CONCRETE DETAIL CONCRETE DETAIL AND COMMENTARYAND COMMENTARY

Notes about Concrete Notes about Concrete Details (CD)Details (CD)

They must be facts—provable through They must be facts—provable through observation, if not general information.observation, if not general information.

You must state them STRONGLY; if you are You must state them STRONGLY; if you are prefacing it with “maybe” or “perhaps” or prefacing it with “maybe” or “perhaps” or “could,” then its not specific or concrete “could,” then its not specific or concrete enough enough

You need at least two per paragraph to You need at least two per paragraph to reinforce your point reinforce your point

Think: “For example…”Think: “For example…”

Notes about Commentary Notes about Commentary (CM)(CM)

It is your opinion, interpretation, insight, analysis, It is your opinion, interpretation, insight, analysis, personal response, feelings (your own in a personal personal response, feelings (your own in a personal paper, a character’s feelings in a literature paper), paper, a character’s feelings in a literature paper), evaluation, explication, and reflection about a evaluation, explication, and reflection about a concrete detail in an essay.concrete detail in an essay.

It echoes the focus in your thesis and topic It echoes the focus in your thesis and topic sentences. sentences.

It should always strengthen and extend the concrete It should always strengthen and extend the concrete detail—explaining what you mean, reinforcing the detail—explaining what you mean, reinforcing the truth of the fact, showing how or why it is important truth of the fact, showing how or why it is important and not straying off of the main thought.and not straying off of the main thought.

Notes about Commentary Notes about Commentary continued…continued…

You must have more commentary than You must have more commentary than you have fact. Ideally, two per fact.you have fact. Ideally, two per fact.

State it strongly, State it strongly, as if it were un-as if it were un-debatabledebatable. No “maybe” or “perhaps” or . No “maybe” or “perhaps” or “possibly” etc.“possibly” etc.

No “I think”—we already know that; No “I think”—we already know that; you’re the one writing the essay.you’re the one writing the essay.

Think: “This shows that…”Think: “This shows that…”

What does CM look like?What does CM look like?This paragraph has a topic sentence, three This paragraph has a topic sentence, three

sentences of CD, and a concluding sentence. The sentences of CD, and a concluding sentence. The only CM is underlined.only CM is underlined.

Driving in the fog of Sacramento was a Driving in the fog of Sacramento was a frighteningfrightening experience. For example, no signs were visible from experience. For example, no signs were visible from the freeway, so I couldn’t see if there were any gas the freeway, so I couldn’t see if there were any gas stations nearby to fill my near-empty tank. In addition, it stations nearby to fill my near-empty tank. In addition, it was 12:00 noon, and the fog was so thick that I was 12:00 noon, and the fog was so thick that I couldn’t read the exit signs until I started passing them. couldn’t read the exit signs until I started passing them. Furthermore, a police car suddenly appeared ahead Furthermore, a police car suddenly appeared ahead and drove at forty miles per hour for the next thirty and drove at forty miles per hour for the next thirty minutes, and none of us was allowed to pass him. minutes, and none of us was allowed to pass him. When I finally reached Sacramento that day, a When I finally reached Sacramento that day, a great great sense of reliefsense of relief permeated my body and mind. permeated my body and mind.

This sample has CM inserted in the paragraph. This sample has CM inserted in the paragraph. Which sentences are CM or contain CM?Which sentences are CM or contain CM?

Watching a high school football game outside in winter is Watching a high school football game outside in winter is insane. insane. For example, the cold temperatures make steam rise For example, the cold temperatures make steam rise from the football players who have gotten hot playing the from the football players who have gotten hot playing the game. All you have to do to realize the extent of the freezing game. All you have to do to realize the extent of the freezing temperatures is watch the steam rising from their heads when temperatures is watch the steam rising from their heads when they take off their helmets on the sidelines. When they get set they take off their helmets on the sidelines. When they get set on the line of scrimmage, they make it look like a fire was just on the line of scrimmage, they make it look like a fire was just put out on the field.put out on the field. In addition, everyone who comes to the In addition, everyone who comes to the game is bundled up so that they can keep warm throughout game is bundled up so that they can keep warm throughout the game. Although this is the goal, it rarely works. The cold the game. Although this is the goal, it rarely works. The cold has a way of seeping in and settling into your bones, despite has a way of seeping in and settling into your bones, despite the amount of clothing and blankets you are wrapped in. the amount of clothing and blankets you are wrapped in. Furthermore, when there are lots of people out for a game, Furthermore, when there are lots of people out for a game, lines start to form everywhere. If you want a warm hot dog lines start to form everywhere. If you want a warm hot dog or cup of coffee, it is ages before it is your turn to get your or cup of coffee, it is ages before it is your turn to get your food. By the time you get back to your seat, everything is food. By the time you get back to your seat, everything is cold and therefore, lost most of its purpose. In winter, I cold and therefore, lost most of its purpose. In winter, I prefer to watch the games on TV and laugh at the crazy prefer to watch the games on TV and laugh at the crazy people sitting in the stands. people sitting in the stands.

This sample has CM inserted in the paragraph. The This sample has CM inserted in the paragraph. The underlinedunderlined sentences are CM or contain CM. sentences are CM or contain CM.

Watching a high school football game outside in winter is Watching a high school football game outside in winter is insaneinsane. For example, the cold temperatures make steam rise . For example, the cold temperatures make steam rise from the football players who have gotten hot playing the from the football players who have gotten hot playing the game. game. All you have to do to realize the extent of the All you have to do to realize the extent of the freezing temperatures is watch the steam rising from their freezing temperatures is watch the steam rising from their heads when they take off their helmets on the sidelinesheads when they take off their helmets on the sidelines. . When they get set on the line of scrimmage, they make it When they get set on the line of scrimmage, they make it look like a fire was just put out on the fieldlook like a fire was just put out on the field. . In addition, In addition, everyone who comes to the game is bundled up so that they everyone who comes to the game is bundled up so that they can keep warm throughout the game. can keep warm throughout the game. Although this is the Although this is the goal, it rarely worksgoal, it rarely works. . The cold has a way of seeping in and The cold has a way of seeping in and settling into your bones, despite the amount of clothing settling into your bones, despite the amount of clothing and blankets you are wrapped inand blankets you are wrapped in. Furthermore, when there . Furthermore, when there are lots of people out for a game, lines start to form are lots of people out for a game, lines start to form everywhere. everywhere. If you want a warm hot dog or cup of coffee, it If you want a warm hot dog or cup of coffee, it is ages before it is your turn to get your foodis ages before it is your turn to get your food. . By the time By the time you get back to your seat, everything is cold and therefore, you get back to your seat, everything is cold and therefore, lost most of its purposelost most of its purpose. In winter, I prefer to watch the . In winter, I prefer to watch the games on TV and laugh at the games on TV and laugh at the crazycrazy people sitting in the people sitting in the stands. stands.

What Commentary IS NOT What Commentary IS NOT or DOES NOT DO:or DOES NOT DO:

Generic:Generic:(LIT-BAD): “Brother was cruel to Doodle when he was (LIT-BAD): “Brother was cruel to Doodle when he was

growing up. For example, he made him touch the growing up. For example, he made him touch the coffin in the loft. This was mean of him. He wasn’t coffin in the loft. This was mean of him. He wasn’t being very nice.”being very nice.”

(LIT-GOOD): “Brother was cruel to Doodle when he (LIT-GOOD): “Brother was cruel to Doodle when he was growing up. For example, he made him touch was growing up. For example, he made him touch the coffin in the loft. He didn’t care about hurting the coffin in the loft. He didn’t care about hurting Doodle’s feelings by forcing him to face a symbol of Doodle’s feelings by forcing him to face a symbol of his own death. All he cared about was not feeling his own death. All he cared about was not feeling ashamed of an invalid brother.”ashamed of an invalid brother.”

Drift from the topic sentence:Drift from the topic sentence:

(PER-BAD): “I like camping more than anything. For (PER-BAD): “I like camping more than anything. For example, the air is clean and clear. It feels good to example, the air is clean and clear. It feels good to breathe it after the smog of New York City. I wonder breathe it after the smog of New York City. I wonder if the Native Americans appreciated the clean air if the Native Americans appreciated the clean air they had.”they had.”

(PER-GOOD): “I like camping more than anything. For (PER-GOOD): “I like camping more than anything. For example, the air is clean and clear. It feels good to example, the air is clean and clear. It feels good to breathe it after the smog of New York City. My lungs breathe it after the smog of New York City. My lungs always feel healthier after some time in the always feel healthier after some time in the mountains.”mountains.”

Disguised as Concrete Detail:Disguised as Concrete Detail:

(LIT-BAD): “Brother was cruel to Doodle when he was (LIT-BAD): “Brother was cruel to Doodle when he was growing up. For example, he made him touch the growing up. For example, he made him touch the coffin in the loft. They were in the barn when he coffin in the loft. They were in the barn when he touched it. The parents had kept the coffin even touched it. The parents had kept the coffin even though they didn’t need it.”though they didn’t need it.”

(LIT-GOOD): “Brother was cruel to Doodle when he (LIT-GOOD): “Brother was cruel to Doodle when he was growing up. For example, he made him touch was growing up. For example, he made him touch the coffin in the loft. He didn’t care about hurting the coffin in the loft. He didn’t care about hurting Doodle’s feelings by forcing him to face a symbol of Doodle’s feelings by forcing him to face a symbol of his own death. All he cared about was not feeling his own death. All he cared about was not feeling ashamed of an invalid brother.”ashamed of an invalid brother.”

Repeats itself:Repeats itself:

(PER-BAD): “Football is a fun sport. For example, we (PER-BAD): “Football is a fun sport. For example, we get to play in front of lots of people. It’s fun to do that. get to play in front of lots of people. It’s fun to do that. I like to play in front of a crowd a lot.”I like to play in front of a crowd a lot.”

(PER-GOOD): “Football is a fun sport. For example, we (PER-GOOD): “Football is a fun sport. For example, we get to play in front of lots of people. I like the feeling get to play in front of lots of people. I like the feeling of having my friends and classmates cheering me of having my friends and classmates cheering me on. It’s exciting when the crowd encourages us to do on. It’s exciting when the crowd encourages us to do our best to win.” our best to win.”

Contradict the topic sentence:Contradict the topic sentence:

(LIT-BAD): “Brother was cruel to Doodle when he was (LIT-BAD): “Brother was cruel to Doodle when he was growing up. For example, he made him touch the growing up. For example, he made him touch the coffin in the loft. Brother was just embarrassed by coffin in the loft. Brother was just embarrassed by Doodle. He didn’t really mean to hurt his feelings.”Doodle. He didn’t really mean to hurt his feelings.”

(LIT-GOOD): “Brother was cruel to Doodle when he (LIT-GOOD): “Brother was cruel to Doodle when he was growing up. For example, he made him touch was growing up. For example, he made him touch the coffin in the loft. This was a mean and heartless the coffin in the loft. This was a mean and heartless thing to do to his little brother. All he cared about was thing to do to his little brother. All he cared about was not being ashamed of an invalid brother.”not being ashamed of an invalid brother.”