computer systems i’m only a machine!. hardware hardware refers to all the parts of the computer...
TRANSCRIPT
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Computer Systems
I’m ONLY a machine!
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Hardware
• Hardware refers to all the parts of the Computer System that we can touch.
• An item of hardware is called a device.
MicroprocessorMain memoryInput / Output
Backing Storage
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Central Processing Unit
CPU
RAM
Backing Storage
Input Output
ROM
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The Processor
• Carries out the actual process
• Follows a set of instructions called a program
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Representing Graphics & Text
• Bit-Mapped Graphics– Dots called pixels– Each pixels is either
• On (1 – black) or Off (0 – white)
• Text – ASCII standard file format– 010011010101010101001010010101000100000010100001000
1000000100001001000101001000000101000101010101010010010100010101010100
= MUJTABA BE QUIET
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Units of Storage
Binary Unit Value
Bit 1 or 0
Byte 8 bits
Kilobyte (KB) 1024 bytes
Megabyte (MB) 1024 Kilobytes
Gigabyte (GB) 1024 Megabytes
Terabyte (TB) 1024 Gigabytes
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Main Memory
CPU
RAM
Backing Storage
Input Output
ROM
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Main Memory
• Where the computer stores programs & data
• Types:– RAM
• Random Access Memory
– ROM• Read Only Memory
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Main Memory
• RAM Chip– Temporary storage – Data is lost when computer
switched off– Data can be written to RAM– Upgrading is easy with RAM Chips
• ROM Chip– Permanent storage– Data is safe when computer is
switched off– Data can not be added to ROM– Some OS are stored on ROM Chips
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Input
CPU
RAM
Backing Storage
Input Output
ROM
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Input Devices (Navigational)
• Mouse
• Trackball
• Track pad
• Touch Screen
• Joystick
• SmartBoard
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Input Devices (Data Input)
• Keyboard
• Graphics Tablet
• Scanner
• Digital Still camera
• Digital Video Camera
• Webcam
• Microphone
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Backing Storage
CPU
RAM
Backing Storage
Input Output
ROM
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Backing Storage
• Method used to physically store data.• Constantly increasing in capacity to meet
demands.• Magnetic Storage
– Floppy disc, Hard Disc, Magnetic Tape
• Optical Storage– CD, DVD
• Solid State– USB Flash Drive
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Drive or Media
Drive Media
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Magnetic Storage • Hard Disk Drive
– Usually main type of backing store– Non-removable media
• Floppy Disk – Plastic disk with rectangular cover– Removable media
• Magnetic Tape– Sequential Access– Think VHS tape– Removable media
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Optical Storage
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Optical Storage• CD-ROM
– Read by a laser beam that reflects of surface “pits” and “lands”
• DVD-ROM– Similar to CD but with larger capacity because
of multiple layers
• CD-Recordable (CD-R) / DVD-R– Write Once, Read Many
• CD-Rewritable (CD-RW) / DVD-RW– Still uses a laser but contents can be changed
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USB Flash Drive
• Universal Serial Bus: – Computer interface used by
different devices.
• Solid State Memory– No moving parts
• Advantages– Portable– Can have large memory
(currently 8GB)
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Flash Memory Cards
• Solid State Memory– No moving parts– Used in cameras and mobile
phones
• Advantages– Portable– Can have large memory
(currently 8GB)– Can be read by a card reader
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Output
CPU
RAM
Backing Storage
Input Output
ROM
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Output Devices
• Printer– Laser– Inkjet
Comparison of Printers• Resolution
– Dots Per Inch (DPI)
• Speed– Pages Per Minute (PPM)
• Cost– Capital Cost– Running Costs
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Output Devices
• Plotter
• Monitor (VDU)
• LCD– Liquid Crystal Display
• TFT– Thin Film Transistor
• Multimedia Projector
• Speakers
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Types of Computer
• Desktop
• Laptop/Notebook
• Palmtop
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Types of Computer
• Mainframe