concern for india due to environmental changes that are occuring in the country and the globe

7/29/2019 Concern for India Due to Environmental Changes That Are Occuring in the Country and the Globe

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ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNSIN

INDIA


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INTRODUCTIONA countrys environmental problems vary

with its stage of development, structure of its

economy, production technologies in use and its

environmental policies. While some problemsmay be associated with the lack of economic

development (e.g. inadequate sanitation and

clean drinking water), others are exacerbated

by the growth of economic activity (e.g. air andwater pollution). Poverty presents special

problems for a densely populated country with

limited resources.


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

1. Land/Soil Degradation

2. Deforestation

3. Atmospheric Pollution

4. Water Pollution5. Solid Wastes

6. Coastal And Marine Pollution

7. Green House Gasses

8. Danger To Biodiversity

9. Noise Pollution


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Land/Soil Degradation

Most of the land area inthe country showevidence of degradation,

thus affecting theproductive resource baseof the economy. Out ofthe total geographical

areas of 329 millionhectares, 175 millionhectares are considereddegraded


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DeforestationIndia is witnessing a rising demand for forest-based products.

This is causing deforestation and encroachment into forest

protected areas, which leads to a severe loss of natural

resources.

It is estimated that total industrial round wood consumption inIndia could exceed 70 million m3 per year by the end of the

decade (350,000 large shipping containers), while domestic

supply would fall short of this figure by an estimated 14 million

m3.

As the nation will have to depend heavily on imports to meet

this growing demand, there is fear that this could result in loss

of high conservation value forests and biodiversity elsewhere.


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ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION

Air pollution is widespread in thecountry and regular monitoringis being carried out under theNational Ambient Air Qualitymonitoring System. A high level

of Suspended Particulate Matter(SPM) is the most prevalentform of air pollution (Table 11.3).High concentration of SulphurDioxide (SO2) and SPM occur inabout 20 percent of the cities so

monitored. High domestic useof coal or bio-mass fuel is still aserious problem in high humanexposure to SO2, SPM andcarcinogenic agents.


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WATER POLLUTION

The rising industrial and domestic wastes haveresulted in heavy stress of pollution of water bodiessuch as lakes, rivers, coastal areas and undergroundsources. A 1994 survey of groundwater quality at 138sampling locations in 22 industrialized zones

indicated that water was unfit for drinking due tohigh bacteriological and heavy metalcontamination. As per data generated by CPCB,mean B.O.D values have shown a marginal increase

in all the 28 major rivers between 1979-91. Minimumand maximum coli form values have shown manyfold increase over the same period indicating severepollution.


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SOLID WASTESUnregulated growth of urban areas

without necessary infra-structural services and propercollection, transportation,treatment and disposal of solid

wastes have resulted in increasedpollution and health hazard fromthese wastes. Urban Municipal

Wastes (MSW) is a heterogeneousmixture of paper, plastic, cloth,metal, glass, organic matter etc.generated from households,

commercial establishments andmarkets. Based on surveys carriedout, the urban MSW generated in1997 is estimated at 48 milliontonnes.


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COASTAL AND MARINE

POLLUTIONThese coastal areas are exposed toenvironmental stress for several reasons whichinclude the following :1. Land based sources of pollution resulting from ship breaking,

transport, tourism and industrial activities including oil spills,the discharge of sewage and industrial effluent sand a heavyload of sediments.

2. l Prawn culture activities and aqua culture farms along thecoastal land on the East Coast.

3. l Unplanned and improper development activities withoutappropriate coastal zone management plans.

4. l Shipping and sea based activities including oil spills, sludgedisposal and mining in coastal areas.

5. l Offshore petroleum and gas exploration.


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NOISE POLLUTIONAfter vehicular emission, noise pollution is the second most hazardous

pollutant of environment from the health point of view. EncyclopediaBritannica (1968) and Encyclopedia Americana (1973) define noise asundesired and unwanted sound respectively. The net effects of hightraffic intensity in noise pollution in the city are well-known facts. As perrecord, Mumbai is the noisiest city of the world with average noise level of

75 dBA, which in Delhi it varies between 75-80 dBA.

Types of effects health hazards


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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONSIndia has experienced a dramatic growth in fossil fuel CO2

emissions, and the data compiled by various agenciesshows an increase of nearly 5.9 % since 1950. At presentIndia is rated as the 6th largest contributor of CO2 emissionsbehind China, the 2nd largest contributor. Fossil fuel

emissions in India continue to result largely from coalburning.

The energy sector is the largest contributor of carbon dioxideemissions in India. The national inventory of greenhouse

gases indicates that 55% of the total national emissionscome from energy sector. These include emissions fromroad transport, burning of traditional bio-mass fuels, coalmining, and fugitive emissions from oil and natural gas.


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DANGER TO OUR BOIDIVERSITY

Such over-exploitation and loss of habitat isleading to the extinction of various plants, animalsand microbial species. According to estimates, over1500 plant species are endangered and about 79mammals, 44 birds, 15 reptiles, 3 amphibians andseveral insects are listed as endangered. Such abiological impoverishment of the country is a

serious threat to sustainable advances in biologicalproductivity as gene erosion also erodes theprospects for deriving full economic and ecologicalbenefits from recent advances in molecular

biology and genetic engineering.


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REMEDIES

1. Notification and implementation of emission andeffluent standards for air, water and noise levels.Standards are formulated by a multidisciplinary groupkeeping in view the international standards, existing

technologies and impact on health and environment.2. Action Plans for 141 polluted river stretches to improve

quality of river water.

3. Setting up of Common Effluent Treatment Plants

(CETPs) for clusters of SSI units.

4. Implementation of an Eco-mark scheme to encourageproduction/consumption of environment friendlyproducts.


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PRESENTED BY,

GROUP NO:12AMISH KOKATE

UTSAV JAINGUNJAN SINGHVI

VIRAL JAIN

NEEL PASAD

KARISHMA GROVERCHIRAG SOLANKI

HUSSAIN KAGZI

NEHAL JAIN

concern for india due to environmental changes that are occuring in the country and the globe

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