conceptual framework lecture transp

7/25/2019 Conceptual Framework Lecture Transp

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Deductive and Inductive Thinking.

OR

Deductive and Inductive Research


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Deductive Thinking/Research:Moving from general (broader generalization to s!ecific

observation.

Informall" called as #to!$do%n#a!!roach.

&'am!le:

Theor" )"!othesis

Model

Observation

*onfirmation.


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Inductive Thinking/Research:

Moving from specific observations to broader

generalizations and theories.

Informally, called as #bottom u!#approach.

&'am!le:

Observation

)"!othesisModel

*onfirmation

Theor".


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Theoretical/ConceptualFramework


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Theoretical rame!or"

#lements of Theory

1. $oncepts

2. %ariables3. &tatement

4. ormat ' Modeling Schemes


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1. Concepts1. Concepts

It isIt is a generalized ideaor a mentalsymbol about an object, attribute,

occurrence etc.

Concepts are the blocks from whichConcepts are the blocks from whichtheories are built.theories are built.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea


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The conce!ts of each of the follo%ing are

different+ de!ending u! on the conte't in

%hich it is being used and %ho is going touse and %here,

* -O&R0

* -*)1IR0

* -M1R2&T0

* -I3D45TR60


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7. 8ariable/shen %e move from conce!tual to the em!irical

level in research+ conce!ts are converted into81RI19&5b" ma!!ing them into a set of value.

It is a measurable characteristic+ factor+ element ofan individual+ event or a s"stem etc.

&'am!le:Research related to the ;ob Turnover

8ariables of


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Type of %ariables.a. Independent, b. -ependent

!ample"!ample"I# some one works onI# some one works on $%&$%&

'(TI'F(CTI%)'(TI'F(CTI%) that are employeesthat are employees

satis*ed #rom their job+.satis*ed #rom their job+.

$ob satis#action is$ob satis#action is dependentdependent may bemay be

on" $ob Freedom, 'alary, Futureon" $ob Freedom, 'alary, Future

chances, Facilities aailable etc.chances, Facilities aailable etc.

$ob Freedom, 'alary, Future career,$ob Freedom, 'alary, Future career,

Facilities etc areFacilities etc are independentindependent


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?. 5tatement

It is a *onnection among conce!ts

%hich constitute a theor".


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Model:Model:It is a pattern, form,It is a pattern, form,

template, set of rules, structuretemplate, set of rules, structure

or workings of an object, system,or workings of an object, system,

or concept etc.or concept etc.

-. Format


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Theor" is generalization (not necessaril" b" all

arrived after verification.

* It is a sound set h"!othesis+ em!iricall" verifiedover a !eriod of time and su!!orted b" considerabl

evidences (not necessaril" b" all and ever"%here.

* In 5cience+ a theor" is a mathematical or logicale'!lanation+ or a testable model.

Theory


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hy people marry

hy people isit shrinesow media a0ect us+

hy people commit crime+

hy irls

are shy+

hy men

arelazy+ +


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hy people marry

hy people isit shrinesow media a0ect us+

hy people commit crime+

hy irls

are shy+

hy men

are lazy+ Theory


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&'am!le of Theor":

* 3oise adversel" affects the mental !uzzle

solving.

* /iberalization is the sol0tion of #conomy.

* omen are /azy.

* Men are brave.


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*once!tual/Theoretical >rame%ork.

* It is collection of interrelated to the topic

ideasconceptstheories b0t not necessarily so!ell !or"edo0t.

* 6 Theoretical rame!or" g0ides yo0r

research, determining !hat things yo0 !ill

meas0re, and !hat statistical relationships

yo0 !ill loo" for.


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h" *once!tual/Theoretical frame%ork, 3o matter ho% little "ou kno% about the to!ic+ and ho%

unbiased "ou are+ it is im!ossible for human being not tohave !re$conceived notions.

5ome !eo!le fundamentall" believe that:

* eo!le are basicall" laz" and untrust%orth".

* 8isiting 5hrines is %astage of time.

If the" conduct research on these issues+ the" have some!re$conceived notions in their mind+ hence the" can not

remain neutral.

In this sense+ "ou are al%a"s being guided b" a theoretical>rame%ork to understand and use the ideas of others %ho

have done similar %ork.


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$omponents of T

6. Inventory of variables.

7. &pecifying the directions of relationships.

$. #8planation of these relationship.

-. Ma"e an Inventory of propositionplanscheme

#. 6rrange these propositions in se90ential order.


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$omponents of Theoretical rame!or"'

&'am!le:

Research To!ic:;oint >amilies in akistan during the Modern &ra.

:esearch ;0estion'

Trend of joint families in Pakistan and causes if declinein their size?


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$onti'

1. Ma"e an inventory of variables' Identify the factors relevant to the :;.

These factors can be named as concepts'

a. #d0cation level of co0ple

b. 6ge of marriage

c. #8pos0re to media

d.


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2. &pecify the direction of relationships

*


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?. &'!lanation of these variables0 relationshi!s

>or getting higher education+ "oungsters have tos!end about @A "ears of their life in eduinstitutions. et us sa" the" com!lete theireducation at the age of 77 "ears. 1fter com!letingthe" s!end 7$? "ears for establishing themselves.During this !eriod+ the" continue differing theirmarriage. 9" the time the" decide about theirmarriage+ the" are about 7B "ears. *om!are thisage of marriage %ith the @A "ears age of marriage.Obviousl" %ith this higher age of marriage+ thereis a reduction in the re!roductive !eriod of%omen. 5imilarl"+ %e can develo! logic in su!!ort

of other !ro!osed relationshi!s

$onti'


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4. Ma"e an inventory of proposition and arrange

them into order

hen !eo!le get more edu so the" marr" late.

If the" marr" late+ there are the chances of reduction in there!roductive s"stem

hen the" are educated+ the" give birth to lesser children

etc. In that case %e can sa" that the size of famil" isaffected b" education.

Theor":

@. &ducated !eo!le have small size of famil".

7. &ducated !eo!le %ith smaller children have ha!!" life.


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:esearch topic'

%ol0ntary >ob T0rnover.

conceptual framework lecture transp

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