concentrations. part per hundred represented by the percent (%) symbol 1 part per 100 parts 1 part...
TRANSCRIPT
Concentrations
Part Per Hundred
• Represented by the percent (%) symbol
• 1 part per 100 parts
• 1 part in 102
• A value of 1 × 10-2
• Equivalent to about 15 minutes in one day
• Prefix: centi
• Symbol: c
Part Per Thousand
• 1 part per thousand should be spelled out in full and not as “ppt”
• Represented by the permille (‰) symbol. • 1 part per 1,000 parts• 1 part in 103
• A value of 1 × 10-3
• Equivalent to about 1 ½ minutes in a day• Prefix: milli• Symbol: m
Part Per Million
• 1 part per million (ppm) • 1 part per 1,000,000 parts• 1 part in 106
• A value of 1 × 10-6 • Equivalent to about 32 seconds out of a
year• Prefix: micro• Symbol:
Part Per Million
• A liter of water weighs 1,000 grams, and a milligram is 1/1,000th of a gram
• Therefore, a milligram of a substance dissolved in a liter of water represents one millionth (1,000 divided by 1/1,000) of the weight, or one part per million (1 ppm)
• One drop of water is 2 ppm of a bathtub full of water
Part Per Billion
• 1 part per billion (ppb) • 1 part per 1,000,000,000 parts• 1 part in 109
• A value of 1 × 10-9
• Equivalent to about 3 seconds out of a century• One drop of water is 1 ppb of a swimming pool
full of water• Prefix: nano• Symbol: n
Part Per Trillion
• 1 part per trillion (ppt)• 1 part per 1,000,000,000,000 parts• 1 part in 1012
• A value of 1 × 10-12
• This is equivalent to about 3 seconds out of every hundred thousand years
• Prefix: pico• Symbol: p
Part Per Quadrillion
• 1 part per quadrillion (ppq)• 1 part per 1,000,000,000,000,000 parts• 1 part in 1015
• A value of 1 × 10-15
• Equivalent to 2 ½ minutes out of the age of the Earth (4.5 billion years)
• Prefix: femto• Symbol: f
Practice Problems
1. How much is 6 ppm in ppb?
2. What concentration is 4,000 ppt in ppm?
6
1,000,000
1,000
1,000
6,000
1,000,000,0006,000 ppbx = =
4,000
1,000,000,000,000
1,000,000
1,000,000
0.004
1,000,0000.004 ppm÷ = =