1

stanford hci group / cs376

http://cs376.stanford.eduScott Klemmer · 05 October 2006

Ubiquitous Computing

(setup whiteboard) This course is a broad graduate-level introduction to HCI research. The course begins with seminal work on interactive systems, and moves through current and future research areas in interaction techniques and the design, prototyping, and evaluation of user interfaces. Topics include computer-supported cooperative work; audio, speech, and multimodal interfaces; user interface toolkits; design methods; evaluation methods; ubiquitous and context-aware computing; tangible interfaces; haptic interaction; and mobile interfaces.

2

2

The origins of ubiquitous computing research at PARC in the late 1980shttp://www.research.ibm.com/journal/sj/38

4/weiser.html

3

3

The Coming Age of Calm Technology

4

4

Some Computer Science Issues in Ubiquitous Computing

5

5

Ubiquitous Computing

networkednetworkednetworked…but to make the world “calmer”, not to connect your faucet to your cell phone

6

6

“for every ant in the world todaythere are 100 transistors”

- Gordon Moore, 2003

7

7

Computing by the inch, foot, & yard

At each scale, the devices have input, computation, and outputDifferent than more recent work (e.g., that of Abowd et al) where these elements are often decoupled

8

8

http://nano.xerox.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiMovies.html

9

9

Rem Koolhaas: S M L XL

10

10

Computing by the inch, foot, & yard

Originally: ParcTabsToday

Palm HandheldsSmart Phones

model: add computation to thedevice that is already networked

11

11

Computing by the inch, foot, & yard

ParcPadsToday: Tablet Computers

12

12

Computing by the inch, foot, & yard

LiveBoardsToday: SMART Boards

13

13

Privacy

Dog food / kool aidDanyel Fisher and emailThe nurses in east bay express

14

14

Evaluation

With embodied virtuality, “tasks” aren’t as discrete, and evaluation (both methods and metrics) is much harder

15

15

Foreground & Background Interaction

Buxton 1980sHinckley TOCHI

16

16

Mobile: What actually happened

17

17

Making Sense of Sensing Systems

Bellotti et al., CHI 2002When I address a system, how does it know I am addressing it?When I ask a system to do something how do I know it is attending?When I issue a command (such as save, execute or delete), how does the system know what it relates to?How do I know the system understands my command and is correctly executing my intended action?How do I recover from mistakes?

18

18

At Home with Ubiquitous Computing

Edwards & Grinter, Ubicomp 2001The "Accidentally" Smart HomeImpromptu InteroperabilityNo Systems AdministratorDesigning for Domestic UseSocial Implications of Aware Home TechnologiesReliability

19

19

Unpacking Privacy

Dourish and Palen, CHI

20

20

Further Reading

General UbicompBellotti et al, Making Sense of Sensing SystemsTolmie et al, Unremarkable computing(Equator Workshop)Edwards & Grinter Ubicomp

PrivacyHeinrich et al, Privacy by Design (Ubicomp 01)Dourish & Palen, Unpacking "privacy" for a networked world (CHI 2003)

21

21

Next Time… Fieldwork/Prototyping

Work, Ethnography, and System Design, Bob Anderson

What Do Prototypes Prototype?, Stephanie Houde and Charles Hill

Informing the Design of an Information Management System with Iterative Fieldwork, Victoria Bellotti, Ian Smith