UG Program School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Chapter 1: Introduction

Computer Architecture and Organization

(ECEG-3202 )

2Sem. I, 2014/15

Architecture & Organization

· Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer· Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O

mechanisms, addressing techniques.· e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?

· Organization is how features are implemented· Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.· e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated

addition?

Computer Architecture and Organization

3Sem. I, 2014/15

Architecture & Organization …

· All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture· The IBM System/370 family share the same basic

architecture

· This gives code compatibility· At least backwards

· Organization differs between different versions

Computer Architecture and Organization

4Sem. I, 2014/15

Structure & Function

· Structure is the way in which components relate to each other

· Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

Computer Architecture and Organization

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Function

· All computer functions are:· Data processing· Data storage· Data movement· Control

Computer Architecture and Organization

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Functional View

Computer Architecture and Organization

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Operations (a) Data movement

Computer Architecture and Organization

8Sem. I, 2014/15

Operations (b) Storage

Computer Architecture and Organization

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Operation (c) Processing from/to storage

Computer Architecture and Organization

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Operation (d) Processing from storage to I/O

Computer Architecture and Organization

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Structure - Top Level

Computer Architecture and Organization

Computer

Main Memory

InputOutput

SystemsInterconnection

Peripherals

Communicationlines

CentralProcessing Unit

Computer

12Sem. I, 2014/15

Structure - The CPU

Computer Architecture and Organization

Computer Arithmeticand Login Unit

ControlUnit

Internal CPUInterconnection

Registers

CPU

I/O

Memory

SystemBus

CPU

13Sem. I, 2014/15

Structure - The Control Unit

Computer Architecture and Organization

CPU

ControlMemory

Control Unit Registers and Decoders

SequencingLogic

ControlUnit

ALU

Registers

InternalBus

Control Unit

UG Program School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

End Of Chapter 1

Computer Architecture and Organization

(ECEG-3202 )