confidence and the rule of law - the implementation of the colombian democratic security strategy
TRANSCRIPT
ALVARO URIBE VELEZSEPTEMBER 2012
Confidence and the rule of lawThe implementation of the Colombian Democratic Security Strategy
Colombia in 2002: A Rule of Law crisis
Colombia in 2002 was a fragile State
The Colombian Paradox: a long and stable democracy in a permanent threat from terrorist groups, drug dealers and
organized crime…
Security
28.837 homicides
28882 kidnappings
69 homicides per 100.000 habitants
1645 terrorist attacks
350 mayors out of their municipalities
158 municipalities without police
Economy
Average Economic Growth 1994-2001: 2.1%
GDP per Capita: US$2377
Investment as % of GDP: 16.5%
Exports: US$11.975 million
FDI: US$2.100 million
Inflation: 6.99%
Fiscal balance: -3.2%
Social
Unemployment: 16.2%
Health Coverage: 25 million Colombians.
Pension affiliates: 4.5 million
Poverty:53%Education Coverage: Primary 97%, High
school: 57%, University: 24%.
Mobile Phone Lines: 4.6 million
Internet coverage: 1.9 million
Rule of law was in jeopardy
Colombia faced a Confidence Deficit (Without confidence no rule of law can exist)
The elusive quest for peaceMany governments exhausted
all their political capital attempting to reach peace
through political dialogue…the result was military
strengthening from illegal armed groups and a rapid growth in their criminal
activities (68% thought the country was going in a
negative track)
Terrorist Groups (Guerrillas and
Paramilitaries) had created a sense of
defeat in the Colombian people.
Fear impacted in the Colombian people
Mindset
The lack of investment
The drain of human capital
The sense of danger in Colombian roads.
The expansion of massive kidnappings created an emotional
domino effect
Our vision
Our vision was to build a Comunitary State:
CONFIDENCE was our main goal Without Confidence:
• NO INVESTMENT• UNEMPLOYMENT• LACK OF OPPORTUNITIES• BRAIN DRAIN (YOUNG PEOPLE WANTED TO LEAVE WITHOUT A RETURN
TICKET)
Three main Policies: Democratic Security Investment with fraternity Social cohesion
For the First Time a National Development Agenda had Security as a driver of Development (Security = Investment = Social Cohesion)
No more a debate between left and right
Our achievements
Indicator 2002 2010
Homicides 28838 15000
Kidnappings 2882 228
Homicides per 100K
Habitants
69 16.3
Terrorist attacks
1645 250
Municipalities without mayors
presence
350 0
Municipalities without police
158 0
Security EconomyIndicator 2002 2010
Average Economic Growth
2.1% 4.3%
GDP per Capita
2377 5300
Invest % GDP
16.5% 24.6%
Exports US$11.000
US$ 39.000
FDI US$2.100
US$ 7.000
Inflation 6.9% 2.5%
SocialIndicator 2002 2010
Unemployment 16.2% 11.6%
Health Coverage 25.1 million
43.1 millio
n
Pension affiliates 4.5 million
7.1 millio
n
Poverty 57% 37%
Education coverage (Primary,
Hs, University)
97%57%24%
100%79.4%35.5%
Mobile phone users
4.6 million lines
41 million lines
The combination of our Policies produced significant results: Lowest violence levels in two decades, highest levels of social coverage in Colombian History and highest levels of Exports
and FDI in more than 5 decades.
DEMOCRATIC SECURITY
General values
Take conscience of the problem
Fight fear
Security as a Democratic Value
Security and social cohesion
Investment and social cohesion
Security, investment and social cohesion
Social Cohesion as de validator
Citizen coalition
Leadership
Operational essence
Credibility
Macro vision-Micro Management
Lead the armed forces
Involve all the armed forces
Citizen Participation
Citizen Participation effects
Financial sustainability
A consistent speech
Anticipate with the truth
Implementation
Assume Responsibility
Promise commitment
Intelligence
Counter Intelligence
Rewards
Early victories
Perseverance in moments of crisis
Endurance in times of pressure
Impact
Give creditInternational cooperation
Drugs and illicit crops
Dismantle terrorist groups
Expose criminals in the public spotlight
Prevent youth recruitment
Local power
2. Fight fear
“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself”Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Political Fear
Physical Fear
3. Security as a Democratic value
Security
Economic Freedom
Individual Freedom
Social Freedom
Political Freedom
6. Security, investment, social cohesion
Security
Generates trust
Boosts investment
Is the anchor of peace
Is the base for justice
8. People coalition before political coalition
Listen to the people
Define a deliverable
message
Communicate effectively
a vision
Be in close contact with the people
Create the popular
base
Identify with people
needs
9. Leadership values
Kotter
Honesty
Energy
Competence
Moss Kanter
Consistency
Congruence
Competence
Caring
Lincoln
Get out of the office
Communicate
Talk to people
Persevere
Preach a vision
Strong Hand
Uribe
Discipline
Dedication
Responsibility
Love
11. Macro Vision – Micro Management
Macro Vision
Objectives
Strategy
Tools
Impact
Micro Management
Detailed follow up
Tactic implementation
People claims
Exercise as commander in chief
13. Involve all the forces
Disputes among forces
Weakening of State authority
Strengthening of organized crime
Risks of not integral
involvement
16. Security Financial Sustainability
Financial Sustainabi
lity
Taxes
Controls
Positive externalities for
the Private Sector
Increase in investment
Economic activities triggered : Tourism,
Mining, Infrastructure,
Agriculture
17. Speech consistency
Speech
Terrorism Vs Insurgents
No humanitarian exchange
Military Rescue
Same speech in every audience
Confront terrorist
supportersTerrorist threat Vs Conflict
19. Assume Responsibility
Commander in Chief
Credibility
Armed Forces are motivated
Political Transparenc
y
Fire the commander the FENIX
Lesson
20. Promise dedication not results
Dedication
Not to overpromis
e
Not false expectation
s
Demonstrate hard work
Find options constantly
22. Counter-Intelligence
Prevent infiltration
Protect operational information
Distract the enemy
Achieve Results
25. Persevere in times of crisis
Governor Gaviria and
Gilberto Echeverri
Nogal Bomb
11 State Senators
Killed
FENIX Diplomatic
effects
26. Do not yield to pressure
Own options
Military Rescue
Jaque
Araujo
Unilateral release
Without bargain
Humanitarian gesture
Justice, Peace and Reparation
Demobilization
Cooperation
Protection
28. International Cooperation
Cooperation
Political Support
Military Support
Intelligence SupportDevelopment
AssistanceEconomic and
Trade as validators of Confidence
29. Illicit drugs
Illicit crops
Eradication
Substitution
Prevention
Family Educati
on
School Educati
on
Social values
Consumption
Decriminalize
Administrative
sanctions
Addiction
Medical treatme
nt
Rehabilitation
Micro-Trafficking
Criminal
sanction
Strong Punishm
ent
Cartels
Decisive confrontati
on
Asset Confiscatio
n
Anti-Money
Laundering
33. Local Power
Local Power
Governors
Mayors
Citi Councils
State Senators
Private Sector
Community
NGO’s
Historical changes took place
Leadership, governance based on citizen support and political Will, helped built significant historical changes in strategic sectors: Reform the oil and gas sector:
1. Colombia is close to produce 1 million barrels per day from 250.000 in 2002. 2. Ecopetrol Reform 3. Created the National Hydrocarbon Agency
Reform the Telecom Sector:1. Restructure the Colombian Telecommunications Agency
Reform the Colombian Social Security Agency More than 2000 criminals were extradited Paramilitary structures were dismantled FARC suffered its biggest historical defeats Colombia experienced its largest historical FDI flows Biggest historical reduction in illicit crops More than 10 FTA’s signed and negotiated Largest historical health and education coverage Largest historical credit expansion Largest historical tourism flows to the country