conferences to confederation
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Socials 10TRANSCRIPT
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CONFEDERATION CONFERENCES
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WORKIN’ IT OUT…
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IT ALL STARTED IN CHARLOTTETOWN, P.E.I.Charlottetown Conference, August 1864
• In attendance: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, P.E.I, Canada (United Province of Canada)
• Result: Idea of Maritime Union set aside. Decide to meet in Quebec City.
• The Maritime colonies were already meeting to discuss Maritime Union • Delegates from Canada East and West travelled to Charlottetown to pitch the
idea of a bigger union. They showed up with plenty of champagne and got to work.
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ON TO QUEBEC CITY Quebec Conference, October 1864
• In attendance: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, P.E.I, Canada East, Canada West, Newfoundland
• Result: 72 Resolutions outlined the details of Confederation.
• BUT… The governments of each colony had to pass the 72 resolutions in order for the colonies to join.
• It was politics in the day, and parties at night. With the railways picking up many of the bills.
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TO JOIN, OR NOT TO JOIN,THAT IS THE QUESTION!
NOW IT’S YOUR TURN
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CONFEDERATION CONFERENCE. ROUND 1
• You will each be assigned a colony and will meet up with the other members of your legislature.
• Look at the information provided and on your own answer these questions on a piece of paper: What are the most important points for/against Confederation. Would you support joining?
• Elect a speaker for your colony who will share your group’s decision and most important points. You will have 2 minutes MAX to share your points so make them good!
• When other colonies are sharing their points you need to be listening and/or taking notes so you can use them to help make your decision.
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CONFEDERATION CONFERENCE ROUND 2
• Colonies will then elect a different speaker who will try to convince other groups that Confederation is a the right, or wrong, way forward.
• Then each colony will vote on whether they join Confederation or not.
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COMPARE YOUR DECISIONS WITH HISTORY
COLONY FOR or AGAISNT
LEADERS ARGUMENTS YEAR ENTERED
Canada East
Canada West
New Brunswick
P.E.I.
Nova Scotia
Newfoundland
Use pages 44-50 in ‘Challenges of the West’ to fill out this chart in your notes.
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THE RESULTS • At the London Conference in 1866 British Parliament signed off on
the British North America Act (BNA Act), uniting New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, and Ontario.
• The BNA act was based on the 72 resolutions.
• The Dominion of Canada came into being on July 1, 1867.
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SO WHAT DID THEY AGREE TO?• A reorganization of government based on British and American models
FROM THE BRITISH MODEL
• Queen as head of state, represented in Canada by the Governor General
• Parliamentary government with prime minister and cabinet who controlled government policy. Prime Minister and cabinet were members of the party that had the most seats in the House of Commons.
• House of Commons was made of individuals from each province elected by the people. Quebec was guaranteed 65 members, the rest was based on population
• A second house of Parliament, called the senate, was to double check the laws passed by Parliament.
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SO WHAT DID THEY AGREE TO? FROM THE AMERICAN MODEL
• Idea of a federal union. Federal government makes decisions that deal with entire nation and provinces deals with its own issues separately.
• The division of powers between federal and provincial was influenced by the American Civil War. Which was fought over the rights of individual states.
• Macdonald wanted the federal government to be stronger than the provincial government to prevent the same thing from happening in Canada.
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THE DIVISION OF POWER
FEDERAL
• Anything that affected the whole country
• defence
• immigration,
• international affairs
• postal service
• money
• criminal code
• aboriginal land and people
PROVINCIAL
• The leftovers
• education
• transportation
• hospitals
• licenses
Hammered out by the 72 Resolutions
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• A railway connecting Halifax with the St. Lawrence River with plans to expand further.
• Federal government absorbed all the provinces debts (and much of their income too)
THE PROMISES
• The rights of French speaking people were protected. French- Canadians could keep their own province, language, schools, and religion.
• Roman-Catholic and Protestant schools were guaranteed. Both English and French were to be used in central Parliament, Quebec Parliament, and federal courts.
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AND FINALLY…Now that the political wheeling and dealing is over, please answer this question on your own and hand it in. Point form is ok.
• Imagine this… what would have happened if Confederation completely failed. What would Canada look like? Would we be French, American, First Nations? What would we be called?