concepts of engineering and technology biotechnology science, technology, and ethics mr. mcclean...

Concepts of Engineering and

Technology

BIOTECHNOLOGYScience, Technology, and Ethics

Mr. McCleanCopyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

What is BioEngineering?

Bioengineering is the “biological or medical application of engineering principles or engineering equipment – also called biomedical engineering.”

Bioengineering as a defined field is relatively new, although attempts to solve biological problems have persisted throughout history. Recently, the practice of bioengineering has expanded beyond large-scale efforts like prosthetics and hospital equipment to include engineering at the molecular and cellular level – with applications in energy and the environment as well as healthcare.

A very broad area of study, bioengineering can include elements of electrical and mechanical engineering, computer science, materials, chemistry and biology. This breadth allows students and faculty to specialize in their areas of interest and collaborate widely with researchers in allied fields.

What is Biotechnology? The application of

technology to the study or manipulation of living things.

Refers to techniques used by scientists to modify the genetic material of a microorganism, plant, or animal in order to achieve a desired trait.

Power to intervene in what might be thought of as 'the fabric of life'. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

We began growing crops and raising animals 10,000 years ago to provide a stable supply of food and clothing.

We have used the biological processes of microorganisms for 6,000 years to make useful food products, such as bread and cheese, and to preserve dairy products.

In the last 40 years we’ve gone from practicing biotechnology at a macro level — breeding animals and crops, for example — to working with it at a micro level.

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

What are the Major Fields in Bio?

Genetic engineering Environmental technology

Ecology and environmental problems Bioremediation

Crop and animal breeding Medicine

Diagnostics Pharmaceuticals Nutrition

Forensics


Categories

Therapeutics : Products that treat diseases and the

action of remedial agents. Treatment of cancer, diabetes,

HIV/AIDS and autoimmune disorders. human insulin


Diagnostics : Products that test for the presence of

various health or disease states. Examples include:

Cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, AIDS and arthritis.


Agricultural :

Products related to crop and livestock production, including genetic engineering, veterinary activities, and food processing:

decreasing pesticide applications and improving soil and water quality

providing healthful foods for consumersCopyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

BioRemediation: Bioremediation involves using

biotechnology-designed organisms to clean up oil or other spills.

Researchers are creating new sources of energy and linking biotechnology with microelectronics and nanotechnology.


Fermentation

Fermentation in food processing is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohols and carbon dioxide or organic acids using yeasts and bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desirable. The science of fermentation is also known as zymology or zymurgy.

The term "fermentation" is sometimes used to specifically refer to the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol, a process which is used to produce alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, and cider.

Natural fermentation precedes human history. Since ancient times, humans have been controlling the fermentation process. The earliest evidence of an alcoholic beverage, made from fruit, rice, and honey, dates from 7000–6600 BCE, in the Neolithic Chinese village of Jiahu, and winemaking dates from 6000 BC, in the Caucasus area.Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

Genetic engineeringThe collection of techniques used to:

isolate genes modify genes so they function better prepare genes to be inserted into a new

species stem cell research


Ethical and Social Considerations


Different perspectives by regulators, animal rights activists, biomedical researchers and organ recipients Heart transplants are as radically

unnatural as gene transplants 'if we can do it, let's do it' Public suspicion about the reliability

and independence of 'expert' advice morality Long-term effects


Ethical Topics

Whether human DNA should can be sold

Stem cells Animal research Organ donation Xenotransplantation Cloning


Ethical Analysis 1. Formulation of the dilemma; 2. Finding out the possible options of action

in this situation; 3. Assignment of the optional actions to

values that are touched by the action and reflection of the consequences;

4. Taking a justified decision for one of the options of action in respect to the reflections in step 3;

5. Assignment of the decision taken to one of the two higher categories of argumentation;

6. Description and discussion of the consequences of the decision taken in step 4 for the individual and for the society.


Student Research Report

Teams Determines length and quality

Pick a Scientific Topic that has an Ethical Dilemma Ethical controversies New or cutting edge technology Historical figure or event Subject of personal interestCopyright © Texas Education Agency, 2012. All rights reserved.

concepts of engineering and technology biotechnology science, technology, and ethics mr. mcclean...

Documents

new biotechnology research

field of biotechnology

engineering equipment

mechanical engineering

biomedical engineering

application of technology

concepts of engineering

practicing biotechnology