Cone collection &

handling

Cone collection needs good

planning

don’t get caught in the bed

Cone collection &

handling

➢Cone and seed maturation

➢Insects and rust damages

➢Gain of seed per liter/cone

➢Risk of frost damages

➢When to start collection

➢Storage and cleening cones

➢Need a good organization

➢Equipment

➢Risks and responsibilities

Cone collection &

handling

Analysis of cone-samples

•>100 cones from 10 trees

•All levels in the crown

•Kiln, seed extraction, dewinging

•AP, gain of filled seeds/liter and

cone, seed weight

Cone collection &

handling

Grobarhet %

= 90 - 100

= 75 - 90

= 0 - 50

= 50 - 75

Cone collection &

handling

SprucePine

>200

125 - 199

75 - 124

0 - 74

uppgift saknas

The Swedish National Forest

Inventory

Cone collection &

handling

When to collect?

Time

Maturation

Anatomic

mat.Physioligic

mat.

15-sept

Cone collection &

handling

Anatomic maturation

- Cell division, embryo growth

- Ends in mid-September,

- or at collection time

Cone collection &

handling

Physiological maturation

- Processes within the seed,

enzyme development, fat to

carbohydrates etc.

- Can be accomplished in a cone

storage

- Germination rate and

percentage is increased

Cone collection &

handling

➢ Clean cones

➢ +5-15⁰C

➢ Cones >50% MC

➢ Ventilated

Post collection storage

Cone collection &

handling

Kiln

+55°C

Cone collection &

handling

Moisture content

Te

mp

era

ture

Cone collection &

handling

Hours in kiln

Gain

of

seed

(%

)

Cone collection &

handling

Cone collection &

handling

Seed extraction

Cone collection &

handling

Dewinging

Cone collection &

handling

Cleaning

Cone collection &

handling

Cone collection &

handling

Seed storage

Cone collection &

handling

To IDS treatment

To Nursery

IDS Treatment

Small Nursey = 10 000 000 seedlings

1% = 100 000 seedlings

IDS Treatment

Invigouration

Drying

Separation

A method to sort out

dead seeds

IDS Treatment

Invigouration

• 30% MC

• +5° to +15°C

• 3 to 50 days

Drying

IDS Treatment

• 3 to 8 hours in a fluid dryer

Separation

IDS Treatment

Separation

IDS Treatment

”Seed sources”

(roughly)

• Stand seed

• Orchard seed

• Rotted cuttings

• Somatic embryo

• Cost

• Genetic gain

• Genetic diversity

• Availability

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2001

2002

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

Orc

ha

rd s

ee

d

Orchard seed P.sylvestris

Orchard seed P.abies

Source:

The Swedish Forest Agency