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LEARNING OUTCOMES

Define computer network

State the importance of computernetworks.

Define types of computer networks

Differentiate between the three types of

computer networks.

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COMPUTERNETWORK

What is

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Computer network

A computer network is a system ofinterconnected computers and peripheraldevices.

For example, it may connect computers,printers, scanners and cameras.

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Types of Networks

Define types of computer networks(LAN, MAN, WAN)

Differentiate between the three types ofcomputer networks.

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TYPES OF NETWORKS

LOCAL AREANETWORK

METROPOLITANAREA NETWORK

WIDE AREANETWORK

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Comparison of LAN, MAN, WAN

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Networks Architecture

Define two types of network architecturei) Client/Server

ii) Peer-to-Peer

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NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

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Network architecture

overall design of a computer network

that describes how a computer

network is configured and whatstrategies are being used.

mainly focuses on the functions of

the networks. also known as network model or

network design.

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Network architecture

CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK

A client/server network is a networkin which the shared files and

applications are stored in theserver but network users (clients)can still store files on theirindividual PCs.

A server is a computer that sharesinformation and resources withother computers on a network.

A client is a computer whichrequests services or files from aserver computer.

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Network architecture

Peer-to-peer or P2P

is a network with all the nodesacting as both servers andclients.

A PC can access files locatedon another PC and can alsoprovide files to other PCs.

All computers in the peer-to-peer network has equalresponsibilities and capabilitiesto use the resources availableon the network.

With peer-to-peer network, noserver is needed; eachcomputer in the network is

called a peer.

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Differences

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Network Topology

State three types of network topologies.(bus, ring, star)

Differentiate between the three types ofnetwork topology.

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NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

Bus Topology

Ring TopologyStar Topology

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Bus Topology

DESCRIPTION OF BUS TOPOLOGY

Very common in LAN.

Must have a common backbone (thecentral cable) to connect all devices.

All nodes share the backbone tocommunicate with each other on thenetwork.

Sometimes, a bus network has morethan one server. Sometimes, a serveris not needed on the network.

A bus topology consists of a single central cable to whichall computers and other devices connect. A bus topology isalso known as a bus network.

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Ring Topology

DESCRIPTION OF RING TOPOLOGY

Can be found in LAN.

Each node directly connect to twoneighbouring nodes.

A server may exist in a ring network,but it will not connect to all the nodes inthe network.

The server, like other nodes, will onlycommunicate to its two neighbouringnodes

A ring topology consists of all computers and otherdevices that are connected in a loop. Ring topology is alsoknown as a ring network.

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Star Topology

DESCRIPTION OF STAR TOPOLOGY

A star network is found in a Local AreaNetwork setting.

A star network must have a host whichacts as the centre.

The host can be a server, hub or router. In a star network, every node will not

connect to the neighbouring nodes.

Every node must connect to the host inorder to communicate.

The host will control the flow of

communication in the network.

A star topology consists of a central host which acts as thecentre, and all nodes connect to the host. A star topology is alsoknown as star network.

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Differences

Bus Topology Ring Topology Star Topology

Structure there is a singlecentral cable (backbone)and all computers andother devices connect toit

all computers and otherdevices areconnected in a circle

there is a central host andall nodesconnect to it

Host existence depends on networkneeds depends on network needs yes

Connectionbetween nodes

It has no connectionbetween the nodes.

yes no

Host failure network can still run network will fail network will fail

Node failure network can still run network will fail network can still run

Ease of

troubleshooting

difficult. Need to

search for theproblematic node one byone

depends on backbone. If there

is a backbone,troubleshooting isdifficult. If there is nobackbone, the focus is on thetwo nodes not communicating

depends on the host. It

is easier to repair theproblematic host. However,if the nodes fail, then eachnode has to be searched

Ease of addingor removing nodes

easy difficult average

Number of nodeswhen extendingnetwork

many limited limited

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