computer's applications in management-for layman

8/9/2019 Computer's Applications in Management-for layman

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Welcome to

Computer Basics

KapilEmail:[email protected]


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Computer Hardware

External:

The most common types

of hardware are

Monitor Keyboard

Mouse

System Unit

Printer

Speakers/headphones

Internal:

Memory [RAM temp]

Microprocessor chip


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CPU

The CPU is the Central Processing Unit.

This is the chip that actually runs the

computer. The CPU interprets the

software to tell the other hardware what to

do.


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Hard Drive

The hard drive is not removable from the

computer. It is the permanent storage

area for the computer.

The hard drive is the computer's electronic

filing cabinet. It holds the operating

system, files, programs, and documents.


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Disk Drives There are several different types of

disk drives. The most common are

floppy andC

D-ROM drives. DVDdrives are becoming more common.

CD-ROM drives are used to read CD-

ROMs and music CDs. CDs hold more

information than a floppy, but still lessthan the hard drive.

DVD, Flash Drives, Portable Disks


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Memory There are two kinds of memory for a computer:

RAM

RAM is Random Access Memory. It is the working memoryof the computer. If the computer is turned off, this memory is

erased. Files are saved from RAM to the hard drive.

ROM

ROM is Read Only Memory. This is permanent memory that

stores essential software for the computer.


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Software The operating system is the most

important piece of software for the

computer.

There are many different types of software

available for computers.

Software can also be called programs


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Types of Software Word Processing

Presentation

Spreadsheet

Internet Browser

Drawing

Database creation

Photo Editing

Video Editing

Virus Checking

Specialty software


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Operating System The operating system is the main control

program of the computer.

It schedules tasks, communicates with

hardware and peripherals and presents

the basic user interface.

All other software on the computer mustcommunicate with the operating system.


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Interfaces An interface is the way the user tells the

software what to do and how the computer

displays information and options to the user. Originally, all computers had text-based

interfaces.

A text-based interface means that the user must

type in all the commands. If you mis-type, youhave to backspace to your error, which eraseswhat you already typed.


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Library Software

The librarys computers have limited

software.

They have the following types:

Word processing (Word)

Spreadsheet (Excel)

Presentation (PowerPoint)

Web browsing (Internet Explorer)


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DATABASE SEQUEL.SQL

Create, drop, alter: for tables

Insert, delete, update: for records

Grant, revoke: for permission

Select: for query


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Internet topology

AutonomousSystem

AutonomousSystem

AutonomousSystem

AutonomousSystem

AutonomousSystem

AutonomousSystem

AutonomousSystem

AutonomousSystem


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Internet as a Mass Medium One to one emails,

chat

Many to Many forums, conversations

Synchronous - Mixed

Asynchronous Access Websites


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Internet elements

IP address

IPv4: 32bits address space

IPv6: 128bits address space

Who will allocate IP address?

Local Internet Registry (LIR)

ISPs

National Internet Registry (NIR)

TWNIC

in Taiwan, JPNIC

in Japan Regional Internet Registry (RIR)

APNIC in Asia/Pacific, ARIN in North America

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

Top level of IP & AS number assigned


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Internet elements Network topology in ISP POP

Three layers architecture

Core layer

Distribution layer

Access layer

ISP POP Distributionlayer

Core layer

Access layer

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