Computer Technology

Where Did It All Begin?

The World Wide Web began at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland In one of the largest scientific

laboratories in the world. The laboratory was called CERN (Counseil

European Pour la Recherche Nucleaire – European Laboratory for Particle Physics)

What is the Internet?

The Internet is the worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching.

It is a “network of networks” that consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and government networks, which together carry various information and services, such as email, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked Web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web.

What does WWW stand for?

WWW = World Wide Web

The Internet and the World Wide Web are not synonymous: Web is actually something that is available via the Internet. The Internet is a collection of

interconnected computer networks. The Web is a collection of interconnected

documents, linked by hyperlinks and URLs.

What is a Network?

Network - two or more computers that are connected for the purpose of sharing information.

LAN A local area network (LAN) is a computer network

covering a small area, like a home, office, or small group of buildings.

Computers that are near each other.

WAN A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network

covering a broad geographical area. The most well-known example of a WAN is the

Internet.

What is ARPANET?

First network developed in early ‘60’s and ’70’s by scientists and military experts.

Allowed them to share information and research data over long distances.

An experimental network designed to see how well distributed networks work.

Connecting to the Internet Modem - A MO-dulator DE-

Modulator. Converts digital information to analog and

analog to digital. Analog like sound waves Digital signal is 1s and 0s

Types of Modems Telephone - designed to modulate a data

signal over the telephone. DSL - designed to modulate a data signal over

the telephone using new technology to increase transmission speed.

Cable Modem - designed to modulate a data signal over cable television.

Analog & Digital Information Analog - like sound waves, a

computer cannot read them.

Digital - 1s and 0s. Computer Language.

What is an ISP?

Internet Service Provider A service company that provides a user with

an account on a host computer to have access to the Internet.

ISPs Comcast AOL MSN Netzero Earthlink Qwest People PC

Navigating in the Web

How do you get

around?

What is a Browser?

Software which allows you to view information and Web Pages on the WWW.

Different browsers can have radically different capabilities and limitations.

Viewing the Internet

Types of Browsers

Microsoft

InternetExplorer

Firefox

The parts of a Browser

Title Bar Shows the title of the open Web Page

and the name of the Browsers.

Menu Bar Provides a convenient way for you to

execute typical file, edit, view and help commands.

What is the Title Bar?

It shows the title of the open Web Page.

It shows the Web Browsers.

What is the Menu Bar?

It provides a convenient way for you to execute typical file, edit, view and help commands.

More parts of a Browser

Toolbar Shows the icons for moving around the

Web Page.

Address Bar Contains the address of the web site you

are on—It’s where you type the address of the web page you want to go to.

Toolbar Buttons

Home: quickly takes you back to your default home page.

Refresh: reloads a page that may be temporarily unavailable.

Back: takes you back to the previously visited web page.

What is an Icon?

Pictures of the menu item you are choosing – an executable program or shortcut to a file.

Examples

Where is the Web Page?

The web page comes after the toolbar.

Uniform Resource Locator

URL - Uniform Resource Locator It has a four part addressing scheme:

http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/default/whatsnew.edu

Transfer Protocol Filename Pathname Domain Name

What is a Domain?

The group that website or email address belongs to.

It tells where the address is located i.e. .com; .edu; .gov

The name that is to the right of the last dot in the Internet address. www.yahoo.com jostudent@comcast.net

Some Common Domains. . .

.COM - commercial .EDU - educational .NET - network .GOV - government .ORG - non-profit organizations .INT - international .MIL - military

What is the Status Bar?

It is located at the bottom of the screen.

It generally indicates the name of the Web Page that is loading.

It gives the loading status.

It gives important messages, such as “Document Done.”

Navigating the Internet

Search Engine - is a program designed to help find information on the World Wide Web. They locate and isolate desired information by

searching for keywords that the user specifies.

Examples of Search Engines Google Yahoo MSN Ask Dog Pile

Common Internet Terms

Surfing - the term we use when exploring the Internet.

Hit - the term used when you connect to the page you are looking for.

Link - allows you to jump from one site to another.

Email - the type of mail sent over the Internet.

Chatting - talking with someone on the internet. Often called Instant Messaging.

Internet Language & Communication HyperText Markup Language

(HTML) The coding scheme used to format text

for use in developing Web Pages on the WWW. <b> <p> <img src=HTTP://www.sony.com> <a href=HTTP://www.sony.com>

HTTP

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol The transmission standard used to send

an HTML document across the WWW.

Ensures reliable connections between many different computer types.

A common set of standards that ensures all computers connected to the Internet will have common ground on which to work.

The Internet & You

Netiquette - the rules of behavior on the Internet.

Privacy - There is NO privacy on the Internet. All visits to websites are tracked using cookies and logs. Passwords can help protect your

information on the Internet.

What is Shareware?

Software that you can obtain for free on a trial basis.

May require some payment for continued use.

What is Freeware?

Software that is distributed at no cost to the user.

The author maintains the copyright.

Basically: Software that is copyrighted but can be used freely.

What is Public Domain?

Software that is NOT copyrighted.

It can be copied or used freely.

Basically: Public Property.

Pop-Ups

Pop-Ups - unwanted advertisements on the web. Pop-Ups usually come from downloading

“free” software. Some companies give you software for

free as long as they can put SPYWARE on your computer and monitor where you go on the Internet.

What Are Firewalls?

A Hardware or software blocking mechanism that blocks unauthorized intruders into a computer system. Blocks potential hackers from invading

your computer or your network.

Any computer that is connected to the Internet should have a firewall.

Other Internet Stuff

User Friendly - a term used when a program or website can be used with ease by people who have little or no computer experience.

Acceptable Use Policy

An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP; also sometimes called acceptable usage policy) is a set of rules which outline the ways in which the network may be used.

You all signed an AUP in order to gain access to the school network.

You have signed a contract to take care of the computer equipment – NO EXCEPTIONS!