computer supported cooperative work
DESCRIPTION
Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Saul Greenberg Professor Department of Computer Science University of Calgary. I work with people. Motivation. I work by myself. In the Near Future. Computers will be ubiquitous Computers will be inter-connected Result - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Saul Greenberg
Computer SupportedCooperative Work
Saul GreenbergProfessor
Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Calgary
Motivation
I work by
myself
I work with
people
In the Near Future
Computers will be ubiquitous
Computers will be inter-connected
Result• through their computers, people will be able to
- communicate- work together
Let those who wish to communicate any matter of pressing importance to each other by fire-signals prepare two earthenware pots of exactly equal size both as to diameter and depth. Let the depth be 3 cubits, the diameter one…
Definitions / Research Goals
Groupware- software that supports group work- investigate algorithms & architectures fundamental to multi-user systems
Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)- knowledge about the context of groupware design- investigate individual/group/organizational requirements for multi-user
systems
feedback
Perspectives
Why pursue collaboration through computers?• consider massive change to society of:
- printing press- telephone- facsimiles- electronic mail- world wide web
The Groupware Paradigm & Technologies
sameplace
differentplaces
same time different times
face to face interactions
public computer screens decision rooms brainstorming tools
continuous task
team rooms group displays shift work groupware project management
remote interactions
video conferencing walls & hallways desktop conferencing shared views shared drawing/editors...
communication+coordination
email bulletin boards asynchronous conferencing schedulers version control...
Anytime, any place groupware
sameplace
differentplaces
same time different times
Focus: Real Time Distributed Meetings
One or more participants are in different locations
• Telepresence- can we give participants a sense they are in the same room?
• Teledata- how can participants interact over their work artifacts?
• Casual Interaction- how can participants get in touch with each other?
Mmmm mmm mmmm mm mmm mmmmm m mmm.Mm mmmm mm. Mmmmm mmm.
Telepresence
Giving participants a sense they are in the same room
1. Video Conferencing Rooms• dedicated meeting rooms joined by audio & video• ‘heavy weight’ to use• talking heads
Telepresence
Giving participants a sense they are in the same room
2. Media spaces• digitally switched “ubiquitous” audio and video on personal
computers
Telepresence
Giving participants a sense they are in the same room
Videos:
• Digitally switched video technology- Pandora (Olivetti)
• Eye contact, gestures and body language- Talking heads (MIT)- Magik (Keio University)- GestureCam (University of Tsukuba)
Telepresence Issues
Size and Quality• what is the image fidelity?
Scalability• how do I show several people?
Camera positioning, focusing• am I centered in the view of the
camera?
Eye contact• is the other person looking at me?
Body language• can I see subtle body motions?
Gaze awareness• can I tell where the other person is
looking?
Gestures tied to artifacts• can I gesture around objects
Reciprocity• if I can see them, can they see
me?
Teledata
Letting participants interact over their work artifacts
Shared visual workspaces• views of computer artifacts are shared in real time
GroupSketch (Calgary)
Identical views, gestures, simultaneous activity
Supporting awareness when views are not identical
Supporting Awareness (Calgary)
Supporting both telepresence and teledata (NTT)
Casual Interaction and Awareness
Questions• who is around?• are they available now?• can they be interrupted?• how can I initiate contact?
The problem
Groupware can only work after people make contact with each other
?
Current approaches
Glancing into offices via Montage (Sun Microsystems)
What I see
Current Approaches
Video walls (Bellcore)
Current approaches
Periodic Snapshots
Mark’s office(3:05pm)
Mary’s office(3:01pm)
Deen’s office(now)
Current Approaches
Iconic indicators (Calgary)
Current Approaches
Iconic indicators
Current Approaches
Active badges (Olivetti)
Current Approaches
Digital but physical surrogates (Calgary and Tsukuba)
The Message
In the near future• people will regularly communicate and work together through
computers through groupware
Groupware design requires • technical know-how • deep knowledge of the human + social factors behind
communication- telepresence- teledata- awareness and casual interaction
TeamRooms