conditions/diseases of the skeletal and muscular systems
TRANSCRIPT
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Conditions/Diseases of the Skeletal and Muscular
Systems
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Bones become thinner and weaker with age
Osteoperosis begins between ages 30 and 40
Women lose 8% of
bone mass per decade, men 3%
Clinical ConditionsOsteoporosis
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ScoliosisAbnormal lateral curvature of the spine“S” shapedOccurs most often in the thoracic regionMost common during adolescence and girls
are more prone to developing the conditionIf muscles on one side of the body are not
functioning properly, those on the opposite side tug on the spine and force it out of alignment
Treated with body braces or surgically before the growth period ends to prevent permanent deformity or breathing difficulties
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Clinical Conditions
GigantismChildhood hyper secretion of
growth hormone by the pituitary gland causes excessive growth.
Pituitary dwarfismGrowth hormone deficiency in
children resulting in extremely short long bones and maximum stature of 4 feet.
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Fractures - A break in the bone
Closed – bone breaks cleanly
Open – the broken bone ends have broken through the skin
Greenstick – bone splits and bends, does not break (seen only in children)
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Spiral fractures
Figure 6–16 (4 of 9)
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Figure 6–16 (6 of 9)
Colles’ fracture
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Figure 6–16 (7 of 9)
Greenstick fracture
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Comminuted fractures
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Figure 6–16 (9 of 9)
Compression fractures
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Depression fracture of the skull
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Fixing an Open Fracture
Video 2
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Symptoms of Fractures
SwellingPAIN/TendernessDeformity – unnatural angle or positionBruising/discolorationInability to move body part - bear weightGrating sound - squeakingExposed fragmentsSometimes no symptoms
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Sprains - An injury to a ligament
Mild (1st degree) – overstretched ligament
Moderate (2nd degree)– partial tear
Severe (3rd degree) – complete tear
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Ankle Sprains
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Symptoms of SprainsSwellingTendernessPain in motionBruising/discolorationJoint laxity
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Strains - An injury to a muscle/tendon
Symptoms:SwellingTendernessPainBruisingDeformity
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More conditions
Tendonitis – inflammation of the tendon
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Examples of Strains
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DefinitionA skeletal joint is a point at which two bones meet. This is sometimes called an articulation.
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Dislocations - Displacement of the bone
The joint is pushed beyond its normal range of motion
Symptoms:Deformity of jointSevere painSwelling around jointBruisingInability to move injured area
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More Conditions
Bursitis – inflammation of the sac (bursa) near the joint
Bursa – small sac containing fluid that lies between tendons and bones
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Arthritis - Inflammation in and around the joint
100 different types; most common disease in the world
SymptomsJoint stiffnessPain on movementLocal weaknessSwelling
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First Aid
R – restI - iceC - compressionE - elevation