http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DmNxagCDZ0

Understanding Muslim as an Australian Nurse vedio

Concepts in Caring for Muslim Patients

• Islamic Law automatically bans (prohibit) all immoral actions as haram and automatically permits all what is moral as mubaah.

• Ethical guidelines are both fixed and variable. A. The fixed moral and legal principles are broad enough

to include the needs of all times and places. The fixed principles set the parameters beyond which it is absolutely immoral to operate.

B. The detailed applications are variable and change with the growth of science and technology.

• Islam holds that ethics cannot be divorced from morality. Ethics can also not be divorced from Law.

What are the basis of ethics in Islam?

• What are the basis of ethics in Islam?

the basis of ethics

-The purposes of the Law, maqasid al shari’at]: hefth mal, nafs,,,,,,,,,

-the principles of the Law, qawa’id al fiqh,: from quran, sunnah, alejmaa, and alejtehad.

-and the regulations of the Law, dhawaabit al fiqh3,: are specific as makrooh, mobahh,,,,

• Islam considers medical ethics the same as ethics in other areas of life. There is no special code for physicians. What we call medical ethics is restating general ethical principles using medical terminology and with medical applications. The medical ethical codes can be derived from the basic law but the detailed applications require further intellectual effort, ijtihad, by physicians.

• The prophet taught us to leave what causes us doubts to what does not cause such doubt, da’ ma yuribuuka ila ma la yuriibuka.

• The ethical theory of Islam is found in the 5

purposes of the Law, maqasid al shari’at. The five purposes are preservation of ddiin, life, progeny, intellect, and wealth.

• The basic ethical principles of Islam relevant to medical practice are derived from the 5 principles of the Law are:

1. intention, qasd; calls upon the physician to consult his inner conscience and make sure that his actions, seen or not seen, are based on good intentions

2. certainty, yaqeen; Treatment decisions are best on a balance of probabilities (possibilities), What has been accepted as customary (routine) over a long time is not considered harmful unless there is evidence to the contrary.

3. harm, dharar; An injury should not be relieved by a medical procedure. In a situation in which the proposed medical intervention has side effects, we follow the principle that prevention of a harm has priority over search of a benefit of equal worth

4. hardship, mashaqqat; Necessity legalizes the prohibited, In the medical setting, a hardship is defined as any condition that will seriously impair physical and mental health if not relieved rapidly. Committing the otherwise prohibited action should not extend beyond the limits needed to preserve the Purpose of the Law that is the basis for the legalization.

5. The principle of custom, and ‘aadat (al urf) The standard of medical care is defined by custom. The basic principle is that custom has legal force. The customary or al urf must also be old and not a recent phenomenon to give chance for a medical consensus to be formed. 

• Muslim healthcare workers are advised to treat all patients as if they are members of their own families. The following should always be taken into consideration:

Guidelines in Caring for Muslim Patients : get them from the following situations.

1. Mrs. Nassra pregnant mother asked her male physician to do palpation over her gown.

2. Mr. Omer got meat for his lunch although he does not eat it as he did not inform the nurse before. Thus he shares this point with the nurse with his living will of wanted to be DNR.

Guidelines in Caring for Muslim Patients : get them from the following situations.

3. Mr. Emad was scared refused for MRI because the nurse asked if he has any metal part in his body. He believed the machine might suck the humans.

4. A father came to nurse in her morning shift asking to allow male religious person (shaikh) to enter to read for their child.

Guidelines in Caring for Muslim Patients : get them from the following situations.

5. Policeman asked a relative of a hanged adult to get biopsy to see the main reason for his death.

6.7 years old child is sent to the OT to get part of his spinal cord for his brother who has blood disorder.

7.Male consultant calls female nurse to examine female patients even with presence of her female relative.

Guidelines in Caring for Muslim Patients : get them from the following situations.

8. Patients relatives stops the nurse who is planning to prepare dead body. They are asking to ask an expert religious male to prepare the body and to pray for him.

Guidelines in Caring for Muslim Patients

1. The care providers should respect their modesty (Shyness) and privacy. Muslim patients, particularly women may need a special gown to avoid unnecessary exposure during physical examination. Some examinations may be done over the gown.

2. Inform them of their rights as patients and encourage an Islamic living will.

3. Take time to explain test procedures and treatments. Some of the recent immigrant Muslims may have language problems so an interpreter can help especially for consent to procedures.

Guidelines in Caring for Muslim Patients

4. Allow their Imam (religious teacher) to visit them and pray for them.

5. Autopsy is permitted if medically indicated or required by law.

6. Organ donation is permitted with some guidelines and encouraged.

Guidelines in Caring for Muslim Patients

7. Always examine a female patient in the presence of another female relative (except in medical emergencies). In deliveries, provide the same sex healthcare provider, upon the request of the patient. Her husband is encouraged to be with her during the delivery.

8. After the death of a Muslim in a healthcare facility, allow the family and Imam to arrange for preparing the dead body according to Islamic guidelines. A corpse has to be given the same respect and privacy as he/she was receiving when she was alive. Muslim relatives are encouraged to stay in the room where the dead body is kept to recite the Quran. Muslim corpses are not embalmed.

Purposes of Medicine “maqasid af shari'”at:

• Share your knowledge about Purposes of Medicine “maqasid af shari'”at:

Purposes of Medicine “maqasid af shari'”at: (Kasule p. 6)

1. Protection of ddiin, hifdh al ddiin. It involves both physical health and mental health. Protection of

ddiin essentially involves 'ibadat in the wide sense that every human endeavor is a form of 'ibadat. Thus medical treatment makes a direct contribution to 'ibadat by protecting and promoting good health so that the worshipper will have the physical and mental energy to undertake all the responsibilities of 'ibadat. The principal forms of physical 'ibadat are prayer, salat; fasting, siyaam; and pilgrimage, hajj. A sick or a weak body can perform them properly. Balanced mental health is necessary for understanding 'aqiidat and avoiding false ideas that violate 'aqiidat because 'aqiidat is the basis of ddiin.

2. Protection of life, hifdh al nafs, the primary purpose of medicine. Medicine cannot prevent or postpone death since such matters are in the hands of Allah alone. It however tries to maintain as high a quality of life until the appointed time of death arrives. Medicine contributes to the preservation and continuation of life by making sure that physiological functions are well maintained. It also relieves pathophysiological stress by preventive, curative, and rehabilitative measures.

3. Protection of progeny, hifdh al nasi. Medicine contributes to the fulfillment of this function by making sure that children are cared for well so that they grow into healthy adults who can bear children. Treatment of male and female infertility ensures successful reproduction. The care for pregnant women, perinatal medicine, and pediatric medicine all ensure that children are born and grow healthy.

Purposes of Medicine “maqasid af shari'”at: (Kasule p. 6)

4. Protection of the mind, hifdh al 'aql. Medical treatment plays a very important role in protection of the mind. Treatment of physical illnesses removes stress that affects the mental state. Treatment of neuroses and psychoses restores intellectual and emotional functions. Medical treatment of alcohol and drug abuse prevents deterioration of the intellect.

5. Protection of wealth, hifdh al maal. The wealth of any community depends on the

productive activities of its healthy citizens. Medicine contributes to wealth generation by prevention of disease, promotion of health, and treatment of any diseases and their sequelae. Communities with general poor health are less productive than healthy vibrant communities. The principles of protection of life and protection of wealth may conflict in cases of terminal illness. Care for the terminally ill consumes a lot of resources that could have been used to treat other persons with treatable conditions. Resolution of such contrasts requires resort to the principles of the Law, qawa'id al shari 'at, that are described below.