteria,co
nsisten
tw
ithand
licenseeto
accept,
process,sto
reand
Also,
there
isno
needto
include“u
npack
aged
derivedfrom
the
safetycase
andsafety
assessmen
t.dispose
ofw
aste,th
eservice
providingw
aste.”T
hisis
coveredby
“waste.”
Unpackaged
The
waste
acceptan
cecriteria
shallspecify
the
licenseeprescribes
the
waste
waste
will
beaccep
tedfor
handling,processing,
chemical,
physical,radiological,
mechanical,
acceptan
cecriteria
forboth
Routine
storag
e,tran
spo
rtan
d/o
rdisposal
atth
efacility
biologicaland
oth
erch
aracteristicsof
waste,
waste
Waste
andN
on-Routine
Waste.
orplace
ofth
eactivity.
Clarity
isalso
sought
with
forms
unpck
agcd
wte
andpackages
that
will
respect
toex
pectatio
ns
forth
eterm
“placeof
be...”activity.”
17.7.1
As
perco
mm
ent
#1,th
e2”
parag
raph
does
notC
larifyth
eo
rder
ofpreferen
ceand
amen
dth
e2
nd
Clarification
clearlystate
that
wh
atis
listedis
ino
rder
ofparag
raph
toread,
“The
licenseeshould
&a44
preferen
ceand
inap
pro
priately
links“red
uce
considerw
here
practicableth
ew
astehierarchy
involum
eand
radioactivityco
nten
t.”T
hew
ordth
em
anag
emen
tof
radioactivew
aste,including
“some”
isnot
need
ed”
inth
e3rd
parag
raph.
Itprev
ent
gen
eration
,reduce
volume,
a.n4preclu
des
the
poten
tialfor
allw
asteto
beradioactivity
conten
tcleared
inthis
man
ner.
Delete
the
word
“some”
inth
e3
rdparagraph.
18.7.3
The
sectionon
processingis
notco
mplete.
Am
endto
stateth
atany
processingof
waste
isM
AJO
RA
licensee’soptio
nto
processw
astesubject
toth
ew
asteaccep
tance
criteriaof
theparty
may
beco
nstrain
edby
itscom
mercial
licensedto
receive,sto
reand
disposeof
waste.
agreem
ent
with
anoth
erlicensee.
Any
proposalor
initiativeto
processw
aste
NK
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OR
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8o
f15
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ce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2
.1
1.1
,W
aste
Managem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
ent
of
Radio
active
Waste
tochange
itsphysical
form,
characteristicsor
packagingis
subjectto
theo
ther
licensee’sreview
andapproval
tobe
compliant
with
prescribedw
asteacceptance
criteriafor
receipt,storage
anddisposal.
19.7.3
As
perC
omm
ent#1,
therequirem
entis
unclearD
eleteor
clarify.U
nclearhow
todem
onstrate
Clarification
inthe
firstparagraph.
What
demands?
compliance
20.7.5
As
percom
ment
#1,clarity
isneeded
forthis
Clarify.
Decay
may
notbe
until“final
disposal.”C
larification
section.L
icenseessuggest
using“disposition.”
Can
decaystorage
takeplace
atfinal
disposal,w
itha
viewof
limiting
thenum
berof
times
waste
ishandled?
Issegregation
arequirem
entor
recomm
endationw
hatis
theexpectation?
21.7.5
As
percom
ment
#2,the
sectionon
storageA
mend
toread,
“The
licenseeshall
store,or
make
Clarification
needsto
beclarified.
The
requirement
toarrangem
entsfor
thestorage
of,radioactive
waste
differentiate‘staging’
versus‘storing’
shouldbe
...“
broadened.A
san
example,
forR
outineLLW
andILW
,a
licenseecan
holdor
stagethe
waste
pendingout-of-facility
shipment.
22.7.6
The
licenseeshall
disposeof
radioactivew
asteA
mend
toread,
“The
licenseeshall
disposeof
Clarification
safely,in
am
annerth
atprovides
forthe
radioactivew
astesafely,
ina
manner
that
provides
protectionof
peopleand
theenvironm
ent,and
forthe
protectionof
peopleand
theenvironm
ent,in
accordancew
ithregulatory
requirements.
andin
accordancew
ithregulatory
requirements
atthe
time
ofthe
licenceapplication.”
23.7.6
As
percom
ment
#2,the
sectionon
disposalA
mend
toread,
“The
licenseeshall
disposeof,
orC
larification
needsto
beclarified,
make
arrangements
forthe
disposalof,
radioactivew
aste....“
NK
21-CO
RR
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RR
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age
9of
15
Bruce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2
.1
1.1
,W
aste
Man
agem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
ent
of
Radio
active
Waste
24.8
Industryhas
concern
sw
ithth
eopening
senten
ceA
mend
the
senten
ceto
read,“T
helicensee
shallM
AJO
RN
otall
licenseesen
gin
eerth
eirow
nin
the
sectionon
Waste
Packages.
Not
alluse
engin
eeredw
astepackages
asrequired
topackages;
and
/or
notall
packagesare
contain
ersw
illbe
forsto
rage
anddisposal
asthis
containradioactive
waste
inacco
rdan
cew
ithrequired
tobe
engin
eered.
seems
toim
ply.applicable
regulations,both
duringnorm
alo
peratio
nand
inaccid
ent
conditionsof
itsin
tended
use.25.
9.1S
ayingsafety
caseand
safetyassessm
ent
isnot
Delete
“andsupporting
safetyassessm
ent”
Clarification
required
.By
maintaining
anup
todate
safetycase,
the
safetyassessm
ent
would
haveto
beup
todate.
Inaddition,
more
than
just
asafety
assessmen
tw
ouldgo
intoa
safetycase.
There
would
bem
ultiplesu
pportin
gdocu
men
tsth
atw
ouldhave
tobe
keptup
todate.
26.9.1,
10.1,10.2,
Draft
RE
GD
OC
sare
men
tioned
inth
esesections.
Cite
onlycurrently
publishedversions
ofR
EG
DO
Cs.
Clarification
10.5A
sa
matter
ofprinciple,
draft
RE
GD
OC
sshould
onlyreferen
ceo
ther
RE
GD
OC
sth
atare
currentlypublished
andnot
outfor
review.
Otherw
ise,ap
pro
ved
requ
iremen
tsm
aynot
befully
un
dersto
od
andinform
edco
mm
ents
cannot
beprovided.
27.9.3
As
perco
mm
ent
#2,this
sectionapplies
toA
mend
toread,
“The
licenseeshall
designth
enew
MA
JOR
The
executionof
additionalw
orkfor
facilitystates
that
may
notbe
applicableto
allsto
rage
facilitiesto
fulfillth
cfu
nd
amen
talapplicable
operatin
gstates
beyondth
ose
ofth
ew
astem
anag
emen
tsto
rage
facilities.T
hesafety
functionsfor
the
statesdefined
forth
efacility
analysisis
required
inth
elicenses
requ
iremen
tsshould
applyto
onlynew
facilities,during
normal
operatio
n,
anticip
atedop
erational
basis.occu
rrences,
designbasis
acciden
tsand
designextension
conditions,as
follows
28.9.4
This
shouldbe
focusedon
SSC“im
portan
tto
Specify
“SSCim
portan
tto
safety”M
AJO
RP
reventsin
creasedcom
missioning
safety.”O
ther
equ
ipm
ent
isan
operatio
nal
issuereq
uirem
ents
onsystem
sth
atare
notonly
andshould
notbe
anuclear
safetyconcern,
safetyrelated
.29.
9.4A
sper
com
men
t#1,
clarityis
soughton
the
3rd
Am
endto
read,“T
helicensee
shallverify
that
the
MA
JOR
The
phrase“conditions
ofparag
raph.
Com
missioning
requirem
ents
may
equ
ipm
ent
orSSC
sim
portan
tto
safetyperform
asau
thorizatio
n”
isnot
definedand
will
bem
etth
rough
oth
erm
eans
oth
erth
antestin
g.
perdesign
perfo
rman
cecriteria.
Upon
the
make
itdifficult
forlicensees
toW
hatare
“conditionsof
auth
orizatio
n”
andcom
pletionof
comm
issioning,th
elicensee
shallcom
plyand
CN
SCin
specto
rsto
aud
itw
here
arethey?
pro
duce
afinal
comm
issioningrep
ort.
The
repo
rtagainst.
shallprovide
assuran
ceth
atall
licenceconditions
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e10
of
15
Bru
ce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Managem
ent,
Vo
lu
me
I:
Managem
ent
of
Radio
active
Waste
havebeen
satisfied.”docum
ent:the
asbuilt
statusof
thefacility;
thetesting
conductedw
ithevidence
tosupport
thesuccessful
completion
ofthe
testing;and,
anym
odificationsm
adeto
thefacility
orto
proceduresduring
construction.T
hereport
shallprovide
assuranceth
atall
theconditions
ofauthorization
havebeen
satisfied.
30.9.5
As
percom
ment
#1,licensees
haveconcerns
Am
endto
read,“T
helicensee
shouldm
aintain,test
Clarification
with
theclarity
ofthe
finalparagraph
onpage
8.and
inspectin
accordancew
iththe
designintent.”
thefacility
ata
frequencyth
atensures
that
thereliability
ofthe
equipment
remains
highand
that
theeffectiveness
ofthe
systems
remain
inaccordance
with
thedesign
intentfor
thefacility.
31.10
Agraded
approachcould
beapplied
tothe
Suggest
addingw
ordingto
clearlyenable
agraded
Clarification
waste
facilityin
considerationof
suchthings
asapproach
tobe
appliedbased
onw
astetype.
thew
astetype
tobe
managed
andhazards
orconsequences.
32.10.1
This
sectioncould
beclarified
ina
number
ofA
mend
to:C
larification
small
ways.
•M
akeit
clearthis
alsoincludes
Post
Closure
•A
sper
comm
ent#2,
thelicensee
shallS
afetyassessm
entsdevelop,
implem
ent,and
maintain
asafety
•C
hangefrom
“optionsfor
design”to
“design”case
andsupporting
safetyassessm
entfor
•C
hangefunction
to“barriers”
theentire
lifecycleof
aw
astem
anagement
•M
akerequirem
entm
orespecific:
SSCim
portantdisposal
facility.T
hisshould
includePost
tosafety
and“norm
al”SSC.
Closure
assessments.
•D
eletethe
4th
paragraph.•
Second
paragraph—
why
theoptions
fordesign
andnot
thedesign
itself?•
Safefacility
operationis
nota
function.•
As
percom
ment
#1,w
hatis
meant
by“classify
SSC”?
•T
he4th
paragraphis
aduplication
ofexisting
licensingprocesses
andoth
erregulatory
documents
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11of
15
Bruce
Po
wer
com
men
tson
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,W
asteM
anag
emen
t,V
olume
I:M
anag
emen
tof
Rad
ioactiv
eW
aste
33.10.1
&9.1
As
perco
mm
ent
#2,it
isunclear
ifth
ereis
aL
icenseessuggest
the
requ
iremen
tsfor
Long
Term
Clarification
differen
ceb
etween
Long
Term
Storage
anda
Waste
Man
agem
ent
beonly
specifiedin
one
place.D
isposalFacility.
Or,
additionalguidance
couldbe
added
tom
akeit
Confusingly,
bothsectio
ns
reference
draft
clearw
hat
the
differen
cesin
requ
iremen
tsfor
the
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1W
asteM
anag
emen
tV
olume
Illtw
odifferen
tfacilities
Safety
Case
for
Long
Term
Radioactive
Waste
Man
agem
ent.
34.10.2
As
currentlyw
ritten,
thissection
inap
pro
priately
Forclarity
andto
avoidconfusion,
licenseessu
ggest
Clarification
suggeststh
atonly
DG
Rs
arean
acceptab
lerem
ovingth
esecond
parag
raph.
meth
od
ofw
astedisposal.
Licensees
would
liketo
seestatem
ents
herereferring
too
ther
Foradditional
clarity,industry
believesth
ephrase
meth
ods
ofw
astedisposal,
especiallyas
earlier“long-term
waste
man
agem
ent”
shouldbe
usedsectio
ns
men
tion
near
surfaceand
interm
ediate
insteadof
“disposal”w
here
appro
priate
thro
ughout
dep
thdisposal.
This
shouldalso
describeth
edocu
men
t.an
ticipated
levelsof
detailreq
uired
forvarious
types
ofw
asteand
disposalm
ethods.
35.10.3
As
perco
mm
ent
#1,licensees
believethis
Enhance
clarityin
futu
redrafts
by:C
larificationsection
andits
bulletsare
unclearand
itsreq
uirem
ents
arevague.
Forinstance,
•M
ovingparagraph
6&
7to
the
beginningof
thisparag
raphs
6and
7do
notseem
tobe
properlysection
sequen
ced.
•E
xplicitlystating
the
bulletsrelate
todifferen
tphases
ofth
efacility’s
lifecycleand
thisis
anA
sper
com
men
t#2,
licenseesalso
believeth
eiterativ
eprocess
that
takes
placeduring
the
bulletscan
berevised
tobetter
relateto
design.differen
tphases
ofa
facility’slifecycle.
•A
mending
Bullet
#1of
the
firstbullet
listto
read,“to
beem
placedin
accord
ance
with
the
Forth
esecond
listof
bullets,som
eSSC
sw
illbe
expected
perfo
rman
ceof
the
facility.”“closed”
priorto
DG
Rclosure
(asper
com
men
t•
Am
endingB
ullet#1
ofth
esecond
listto
read,#2).
Insom
ecases,
amo
un
tsof
water
couldbe
“allows
forth
em
easurem
ent
orcalculations
ofbounded
byoth
erev
iden
ceand
calculatedas
water
insafety-significant
SSCs
priorto
closureopposed
tom
easured
.of
the
specificSSC
”•
Updating
the
secondlist
ofbullets
toonly
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Pag
e12
of15
Bruce
Pow
erco
mm
ents
ond
raftR
EG
DO
C-2.11.1,
Waste
Man
agem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Man
agem
ent
ofR
adioactiveW
aste
Also,
thesecond
listof
bulletsis
am
ixtureof
high-levelrequirem
entsand
specificdesign
requirements,
which
canlead
toconfusion.
The
scopeof
thefinal
paragraphneeds
tobe
more
clearlydefined
toensure
engineeringrequirem
entsand
monitoring
programs
areappropriate
andcom
mensurate
with
potentialsrisks.
As
percom
ment
#1,the
1paragraph
isunclear
andshould
focuson
SSC’s
important
tosafety,
notequipm
entof
anoperational
natureand
nota
nuclearsafety
concern.T
he15tsentence
isself-
evidentand
notneeded.
The
2nd
paragraphis
notpractical.
Ifsitepreparation
isundertaken,
thelocal
environment
will
beim
pacted.T
heim
pactof
constructionneeds
tobe
consideredand
anygeological
features
creditedby
thefacility
designm
ustbe
shown
notto
beadversely
impacted
duringconstruction.
includehigh-level
requirements.
Exam
plesof
specificrequirem
entsfor
systems
important
tosafety
canbe
cited,but
theactual
requirements
relatedto
thehazards
(i.e.the
typeof
waste,
lowlevel,
intermediate,
fueletc.)
must
beclear.
•E
nsuringthe
bulletsrefer
toradioactive
waste,
notradioactive
material
•A
mend
thefinal
paragraphto
read,“T
helicensee
shalldesign
thedisposal
facilityto
facilitatethe
inspection,m
onitoring,testing,
andm
aintenanceof
thesystem
sim
portantto
safetyfacility
andthe
elements
ofthe
hostenvironm
entth
atare
creditedin
thesafety
case.,as
applicable.T
helicensee
must
justi’
tothe
CN
SCthe
vnrc
tcth
atdo
notapply.
Forclarity:
•Specify
“SSCim
portantto
safety”
•A
mend
the15t
paragraphto
read,“T
helicensee
shallconstruct
thedisposal
facilityin
accordance
with
itsdesign.
The
licenseeshall
havesufficient
evidenceth
atthe
closuredesign
will
functionas
intendedbefore
constructionactivities
comm
ence•
Am
endthe
2sen
tence
ofthe
2,d
paragraphto
read,“T
helicensee
shouldperform
allconstruction
activitiesso
that
containment
andisolation
features
ofthe
hostenvironm
entas
creditedin
thesafety
caseare
preserved.”
•T
helicensee
shallverify
that
theequipm
entm
eetsdesign
specificationsrequirem
entsand
performcom
missioning
validationactivities
todem
onstrate
that
theequipm
entand
SSC5perform
asexpected
insupport
ofoperations.”
36.10.4
Clarification
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age
13of
15
Bruce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2.11.1,
Waste
Managem
ent,
Volu
me
I:
Man
agem
ent
of
Radio
active
Waste
37.10.6
The
titleis
misleading.
Disposal
facilitiesare
notC
hangethe
titleto
‘Closure
andD
ecomm
issioningof
Clarification
normally
decomm
issioned.A
ncillaryand
supporta
waste
managem
entdisposal
facility’stru
ctures
neededduring
operationsare
theelem
entsth
atare
decomm
issioned.A
mend
the1
sentenceof
the2d
paragraphto
read,“T
helicensee
shallclose
thedisposal
facilityin
aw
ayT
hesecond
paragraphcan
beclarified,
that
maintains
theintegrity
ofthose
SSC5th
atperform
safetyfunctions
that
havebeen
shown
tobe
important
tosafety
inthe
a4tefpost-closure
phases.38.
10.7A
sper
comm
ent#1,
thissection
couldbe
editedA
mend
thefinal
bulletto
read,“m
aintainrecords
ofC
larificationslightly
toenhance
clarity,the
information
onthe
disposalfacility,
thesite
andthe
environment
itssurroundings
Am
endthe
finalsentence
toread,
“After
closureand
untilrem
ovalfrom
CN
SClicensing
revocationof
thelicence,
thelicensee
shallrem
ainresponsible
forsurveillance
ofthe
disposalsystem
andfor
anyrem
edialaction
that
might
berequired.
39.10.8
The
lastparagraph
states“active
controlsm
ayA
mend
toclarify
which
statemen
tis
accuratein
theC
larificationbe
followed
eventuallyby
passivecontrols,”
lastparagraph
what
requirements
applyto
them
akingthe
implem
entationof
passivecontrols
“institutionalcontrol
period.”sound
optional.H
owever,
Section
10.1says,
“The
licenseeshall
site,design,
construct,A
mend
the2d
bulletto
read,“operation
andcom
mission,
operate
andclose
thedisposal
maintenance
ofa
monitoring
systemto
providefacility
insuch
aw
ayth
atsafety
isensured
byearly
warning
ofthe
releaseof
radionuclidesw
illbe
passivem
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thefullest
extentpossible”
preparedand
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supportof
theT
hesetw
ostatem
ents
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oddsw
ithone
decomm
issionlicence
beforethey
leavethe
siteanother.
boundary”
The
phrase“institutional
controlperiod”
isused
Am
endthe
3”bullet
toread,
“Replace
thisfor
thefirst
time
insection
10.8,but
itsstatem
ent
with
“Implem
entationof
activecontrols,
requirement
isunclear.
The
phraseshould
alsow
hererequired,
toprevent
unauthorizedaccess
tobe
in10.6
and10.7.
thesite.”
NK
21-C
OR
R-00531
-15195/
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29-CO
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OR
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age
14of
15
Bruce
Pow
er
com
ments
on
draft
RE
GD
OC
-2
.1
1.1
,W
aste
Managem
ent,
Volum
eI:
Managem
ent
of
Radio
active
Waste
The
2bullet’s
expectationsfor
actionsto
beR
emove
thenote
onactive
controls.
takenduring
theinstitutional
controlperiod
shouldbe
clarified.S
urfaceand
groundwater
pathways
aresite-specific
andthe
“siteboundary”
isopen
tointerpretation
andunknow
nuntil
aspecific
siteand
thefinal
repositoryare
assessed.
Inthe
3”bullet,
theuse
ofactive
controlsis
contraryto
theP
rovinceof
Saskatchew
an’sIC
programth
atis
basedon
anexpectation
that
passivecontrols
will
beused
wherever
possibleto
reducefuture
maintenance
requirements
ofa
sitein
theprogram
.T
hegoal
ofm
anydecom
missioning
plansis
toallow
futureland
usersto
have“unrestricted
accessto
thesite”.
Regarding
thenote
inthe
finalsentence
-
controllingfuture
landuse
permitting
isnot
controlledaccess.
40.G
lossaryA
sper
comm
ent#1,
there
areoth
erterm
sthat
Define:
SSC5-
System
sIm
portantto
Safety
Clarification
arenot
definedin
RE
GD
OC
-3.6th
atw
ouldbe
usefulfor
thisglossary.
NK
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OR
R-00531
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age
15of
15