conference of hydromechanizers of siberia

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CHRONICLES CONFERENCE OF HYDROMECHANIZERS OF SIBERIA D. V. Roshchupkin In recent years hydromechanization has found increasing use in various branches of the economy of Siberia, primarily in hydraulic, power, transportation, and industrial construction and mining of coal and nonminerals. In conjunction with this the hydraulic method of operation in this region is characterized by a number of common fea- tures related with the climatic and working conditions and they should be taken into consideration more fully in plan- ning and introducing hydromechanization. A regular seminar of hydromechanizers of Siberia was created under the Novosibirsk regional council of scientific-technical societies for coorai~ating research, study and dissemination of advanced experience, and determination of the prospects of the further development of hydromechanization. Its work program calls for holding annual scientific-technical conferences. The first such conference was held in 1973, the second is planned for the fourth quarter of 1974. At the first conference 32 reports were presented and discussed, which were arranged into the following four groups: "Prolongation of the work season under rigorous climatic conditions, -Excavation of earth, earth intake devices, and loading arrangements," "Pressurized hydraulic transport," and "Improvement of equipment and tech- nology." In the first group V. I. Zubkov's report was devoted to a determination of the temperature regime of non- freezing bodies of water and soils occuring on their bottom. It was established that it is possible to work year-round on many saline lakes (Kuchuk in the Kulunda steppe, Zhengel'dy in Ekibastuz, etc.), since their freezing tempera- ture is close to -30~ To prolong the operating season of dredges in fresh bodies of water, nonfreezing water areas are created by mixing the relatively warm bottom layers. The calculated relationships for determining the heat bal- ance of a nonfreezing water area were presented in the report of G. A. Rasponin. For the effective use of the bearing capacity of the ice cover when working in the winter A. E. Yakunin pro- posed mathematical relationships for determining strains and stresses in the ice cover with consideration of the rime factor of load application. 13. V. Roshchupkin reported on methods of preparing bottom deposits for excavation by suction dredges during the winter. Yu. A. Popov proposed a method of selecting the design values of meteorological elements in thermal calculations of winter hydromechanization operations based on computer calculations of correlation equations for de- termining the wind speed and humidity for the main regions of Siberia for 10 continuous years. N. D. Yush reported on an instrument for measuring the temperature of water and ice which is based on the general-purpose MT-54 semi- conductor thermometer with a time per measurement not exceeding 4 sec. A. A. Tsernant proposed an algorithm for determining the expedient length of the work season with consider- ation of the spectral characteristics of the initial parameters for different conditions of the required reliability of the forecast for long-range planning and operative control of the sequence of operations of winter hydromechanization. Another report by this author gave recommendations on the use of hydromechanizarion in building structures in per- mafrost regions. It was pointed out that the intensity of the thermal effect of a structure on a permafrost foundation whichis hydraulically-filled during construction is 1.5-2.8 times greater than in the case of filling by the dry (excava- tor) method. Therefore, hydromechanization shouM be given preference where construction calls for thawing of struc- ture foundations. A. G. Gerasimov shared his experience on hydraulic filling of flood-plain embankmen= with beach slopes in the northern regions of the Tyumen district. The main virtues of this method are the technological simplicity and economic effect obtained by eliminating the protective covering of the submerged part of the slopes and multipur- Pose use of the wide above-water parts for temporary roads, power transmission lines, communication lines, etc. Yu. A. Popov analyzed the causes of winter health and safety problems at hydromechanization installations and rec- ommendations on increasing the safety of performing hydromechanized works during the winter. Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 5, pp. 56-57, May, 1974. 482

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CHRONICLES

CONFERENCE OF HYDROMECHANIZERS OF SIBERIA

D. V. Roshchupkin

In recent years hydromechanization has found increasing use in various branches of the economy of Siberia, primarily in hydraulic, power, transportation, and industrial construction and mining of coal and nonminerals. In conjunction with this the hydraulic method of operation in this region is characterized by a number of common fea- tures related with the climatic and working conditions and they should be taken into consideration more fully in plan- ning and introducing hydromechanization. A regular seminar of hydromechanizers of Siberia was created under the Novosibirsk regional council of scientific-technical societies for coorai~ating research, study and dissemination of advanced experience, and determination of the prospects of the further development of hydromechanization. Its work program calls for holding annual scientific-technical conferences. The first such conference was held in 1973, the second is planned for the fourth quarter of 1974.

At the first conference 32 reports were presented and discussed, which were arranged into the following four groups: "Prolongation of the work season under rigorous climatic conditions, �9 -Excavation of earth, earth intake devices, and loading arrangements," "Pressurized hydraulic transport," and "Improvement of equipment and tech- nology." In the first group V. I. Zubkov's report was devoted to a determination of the temperature regime of non- freezing bodies of water and soils occuring on their bottom. It was established that it is possible to work year-round on many saline lakes (Kuchuk in the Kulunda steppe, Zhengel'dy in Ekibastuz, etc.), since their freezing tempera- ture is close to -30~ To prolong the operating season of dredges in fresh bodies of water, nonfreezing water areas are created by mixing the relatively warm bottom layers. The calculated relationships for determining the heat bal- ance of a nonfreezing water area were presented in the report of G. A. Rasponin.

For the effective use of the bearing capacity of the ice cover when working in the winter A. E. Yakunin pro- posed mathematical relationships for determining strains and stresses in the ice cover with consideration of the rime factor of load application.

13. V. Roshchupkin reported on methods of preparing bottom deposits for excavation by suction dredges during the winter. Yu. A. Popov proposed a method of selecting the design values of meteorological elements in thermal calculations of winter hydromechanization operations based on computer calculations of correlation equations for de- termining the wind speed and humidity for the main regions of Siberia for 10 continuous years. N. D. Yush reported on an instrument for measuring the temperature of water and ice which is based on the general-purpose MT-54 semi- conductor thermometer with a time per measurement not exceeding 4 sec.

A. A. Tsernant proposed an algorithm for determining the expedient length of the work season with consider- ation of the spectral characteristics of the initial parameters for different conditions of the required reliability of the forecast for long-range planning and operative control of the sequence of operations of winter hydromechanization. Another report by this author gave recommendations on the use of hydromechanizarion in building structures in per- mafrost regions. It was pointed out that the intensity of the thermal effect of a structure on a permafrost foundation whichis hydraulically-filled during construction is 1.5-2.8 times greater than in the case of filling by the dry (excava- tor) method. Therefore, hydromechanization shouM be given preference where construction calls for thawing of struc- ture foundations.

A. G. Gerasimov shared his experience on hydraulic filling of flood-plain embankmen= with beach slopes in the northern regions of the Tyumen district. The main virtues of this method are the technological simplicity and economic effect obtained by eliminating the protective covering of the submerged part of the slopes and multipur- Pose use of the wide above-water parts for temporary roads, power transmission lines, communication lines, etc. Yu. A. Popov analyzed the causes of winter health and safety problems at hydromechanization installations and rec- ommendations on increasing the safety of performing hydromechanized works during the winter.

Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 5, pp. 56-57, May, 1974.

482

HYDROMECHANIZERS OF SIBERIA 483

The characteristics of the excavation and loading of earth by hydromechanical means under conditions of the North and Siberia were reflected in a number of reports of the second group. V. N. Mikhel'son reported on the high effectiveness of using hydraulic scarifiers on dredges of the OB Basin Administration, which are engaged in deepen- ing the bottom. The work-time utilization factor here reached 7%83% and product/vity 0.8-0.9 of the technical maximum. Yu. M. Kuznetsov reported on the expediency of using helical moldboards on plow-type cutters of suc- tion dredges instead of spherical and conical ones. It was established by laboratory investigations and field tests on the ZRS-1 dredge that helical moldboards when cutting cohesive soils increase production by 15% on the average with almost half the energy use. V. T. Pimenov recommended using sets of interchangeable cutting edges for in- creasing the life of plow-type cutters. In this case interchangeable edges of different types are provided for increas- ing flexibility: smooth for excavating cohesive soils, wavy for peat deposits and soddy soils, and edges with teeth for cohesionless and cemented soils.

The effectiveness of modernizing the AZV-2M loader was reported by E. M. Shparberg, E. K. Korzyukov, L. R. Gal'perin, and N. V. Timoshneko. As a result of moderrdzation the automatic control system was improved, the reliability of the shut-off elements and, in general, of the regime of hydraulic transport with a uniform and sta- ble wash-out of the soils was increased, as was the productivity of the device. E. lvl. Shparberg, Sh. I. Aksenov, and Yu. Ya. Filin presented data of investigations of a loading arrangement for hydraulic transport of highly concentrated water-coal slurries; the authors developed a method of calculation and recommendations on design.

The third group of reports was concerned with problems of pressurized hydraulic transport of granular materials. E. M. Shparberg reported on a graph-analytic method of calculating mine-shaft hydraulic flushing pipelines, which amounted to selecting the optimal consistency of the flushing mixture and range of its regulation for given charac- teristics of the mud pump and profile of hying the pipeline.

In connection with the expansion of a concentration plant is was necessary to reconstruct the system for hy- draulically transporting tailmgs. The results of investigations on the basis of which this reconstruction was accom- plished were presented in the report of A. M. Motinov, V. P. Demshin, and T. T. Pakhomov.

The resuks of constructing, testing, and introducing systems for hydraulic transport of loosened semirock over- burden on coal sections of the Kuzbas were reported by engineers A. A. Belov and A. A. Kazachenko. The use of a set of special machines along with the AZT-500 tubular loading device reduced the cost of hydraulic transport; it was one-half the cost of railroad and one-third the lost of truck transport. Yu. Ya. Kurlov reported on the use of drum crushers for crushing and classifying rock in mines before loading into the pressure pipeline.

The last, fourth group of reports was devoted to comprehensive investigations of processes in hydromechahiza- lion and to improvement of equipment and technology. V.F. Boiko reported on a study of the operation of air-lift devices. An analysis of the characteristics of an air lift obtained by solving the equation of mukicomponent flows on a computer and of an experimental investigation established that the efficiency of an air lift reaches a maximum at the time of occurrence of a self-preserving state of the coupling coefficient between the feed and true gas con- tent of the flow of the mixture with respect to the Froude number.

The report of E. K. Korzyukov, E. M. Shparberg, and Sh. I. Aksanov was devoted to the current state and long- range plan of development of hydraulic flushing in the Kuzbas. The report of G. A. Strekachinskii analyzed the the- oretical principles of organizing new hydraulic mines with respect to the following three aspects: mining work in the plane of the coal seam, hydraulic transport of the material at the mining level, and hydraulic hoisting to the sur- face.

A combined method of excavating the overbtaden of quarries by caving the rocks by means of a bench-under- cutting machine, washing away the caved soil by monitors, and hydraulic transport by a suction plant was considered in the report of ~. G. Chaikovskii, Yu. G. Gorbachev, and K. A. Oseev.

A report on an analysis of various methods of excavating an iron ore pit was made by O. F. Barynshaikov; the best economically was the combined system in the case of stripping and preparing new horizons with the use of rotary- hydraulic complexes, and in the case of expanding the upper horizon the system employing monitor and suction plants. The technological scheme of hydromechanical excavation of the overburden of coal sections in benches in the Kuz- bas was analyzed in the report of ~. P. Chaikovskii. Investigation of th new technology of hydraulic mining of non- ore materials in quarries of the Urals was the theme of T. I. Penyaskin's report. Special attention was paid to im- provement of the devices for hydraulic classification of inert materials.

484 D.V. ROSHCHUPKIN

The report of V. P. gogaenko and D. V. Roshchupkin presented the requirements imposed on northern versions of suction dredges and the main designs on the basis of using the "Sevemoe Siyanie" gas-turbine power plant and other sources of electricity.

Y-u. P. Zamyatin and P. I. Yurin reported the results of investigations to increase the wear resistance and re- liability of underground high-pressure monitors engaged in hydraulic mining of coal in the Kuzbas. V.V. Nikitin reported on the results of field tests of new hydromechanization equipment: the dump bridges of the 12A-4 suction dredge, 20GRut-8 dredge pump, and 12NZU-MV suction plant. Pointing out the overall favorable results, he stressed at the same time the need to improve certain parts. To provide an optimal operating regime of the diesel engines of river suction dredges, A. A. Martynov in his report recommended installing ORD-M optimal regulators. By so do- ing the engine is operated at a constant torque.

Technical films made to order for scientific and industrial organizations were shown at the conference: �9 Hy- dromechanization under Siberian conditions," "Hydromechanization during construction in swampy areas," and "Hy- dromechahization during hydraulic filling of the earth dam in the flood plain of the Yugan Oh." Technical trips were made after the meetings. The resolution of the conference noted in particular the usefulness of the seminar and the desirability of holding such annual zonal conferences.

Applications for participating in the work of the conference should be sent to: 630099, Novosibirsk, u. Potan- inskaya, d. 3, Oblsovet NTO. Seminar of Hydromechanizers of Siberia.