CONCEPTS, NATURE AND PURPOSE OF

CURRICULUM

What is Curriculum?

1957 RALPH TYLER

[THE CURRICULUM IS]

ALL THE LEARNING

EXPERIENCES PLANNED AND

DIRECTED BY

THE SCHOOL TO ATTAIN ITS

EDUCATIONAL GOALS

CURRICULUM FROM DIFFERENT POINT OF

VIEW

1. Traditional Points of View of Curriculum

Robert M. Hutchins Views ( Emphasize- gRammar, Reading,

Rhetoric and Logic and mathematics for basic Education.)

Arthur Bestor believes that curriculum should focus on the

fundamental intellectual disciplines of grammar, literature and

writing.

Joseph Schwab views that discipline is the sole source of

curriculum .

Most of the traditional ideas view curriculum as written

documents or a plan of action in accomplishing goals.

2. PROGRESSIVE POINT OF VIEW OF

CURRICULUM

JOHN DEWEY’s believed that reflective thinking is

a means that unifies curricular elements.

CASWELL and CAMPBELL viewed curriculum as “

all experienced children have under the guidance

teachers.”

MARSH and WILLIS view curriculum as all the

experiences in the classroom which are planned

and enacted by the teacher, and also learned by

the students.

POINTS OF VIEW ON CURRICULUM

DEVELOPMENT

HILDA TABA MODEL: THE GRASSROOTS

APPROACH

7 Major Steps

1. Diagnosis of Learners needs and expectations of

the larger society.

2. Formulation of learning objectives

3. Selection of learning content

4. Organization of learning content

5. Selection of learning experiences

6. Organization of learning activities

7. Determination of what to evaluate and the means

of doing it

TYPES OF CURRICULUM OPERATING IN

SCHOOLS

1. Recommended Curriculum2. Written Curriculum3. Taught Curriculum

4. Supported Curriculum5. Assessed Curriculum6. Learned Curriculum7. Hidden Curriculum

THE MOST COMMONLY ACCEPTED

FOUNDATIONS OF CURRICULUM

Philosophical

Historical

Psychological

Social

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF

CURRICULUM

Perennialism

Essentialism

Progressivism

Reconstructionism

CURRICULUM THEORISTS

Franklin Bobbit

( 1876- 1956 )

Werret Charters

( 1875- 1952 )

William Kilpatrick

(1871- 1965 )

Harold Rugg (1886- 1960)

Hollis Caswell

( 1901- 1989)

Ralph Tyler

(1902- 1994)

PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF

EDUCATION

Behaviorist Psychology

Cognitive Psychology

Humanistic Psychology

ACTIVITY 1: CURRICULUM DEFINEDASK EACH ONE A QUESTION : WHAT IS A CURRICULUM TO YOU?

Persons

Interviewed

Answer to Question: What is Curriculum to

you?

Elementary grades

Teacher

School Principal

Student Teacher

Non- Education

College student

ACTIVITY 2: IDENTIFYING THE CURRICULA OPERATING IN

THE SCHOOLS ( FOR GRP. OF 5, VISIT A SCHOOL OF YOUR CHOICEOBSERVE AND INTERVIEW, THE APPROPRIATE PERSON, LIKE THECLASSROOM TEACHER, STUDENTS OR PRINCIPALS IDENTIFY THEEXISTENCE OF DIFF. CURRICULA. WRITE SPECIFIC SAMPLES.

Types of Curricula Operating in

School

Examples from observations

from interview

Recommended Curriculum

Written Curriculum

Taught Curriculum

Supported Curriculum

Assessed Curriculum

Learned Curriculum

Hidden Curriculum

ACTIVITY 3: CURRICULUM FROM TWO POINTS OF

VIEW: TRADITIONAL OR PROGRESSIVE

Points of view of curriculum Illustrative examples of

Practices

Traditional Curricular Practices

Progressive Curricular Practices

The purpose of the curriculum is to enable

each child or young person to be a

successful learner, a confident individual, a

responsible citizen and an effective

contributor.