computers2 ch1
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 1 Lectures - Part IITRANSCRIPT
Mongolia International University
ComputersComputersTools for an information AgeTools for an information Age
Chapter 1Chapter 1
B.M.HB.M.H
PC assemble procedure
Computers MIU
ReviewReview
A computer is a device that A computer is a device that 1) accepts ( )1) accepts ( )
2) ( ) data, 2) ( ) data,
3) ( ) data, 3) ( ) data,
4) and produces ( )4) and produces ( )
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Computer SystemComputer System’’s Basic s Basic Components Components
HardwareHardware NetworkNetwork InternetInternet
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What is a computer?What is a computer?
In von NeumannIn von Neumann’’s s paperpaper
Computer : a device Computer : a device that that 1) accepts input, 1) accepts input,
2) processes data, 2) processes data,
3) stores data, 3) stores data,
4) and produces 4) and produces output.output.
output device
Input device
memory device
Control, Operating
device
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Computer SystemComputer System
ProcessingData Information
Storage
Input Output
The procedure from input to outputThe procedure from input to output Is directed by the software Is directed by the software performed by the hardwareperformed by the hardware
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Computer SystemComputer System
HardwareHardware The equipment associated with a The equipment associated with a
computer systemcomputer system
SoftwareSoftware A set of instructionsA set of instructions
Which tells the hardware what to do Referred to as Referred to as programsprograms
People People Use the power of the computerUse the power of the computer
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What is the Hardware?What is the Hardware?
The physical components of the The physical components of the computercomputer
The pieces we can pick up and touchThe pieces we can pick up and touch
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HardwareHardware
The hardware of The hardware of four aspectsfour aspects of computer system of computer system
Processor (CPU)
input output
storage
Input device Output device
Secondary storage
Processing
Memory
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HardwareHardware
To function, computer system To function, computer system ; Four main aspects of ; Four main aspects of data handlingdata handling:: Input Input Processing Processing Output Output StorageStorage
The hardwareThe hardware is responsible for these is responsible for these four areasfour areas Input Input devicedevice ProcessProcessoror ((CPU: Central Processing Unit)CPU: Central Processing Unit) Output Output devicedevice StorageStorage (secondary storage) (secondary storage)
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Your PC HardwareYour PC Hardware
Input DevicesInput DevicesProcess & MemoryProcess & MemoryOutput DevicesOutput DevicesSecondary StorageSecondary Storage
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Input devicesInput devices
accept data or commands in a form that the accept data or commands in a form that the computer can usecomputer can use
send the data or commands to the processing send the data or commands to the processing unitunit
Some common ways of input to the systemSome common ways of input to the system Typing : keyboardTyping : keyboard Pointing : mousePointing : mouse Scanning : wand reader, bar code reader, scannerScanning : wand reader, bar code reader, scanner
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Computers MIU
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Flatbed scannerSheetfed scanner
handheld scanner
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ProcessorProcessor
: : Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit (CPU) (CPU) Consists of electronic circuits Consists of electronic circuits
that interpret and execute program that interpret and execute program instructions.instructions.
Communicates with the input, output Communicates with the input, output and storage devices.and storage devices.
Actually transforms Actually transforms datadata into into informationinformation
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ProcessorProcessor
bus bus PIN PIN
Microprocessor
AGP
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Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus Is used for slow-speed devices such as the
mouse and modem
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus A high-speed bus used to connect devices
such as hard disks and network cards
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) Designed to provide a dedicated connection
between memory and an AGP graphics card
ProcessorProcessor
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Intel Pentium IV Processor
Intel Pentium IV Processor
AMD Processor
AMD Processor
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MemoryMemory
Known as Known as primary storageprimary storage.. Holds the data only temporarily.Holds the data only temporarily. Holds the programs (computer Holds the programs (computer
instructions) needed by the CPU.instructions) needed by the CPU. RAM (Random Access Memory)RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM (Read Only Memory)ROM (Read Only Memory)
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Output devicesOutput devices
Show people the processed Show people the processed data(information) in understandable data(information) in understandable and usable formand usable form
The most common ones : monitor, The most common ones : monitor, printerprinter
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Inkjet Printer Laser Printer Dot-matrix Printer
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StorageStorage
Usually Usually secondary storagesecondary storage.. Can store data and programs outside of Can store data and programs outside of
the computer itself.the computer itself.
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Secondary StorageSecondary Storage
Magnetic diskMagnetic disk Diskette, hard disksDiskette, hard disks Disk drives : Disk drives : devices to read disk data devices to read disk data
Optical diskOptical disk CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMsCD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs Uses a laser beam to read large volumes of data Uses a laser beam to read large volumes of data
relatively inexpensivelyrelatively inexpensively Magnetic tape (for backup purpose)Magnetic tape (for backup purpose)
reel tapereel tape, , cartridge tape cartridge tape Tape drives Tape drives
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3.5” Disket 5.25” Disket
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Complete HW SystemComplete HW System
Peripheral EquipmentPeripheral Equipment The hardware devices The hardware devices
that are attached to the computer Includes all input, output and Includes all input, output and
secondary storage devicesecondary storage device
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Peripheral EquipmentPeripheral Equipment
In most computerIn most computer The CPU and disk drives : in the same The CPU and disk drives : in the same
housing, a metal casehousing, a metal case The keyboard, mouse, and monitor : The keyboard, mouse, and monitor :
separateseparate In larger computer systemIn larger computer system
The input, processing, output, and storage The input, processing, output, and storage functions functions
May be separate rooms, separate buildings, or even separate countries
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NetworkNetwork
InternetInternet
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NetworkNetwork
A system that uses communications equipment A system that uses communications equipment to connect computers and their resourcesto connect computers and their resources Resources : printers, hard disks, software and dataResources : printers, hard disks, software and data
A collection of computers and other devices A collection of computers and other devices that communicate to share data, HW, and SW.that communicate to share data, HW, and SW.
TypesTypes Local Area Network (LAN) : in a building or campusLocal Area Network (LAN) : in a building or campus Wide Area Network (WAN) : across the countryWide Area Network (WAN) : across the country
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InternetInternet
Called simply Called simply ““the Netthe Net”” Inter (among) + NetworkInter (among) + Network
Small networks : a few computer within a Small networks : a few computer within a building building
Larger networks : connections across the Larger networks : connections across the countrycountry
Internet : Internet : the worldthe world’’s largest computer networks largest computer network connections for millions of computers all over the
globe. Connects users to the worldwideConnects users to the worldwide Provides many information servicesProvides many information services
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What to do through the What to do through the Internet?Internet?
Gathering InformationGathering Information Searching for the informationSearching for the information Downloading a Free Trial ProgramDownloading a Free Trial Program Reading the News on the InternetReading the News on the Internet Internet ShoppingInternet Shopping Playing the Music, VideosPlaying the Music, Videos Chatting with other people in real Chatting with other people in real
timetime Sending and receiving electronic Sending and receiving electronic
mail mail