Concepts of Physical Activity and Sport in SocietyConcepts of Physical Activity and Sport in Society

What is the difference between the type of swimming taking place in these 3 photos?

Concepts of Concepts of Physical Activity in Physical Activity in

SocietySocietyAt the end of the lesson you should be able to:

- Understand the concepts of play, leisure, physical recreation, outdoor recreation, physical education and sport.

- Give examples of each of the above

- Understand the difference between each of the above concepts.

LEISURE

Bodily needs Work Duties Leisure

No choice Choice

This is the continuum of choice in activities

Leisure

Work

Duties

Bodily Needs

A typical breakdown of a persons week.

The Leisure ‘Umbrella’The Leisure ‘Umbrella’

Leisure

Play Physical Recreation

Outdoor Recreation

Sport

Why has there been a growth in leisure time in the last 50 years?

These activities can also be seen as a narrowing process

PlayPhysical

RecreationSport

What is it that changes as you move from play to sport?

Leisure

• An activity, apart from the obligations of work, family and society, to which the individual turns at will.

• The time left over when practical necessities have been attended to (i.e work, eating, sleeping, housework etc.)

• Give some examples of leisure activities.

• An opportunity for relaxation

Name as many phrases/words as you can that involve the word ‘play’

Play truantPlayfulPlay the gamePlayboyPlaying fieldPlay safePlaygroupPlay the fool

Play

• Enjoyable activity• Non serious• Non obligated• Spontaneous• Creative• Social

• Children play to master reality, adults play to escape reality

• Can you give some examples of play?

PLAY

Enjoyment

Space

Spontaneous

Non Serious

Intrinsic value

Time

Choose 5 of these characteristics and define them

Play teaches you 5 main values

Physical (eg hopping, catching)

Social (eg communication)

Cognitive (eg making up games and rules)

Moral (eg playing fair)

Environmental (eg safety)

Which of these are evident in the following clip?

• How do we distinguish between play and reality?• When players step outside the agreed game rules this becomes reality. Fouls/violence in football for example.

• What is the difference between child and adult play?• Children play to increase mastery of reality

• Adults play to escape reality / stress release.

Can professional sports people really ‘play’ their sport?

• Not really because it is their career but in some situations it may be possible.

Physical Recreation

• The active aspect of leisure. Anything that is done in your free time that is physical.

• To physically recreate is to take part in a game or activity for it’s own sake, not for any extrinsic reward.

• Where and when it takes place and who does it is decided by the participants.

• Physical and mental enjoyment, stress relief, relaxation, personal and spiritual development, health and well-being

• Give some examples of physical recreation

Examples of physical recreation

• A challenge with the natural environment

Outdoor Recreation

• Appreciation and respect of the natural environment

• Sense of adventure and risk

• Any activity using the natural environment e.g hills, lakes and rivers for relaxation and pleasure, not just playing a game of hockey outside for example

• Give some examples of outdoor recreation.

Examples of outdoor recreation

• All outdoor activities have some risk involved. This can extend along a continuum.

Minimal risk

Low physical intensity

High risk

Great physical effort, skill needed

Pick 5 outdoor activities and place them on the continuum.

Some examples of risky outdoor activities.

From your list of outdoor activities, name 3 safety features

for each 1 that prevents injury/death.

                                                                                                                               

Actual and Perceived Risk

• Actual Risk – When there is a genuine danger of something occurring. For example if you are out on a boat during a storm there is an actual risk of personal injury.

• Perceived Risk – When there is no real chance of personal injury occurring but risk is in a person’s head. For example a fear of falling in abseiling though the situation is totally safe.

• Think of 2 other examples for both actual and perceived risk situations.

What other ways do teachers, instructors & leaders try and reduce real risks?

The use of artificial facilities

Can you do outdoor activities indoors? Yes!

Artificial activities are increasingly used to simulate the natural environment.

• Swimming baths for canoeing

• Artificial ski slopes

• Climbing walls.

• When and where it takes place and who takes part is decided by someone else.

• Sport can be a career for some people

• Participants often play for extrinsic rewards

Sport

• To be classed as a sport an activity must have the following characteristics:

• High level of physical exertion required to perform

• Competitive

• Have a governing body

• High level of commitment and skill required

• Explain whether you think these are sports or not and why.

• Aerobics

• Chess

• Arm wrestling

• Body building

• Skateboarding

SportAmateurism v Professionalism

Amateur – Can be used as a derogatory term for something that is unsophisticated (e.g. that organisation had an amateur approach).

Comes from the word amare which means ‘to love’. This suggests that amateur sports are played for the love of the sport rather than for any extrinsic payment/reward. Performers in amateur rewards can receive money through prize winnings, sponsorship and endorsements however.

Bearing in mind that the Olympics involves predominantly amateur sports, think of some examples.

Gentleman Amateurs – Certain wealthy individuals who excelled in games were referred to as ‘gentleman amateurs’. They were from the upper-middle classes and could afford to spend a lot of time away from their work playing sport for enjoyment.

Working class men, however, could not afford to spend a lot of time away from their work in order to play, so at a time when spectator sport was growing, if they were good enough, they played full time for payment so sport became their job. These people were called ‘working class professionals. These people were very much looked down on by the gentleman amateurs.

In cricket both ‘gentleman amateurs’ and ‘working class professionals played along side each other but were very different. Major differences included.

• Different titles (gentleman v players).

• Different appearance of name (Smith, J for players / J. Smith Esq. For gentlemen).

• Ate, travelled and changed separately.

• Walked onto the field from separate entrances.

• Had different roles (gentleman took up the best positions / roles)

The Performance Pyramid

Foundation

Participation

Performance

Excellence

•Sportsmanship – Treating your opponent with respect and as an equal, showing fair play and good behaviour.

•Gamesmanship – The practice of beating your opponent by gaining an unfair or psychological advantage without actually breaking the letter of the law.

Fair Play / Sportsmanship

Think of some examples of both concepts.

The Performance Pyramid Explained

•Foundation - At the foundation of sporting activity in the UK there is physical education and sport for young people. The main providers are schools, youth groups and, increasingly, sports clubs.

•Participation – This includes health-related and community sport - jogging, cycling, aerobics and the gymnasium. Local authorities and private gymnasia are the main providers.

•Performance – this applies to the smaller number of people who progress to compete in sport in an organised way. Voluntary clubs are the main providers in this area, with support from the public and private sectors.

•Excellence - Covers the very small minority of people who compete at the highest level in national and international competition. Performers at this level are catered for by a wide range of organisations - sports governing bodies, sports councils and private sponsors.

The 4 ‘W’ QuestionsThe 4 ‘W’ Questions

These 4 questions determine what an activity is defined as:

1. Who is taking part?

2. When is it happening?

3. Where is it taking place?

4. Why are they taking part?

Adults or children?

Strict or flexible time?Purpose built facilities or back garden?

Intrinsic or extrinsic?

What category do each of these What category do each of these come under?come under?

Think about the 4 W’s (who, why, where, when) to work out whether it is play, physical recreation, sport or

outdoor recreation)

BINGOLEISURE

Society

Experiences

Obligations

Achieve

Activity

Competition

Collective

Individual

Spontaneous

Extrinsic

SportPhysical

Outdoor

Character

Struggle

Work

Education

Competition

Awareness

Attitude

Self-consciousness

CrosswordAcross

3. Any activity using the natural environment is called an .......... activity

4. Initials of the National Curriculum subject involving the formal inculcation of knowledge and values through physical activity.

6. Physical Recreation is the active aspect of ..........

8. Play mainly leads to intrinsic rewards in comparison to sport which involves rewards which are .........

9. Playing for the school hockey team would be classified as what?

Down

1. The overall title of this area is .......... of Physical Activity in Society

2. To be classed as a sport an activity must have a ...............

5. PE only takes place in what type of institutions?

7. This activity has most of the characteristics of a sport but is traditionally perceived as a game.

CORRECT

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Wrong

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