Eleventh Edition

1

Introduction to Information Systems Essentials for the Internetworked E-Business Enterprise

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

C h a p t e r

James A. O’Brien

4Computer

Software

Eleventh EditionJames A. O’Brien 2Introduction to Information Systems

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• Describe several important trends occurring in computer software.

• Give examples of several major types of application and system software.

• Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing.

• Outline the functions of an operating system.

• Describe the main uses of high-level, fourth-generation, object-oriented, and Web-oriented programming languages and tools.

Chapter Objectives

Eleventh EditionJames A. O’Brien 3Introduction to Information Systems

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Categories of Computer Software

General-Purpose

Programs

General-Purpose

Programs

Application-Specific

Programs

Application-Specific

Programs

SystemManagement

Programs

SystemManagement

Programs

System Development

Programs

System Development

Programs

ApplicationSoftware

ApplicationSoftware

ComputerSoftware

ComputerSoftware

System Software

System Software

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Trends in Computer Software

FirstGeneration

FirstGeneration

SecondGeneration

SecondGeneration

ThirdGeneration

ThirdGeneration

FourthGeneration

FourthGeneration

FifthGeneration

FifthGeneration

User-Written ProgramsMachine Languages

Packaged ProgramsSymbolic Languages

Operating SystemsHigh-Level Languages

DBMS Fourth-Generation LanguagesMicrocomputer Packages

Natural & Object-Oriented

LanguagesMultipurpose

Graphic- Interface Network-Enabled Expert-Assisted

Packages

Trend: Toward Easy-to-Use Multipurpose Network-Enabled ApplicationPackages for Productivity and Collaboration

Trend: Toward Visual or Conversational Programming Languages andTools

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Common General- Purpose Applications

• Electronic Mail

• Word Processing

• Presentation Graphics

• Multimedia

• Personal Information Manager

• Groupware

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Web Browsers

Discussion Groups

Surf the Net Launch InformationSearches

E-MailMultimedia

FileTransfer

Typical uses of a WebBrowser in Internet,

Intranet, and Extranet Environments

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Database Management Packages

DatabaseDevelopment

DatabaseMaintenance

DatabaseInterrogation

ApplicationDevelopment

Primary Tasks ofDatabase Management

Packages

Primary Tasks ofDatabase Management

Packages

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KeyTechnologies

ofMultimedia

Video CaptureCard

Video CaptureCard

AuthoringLanguage

AuthoringLanguage

StoryboardStoryboard Compact DiskInteractive

Compact DiskInteractive

Sound BoardSound Board CompressedAudio

CompressedAudio

Digital VideoInteractive

Digital VideoInteractive

MIDIMIDI Computer Edit System

Computer Edit System

InteractiveVideo

InteractiveVideo Digital AudioDigital Audio

Multimedia Technologies

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Business Enterprise Application Software

CustomerRelationshipManagement

HumanResource

Management

Accounting andFinancial

Management

Supply Chain

Management

EnterpriseResourcePlanning

BusinessDecisionSupport

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Functions of an Operating System

ResourceManagement

ResourceManagement

TaskManagement

TaskManagement

UserInterface

UserInterface

FileManagement

FileManagement

Utilitiesand OtherFunctions

Utilitiesand OtherFunctions

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Categories of Programming Languages

Machine LanguagesUse binary coded instructions

1001 10011100 1101

High Level LanguagesUse brief statements

Compute X = Y + Z

Markup LanguagesUse embeddedcontrol codes

Assembler LanguagesUse symbolic codedinstructions

LOD YADD Z

Fourth GenerationLanguagesUse natural statements

Object-OrientedLanguagesDefine objects thatcontain data and actions

Document.write(“Hi There”)

<H1>First heading</H><!ELEMENT Product (#Item | manuf)>

SUM THE FOLLOWINGNUMBERS

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Programming Language Translation

LanguageTranslation

Process

LanguageTranslation

Process

SourceProgram

MachineLanguage

ObjectProgram

Written inBASIC,COBOL,

etc.

LanguageTranslatorProgram

• Compiler• Interpreter• Assembler

IF A := BTHEN 1001101

11101010010110

Eleventh EditionJames A. O’Brien 13Introduction to Information Systems

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• Computer software consists of two major types of programs: application software that directs the performance of a particular end user task, and system software that controls and supports the operations of a computer system.

• Application software includes a variety of programs that can be segregated into general-purpose and application-specific categories.

Chapter Summary

Eleventh EditionJames A. O’Brien 14Introduction to Information Systems

Irwin/McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2002, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

• System software can be subdivided into system management programs and system development programs. The former is used to manage hardware, software, networks, and data resources. The latter is used by IS specialists to develop computer programs.

• An operating system is an integrated system of programs that supervises the operations of the CPU.

Chapter Summary (cont)

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• There are 5 major levels of programming languages. Language translator programs convert programming language instructions into machine language instructions.

Chapter Summary (cont)