…the day you stop learning, you start dying…

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS nderstanding the computer is very easy because the act of computer is computing and everybody practices computing e.g. calculating,

measurements etc.The History of Computer started in 1940’s but computing as an act started long ago with human activities…

omputers are everywhere: at work, at school, and at home. People use all types and sizes of computers for a variety of reasons and in a range of places. While some computers sit on top of a desk or on

the floor, mobile computers and mobile devices are small enough to carry. Mobile devices, such as many cell phones, often are classified ascomputers.Computers are a primarymeans of local and global communication for billions of people. Consumers use computers to correspond withbusinesses, employees with other employees andcustomers, students with classmates and teachers,and family members and military personnel with friends and other family members. In addition to sending simple notes, people use computersto share photos, drawings, documents, calendars,journals, music, and videos.Through computers, society has instantaccess to information from around the globe.Local and national news, weather reports, sportsscores, airline schedules, telephone directories,maps and directions, job listings, credit reports,and countless forms of educational materialalways are accessible.From the computer, you can make a telephone call, meet new friends, share opinions or life stories, book flights, shop, fill prescriptions, file taxes, take a course, receive alerts, and automate your home. At home or while on the road, people use computers to manage schedules and contacts, listen to voice mail messages, balance checkbooks, pay bills, transfer funds, and buy or sell stocks. Banks place ATMs (automated teller machines)all over the world, so that customers can deposit and withdraw funds anywhere at any time. At the grocery store, a computer tracks purchases, calculates the amount of money due, and often generates coupons customized to buying patterns.Vehicles include onboard navigation systems thatprovide directions, call for emergency services, and track the vehicle if it is stolen. In the workplace, employees use computersto create correspondence such as e-mail messages,memos, and letters; manage calendars; calculatepayroll; track inventory; and generate invoices.

U

C

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At school, teachers use computers to assist with classroom instruction. Students complete assignments and conduct research on computers in lab rooms, at home, or elsewhere. Instead of attendingclass on campus, some students take entireclasses directly from their computer. People also spend hours of leisure time usinga computer. They play games, listen to music orradio broadcasts, watch or compose videos and movies, read books and magazines, share stories,research genealogy, retouch photos, and planvacations.As technology continues to advance, computershave become a part of everyday life. Thus, many people believe computer literacy is vital tosuccess in today’s world. Computer literacy,also known as digital literacy, involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computersand their uses. Because the requirements thatdetermine computer literacy change as technologychanges, you must keep up with these changes toremain computer literate.

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COMPUTER AND ITS DEFINITION

What Is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device, operatingunder the control of instructions stored in itsown memory that can accept data, processthe data according to specified rules, produceresults, and stores the results for future use. Computer can be defined as an electronic; machine that accepts data’s as input, processes it through its processing unit and gives its result as an output or information.

Understanding Data and Information Computers process data into information.Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. Information conveys meaning and is useful to people. Many daily activities either involve the use of computers or depend on information from a computer.

Information Processing Cycle Computers process data (input) intoinformation (output). Computers carry outprocesses using instructions, which are the stepsthat tell the computer how to perform a particulartask. A collection of related instructionsorganized for a common purpose is referred toas software. A computer often holds data, information,and instructions in storage for futureuse. Some people refer to the series of input, process, output, and storage activities as theinformation processing cycle. Most computers today communicate with other computers. As a result, communications also has become an essential element of theinformation processing cycle.

For example: A computer processes data into information. In this simplified example, the item ordered, item price, quantity ordered, andamount received all represent data. The computer processes the data to produce the cash register receipt (information). Please study this illustration showing how data’s are processed into information (for better understanding).

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Here’s the Illustration:- DATA:- PROCESSES:-

• Computes each item’s total price by multiplying thequantity ordered by the item price (i.e., 2 * 1.49 = 2.98). • Organizes data. • Sums all item total prices to determine order total duefrom customer (13.12). • Calculates change due to customer by subtracting theorder total from amount received (20.00 - 13.12 = 6.88). INFORMATION:-

ROYAL SPARK SYSTEMS 1, OgheneovieOvadje Avenue, Lekki Peninsula, Lagos, Nigeria. (234) 7060834856 QTY ITEM(S) TOTAL

2 Famadavic IC’s 2.98 1 MJ Beats Sticks 3.49 1 Motherboard 4.49 1 Spark Silicon Chips 0.99 3 Ovadje LCD’s 1.17 Total Due 13.12 Amount Received 20.00 Change 6.88 Thank You

Description Unit Price Qty

Famadavic IC’s $ 1.49 each 2 MJ Beats Sticks $ 3.49 each 1 Motherboard $ 4.49 each 1 Spark Silicon chips $ 0.99 each 1 Ovadje LCD’s $ 0.39 each 2 Amount Received $ 20.00

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COMPUTER AND ITS PARTS

The Parts of the computer is divided into two, they are:-

The Main Parts: They are the CPU, VDU & the Keyboard The Peripherals: They are the other parts of the computer e.g. Mouse,

Plotter, Joystick, Microphone, Speaker, Scanner, Light Pen e.t.c

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THE MONITOR The monitor looks like a television screen and is where you see what is happening on your computer. By using shadows and graphics with over a million different colors, much of what you see will appear 3-dimensional. Think of this as the ‘face’ of the computer. THE CPU (Central Processing Unit) The CPU houses the machinery that allows your computer to work. Think of this as the ‘brains’ of the computer. This component looks very different in desktops and laptops, but it works the same.

THE KEYBOARD The keyboard is one of two ways to interact with your computer. The keys should mostly mimic a traditional typewriter. The Keyboard is an input device used to type characters and send commands by typing i.e. shortcuts like Ctrl + S = Save, Ctrl + O= Open. Various Keys of the Keyboard: Letter Keys, Number Keys, Alpha-numeric keys, Cursor keys, Function keys, Numeric keypad etc. *Please check Page 13 to understand more about the Keyboard*

THE MOUSE This is the other way to interact with your computer. Most mice have two buttons—a right and a left button—and a scrolling wheel. The Mouse is an input device used for clicking; it is used to give instruction to the computer by clicking. Types of Clicking: Left clicking, Right clicking & Double clicking. *Please check Page 14 to understand more about the Mouse*

TYPES OF COMPUTER The Output of a computer is used to determine the type of computer i.e. by their output you shall know them.

Analog Computer: Generally used in taking readings, measurements and mostly diagnostic tools e.g. thermometer, ammeter, stethoscope, barometer, voltmeter, Tape rule etc. Their outputs are in form of graphs and curves.

Digital Computer: They are mostly found in business environments, their outputs are in form of digits, e.g. Calculators, Mobile Phones, Laptops, Digital Clocks etc.

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Hybrid Computer: This is the combination of analog and digital features; the hybrid computer can take readings and display its information in form of digits e.g. electronic scales found in petrol filling stations, digital thermometers etc.

CLASSES OF COMPUTER Computers are classified by their sizes i.e. by their sizes you shall know them, the classes of computers are:-

Micro Computers: They are small or portable computers e.g. laptops, mobile phones, I Pads, Notebook Computers etc.

Mini Computers: They are medium computers, bigger than the micro-computers but smaller than the mainframe computers e.g. Photocopiers etc.

Mainframe Computers: They are large computers found in organizations or business environment and are mostly referred to as room computers because of their sizes, A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneouslyMainframes Storetremendous amounts of data, instructions, and information.

Review Assignment If you have studied this Introduction to computers, answer this:

1. Define Computer. 2. List and explain the following with an example:-

I. Types of computer II. Classes of computer

III. Parts of Computer 3. What do you understand by:-

i. Data ii. Information

4. Sketch a Computer System. 5. What type of computer does a “Speedometer” belong?

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Turning the Computer On

Let's get started! As you sit down at your desk, you can assume that your Computer System is one of three states: OFF:This is exactly what it sounds like: The computer is off, and no parts are running or working. The monitor is black (no images), there is no “whirring” sound from the CPU, and the computer is unresponsive to mouse movements or pressing keys on the keyboard. The power button (if it lights up) should not be lit up. ON:When a computer is on, you should see digits or images on the monitor, you may possibly hear a “whirring” noise coming from the CPU (hopefully not too loud!), and the pointer on the screen (the small white arrow) should respond when you move the mouse. SLEEP MODE:Most computers have a mode called “Sleep,” in which thecomputer is on, but has assumed an energy-efficient, minimal power mode. To“wake” the computer, simply move the mouse around or press the space bar onthe keyboard and it will “wake up” and return to the exact same place that it waswhen it went to sleep. In other words, if you were using a word processingprogram and the computer went to sleep, it would return to exactly what you were working on when it wakes up.

NOTE: To turn a computer on, simply press the power button once (no need to hold the button—just press and release). You will see something like this: it’s the switch.

Logging On Once you turn the computer on, the computer will go through a series of automated tasks before it is ready for you to interact with it; this process is called “startup.” This process will last between one and two minutes. If the computer is not working correctly, you may see an error message during startup. If the computer is performing as it should, however, you will probably see one of the following screens:

Please turn over…--

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Here’s the login screen:

After this, you see the desktop, it looks like this:

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After you log on, the computer will display what is known as your desktop within a few seconds to a few minutes (if your computer is newer, this will probably go faster). Here you will see a digital representation of something similar to a real-life office space, complete with a workspace, files and file folders, and even a recycling bin! One of the neatest features about Microsoft Windows is that your desktop may not look anything like the one above! While this may sound confusing, it means that you are able to personalize, alter, and change almost everything about your desktop environment. If you do not like the color blue as your background, where the icons are, or even what language it is in, you can change it! Here are some examples:

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UNDERSTANDING WINDOWS

Windows is a User Friendly Popular Operating System that deals with the

term “Graphical Interface”. Graphical Interface simply means the clicking of

commands.

TERMS, YOU SHOULD KNOW:

Desktop: This is the main screen of the computer Icons: These are small pictures used to represent programs, shortcuts and commands Taskbar: This is the rectangular bar at the bottom of the desktop screen. Start MenuButton: This is the small box at the left-hand side of the taskbar on the desktop screen. Recycle Bin: This is the folder that contains deleted files.

My Documents: This is the default folder of where documents are stored.

My Computer: This is the System Folder that contains all the drives in your

computer system.

Note:-

Here’s how the

Desktop looks

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UNDERSTANDING THE BASIC TOOLS FOR WORKING WITH

THE COMPUTER:

The Keyboard and the Mouse are the main tools you must understand when

working with computer…

THE KEYBOARD

n order to use your computer effectively, you must interact with it using both the mouse and the keyboard. The above image is a keyboard, it may

closely resemblethe keyboard in front of you; learning the function of just a few keys will help you to interact better with your computer and individual programs. The following is a list of commonly used keys that have special functions (keep in mind that key functions can change depending on which program you are using): 1. Backspace: This key deletes letters backward.

2. Delete: This key deletes letters forward.

3. Shift: This key, when pressed WITH another key, will perform a

secondary

Function.

4. Spacebar: This key enters a space between words or letters.

5. Tab: This key will indent what you type, or move the text to the right.

The default indent distance is usually ½ inch.

6. Caps Lock: Pressing this key will make every letter you type capitalized.

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7. Control (Ctrl): This key, when pressed WITH another key, performs a

Shortcut.

8. Enter: This key either gives you a new line, or executes a command

(pressed in a word processing program e.g. Ms. Office Word, it begins a

new line).

9. Number Keypad: These are exactly the same as the numbers at the top

of the Keyboard; some people find them easier to use in this position.

10. Cursor / Arrow Keys: Like the mouse, these keys are used to navigate

through a document or page.

Others Keys are Page up Key, Page down Key, End Key, Home Key, Print

Screen Key, Letter keys, Number Keys, Alpha-numeric Keys etc.

The Mouse

While the keyboard is primarily used to insert/input and manipulate text and

numbers on a computer, the mouse is used mostly for navigating around the

screen. Mice come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Some of the strangest-

looking mice often look that way because they are designed to be more

ergonomic than traditional mice.The type of mouse that you choose to use is

totally based on your preference; if you want a fancy mouse, that’s fine; if you

prefer a simple mouse, that’s OK too. Each mouse, however different it may

be, has similar functions.

Understanding Clicking One of the most difficult things to learn when first beginning to use a

computer, is how to use the mouse. It takes coordination, precision, and

patience. Fortunately, the more you practice, the easier it will become!

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The mouse symbol, or pointer, that

appears on the computer screen will

change its look and function

depending on what it is near or

hovering over.

…SOMETHING YOU NEED TO KNOW:

The Operating System

Computers without operating systems are exactly like televisions without a

signal: They will turn on, but you will be looking at a blank screen with no hope

of Interacting with it (the lights are on, but nobody’s home)! The most popular

operating system is “Microsoft Windows,” and it is utilized by most personal

computer (PC) users. It is what you are using today in class. It is a program that

acts as the brains of the computer, allowing you to run other programs, work

on projects, and do basically everything else that computers are capable of.

There are many different versions of Microsoft Windows e.g. Windows 98,

Windows XP, Windows Vista etc.; and a new version is released every couple

of years (just like car models).

For now, remember these rules:

1. The LEFT mouse button SELECTS

items.

2. The RIGHT mouse button GIVES YOU

MORE

OPTIONS.

3. Double-Clicking the LEFT mouse

button

EXECUTES options (for example, you

can open a

Program by double-clicking an icon on

the desktop).

4. Double-Clicking the RIGHT mouse

button does not do

Anything.

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The Start Menu Button:

The Start Menu is the small box at the left hand side of the taskbar of the Desktop screen. LEFT-CLICK once on the Start Button to Open the Menu. You will notice that the options that are available in this menu contains popular programs like Microsoft Office Word 2007, Microsoft Office Excel 2007 etc., Also note the “Turn off Computer” button at the bottom of the menu. This button is very important.

It will allow you to log off or shut down the computer. Logging off a computer is like locking a car—the computer is in a stationary mode and you can’t do anything from the outside. Clicking it is like turning off the engine. When you click Turn off Computer, the computer has an opportunity to properly “shut down”. By pointing your cursor at “All Programs,” another menu will appear. This is a list of all the programs that you have installed on your computer. Nearly everything that you can do with your computer can be found in the Start menu. This includes finding help, using programs, getting on the Internet, e-mailing, playing games, customizing your desktop, and more! You should feel free to experiment with the Start Menu. Go ahead and left-click on something!

Here is something you must know:-

Minimize Maximize/Restore

Down Close

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Minimize: Left-click this button to shrink the window down to the taskbar, it reduces the running program or folder to the taskbar. Maximize: Left-click this button to make the window/running application as large as it can be. It will take up your entire screen. Restore Down: Left-click this button to make the window smaller without minimizing it i.e. it reduces the size of the window but it does not reduce it to the taskbar. Close: Left-click this button to close the window. The program will close and stop running. Make sure you save your work first!

TERMS Booting: This is the process whereby a computer prepares itself for

an operator, There are various types of Booting; they are: Cold Booting: simply means turning on a computer Warm Booting: simply means restarting an already turned on

computer Re-Booting: simply means the same as warm booting

Review Assignment If you have studied this, answer this:

1. Define Microsoft Windows? 2. What is Desktop?

I. What is an Icon? II. What is a Taskbar?

3. Write short notes on the function of a Keyboard? I. List 10 shortcuts you know II. List 5 keys out of the various keys of the keyboard

4. What is the basic function of the Mouse? 5. What do you understand by Shutting down a computer?

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DESKTOP PUBLISHING

What is Desktop Publishing?

Desktop Publishing can be defined as a Course

that deals with the Preparation of documents and the Creation of Publication i.e. typing of documents, Organization of data’s, designing a publication e.t.c.

Who is a Desktop Publisher?

ADesktopPublisher is someone who studied

Desktop Publishing or someone with the abilities of preparation of documents and creating of publication or someone with the knowledge of Microsoft Office package e.g. Ms. Word, Ms. Excel, Ms. PowerPoint etc.

…please come as we begin with our first practical subject (Ms. Word) in

this course…

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MISCROSOFT OFFICE WORD {2007} Microsoft Word is a word-processing

application that is generally used for

Typesetting…

How to go to Ms. Word: Click Start Button ->All Programs -> Microsoft Office ->Microsoft Office

Word

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GETTING STARTED WITH MICROSOFT OFFICE WORD 2007

Microsoft Office word is a word processing application used in the preparation

of documents and it’s generally used for type setting e.g. general typing,

preparation of letter heads e.t.c

Screen Layout

Menus

When you begin to explore Word 2007 you will notice a new look to the menu bar. There

are three features that you should remember as you work within Word 2007: the Microsoft

Office Button, the Quick Access Toolbar, and the Ribbon. These three features contain

many of the functions will be more fully explored below.

The Microsoft Office Button

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The Microsoft Office button performs many of the function that were located in the File

menu of older versions of Word. This button allows you to create a new document, open an

existing document, save or save as, print, send (through email or fax), publish or close.

The Ribbon

The ribbon is the panel at the top portion of the document. It has seven tabs: Home, Insert,

Page Layout, References, Mailings, Review, and View that contain many new and existing

features of word. Each tab is divided into groups. The groups are logical collections of

features designed to perform functions that you will utilize in developing or editing your

word document. Commonly used features are displayed on the Ribbon, to view additional

features within each group, click on the arrow at the bottom right of each group.

Each of the tabs contains the following tools:

Home: Clipboard, Fonts, Paragraph, Styles, and Editing.

Insert: Pages, Tables, Illustrations, Links, Header & Footer, Text and

Symbols

Page Layout: Themes, Page Setup, Page Background, paragraph,

Arrange.

References: Table of contents, Footnote, citation & Bibliography,

captions, index and Table of Authorities.

Mailings: Create, Start Mail Merge, Write & Insert Fields, Preview

Results, Finish

Review: Proofing, comments, Tracking, changes compare, Protect

View: Document views, Show/Hide, Zoom, Window, Macros

Please turn over to next page for the menus, I mean how they look

when you click on each of them…

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Quick Access Toolbar

The quick access toolbar is a customizable toolbar that contains commands that you may

want to use. You can place the quick access toolbar above or below the ribbon. To change

the location of the quick access toolbar, click on the arrow at the end of the toolbar and

click on show Below the Ribbon.

You can also add items to the quick access toolbar. Right click on any item in the Office

Button or the Ribbon and click on Add to Quick Access Toolbar and a shortcut will be

added to the Quick Access Toolbar.

WORKING WITH DOCUMENT

Create a New Document

There are several ways to create new documents, open existing documents, and save

documents in word:

Click the Microsoft Office Button and click New or

Press CTRL+N (Depress the CTRL key while pressing the “N”) on the keyboard

You will notice that when you click on the Microsoft Office Button and Click New, you

have many choices about the types of documents you can create. If you wish to start from a

blank document, click Blank. If you wish to start from a template you can browse through

your choices on the left, see the choices on center screen, and preview the selection on the

right screen.

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Opening an Existing Document

Click the Microsoft Office Button and click Open, or

Press CTRL+O (Depress the CTRL key while pressing the “O”) on the keyboard, or

If you have recently used the document you can click the Microsoft Office Button

and click the name of the document in the Recent Documents section of the

window insert picture of recent docs.

Saving a Document

Click the Microsoft Office Button and click Save or Save As (remember, if you’re

sending the document to someone who does not have Office 2007, you will need to

click the Office Button, click Save As, and Click Word 97 – 2003 Document), or

Press CTRL+S (Depress the CTRL key while pressing the “S”) on the keyboard, or

Click the File icon on the Quick Access Toolbar

Renaming Documents

To rename a word document while using the program:

Click the Office Button and find the file you want to rename.

Right – click the document name with the mouse and select Rename from the

shortcut menu.

Type the new name for the file and press the ENTER key

Working on Multiple Documents

Several documents can be opened simultaneously if you are typing or editing multiple

documents at once. All open documents will be listed in the View Tab of the Ribbon when

you click on switch windows. The current document has a checkmark beside the file name.

select another open document to view it.

Document Views

There are many ways to view a document in word.

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Print Layout:This is a view of the document as it would appear when printed. It

includes all tables, text, graphics, and images.

Full screen Reading: This is a full view length view of a document. Good for

viewing two pages at a time.

Web Layout: This is a view of the document as it would appear in a web browser.

Outline: This is an outline form of the document in the form of bullets.

Draft: This view does not display pictures or layout, just text.

To view a document in different forms, click the document views shortcut at the bottom of

the screen or:

Click the View Tab on the Ribbon

Click on the appropriate document view.

Close a Document

To close a document:

Click the Office Button

Click Close

Customize the Word Environment

Word 2007 offers a wide range of customizable options that allow you to make Word work

the best for you. To access these customize options:

Click the Office Button

Click Word Options

Popular

These features allow you to personalize your work environment with language, colour

schemes, user name and allow you to access the Live Preview feature. The live Preview

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feature allows you to preview the results of applying design and formatting changes

without actually applying it.

Proofing

This feature allows you personalize how word corrects and formats your text. You can

customize auto correction settings and have word ignore certain words or errors in a

document.

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Save

This feature allows you personalize how your document is saved. You can specify how

often.

Advanced

This feature allows you to specify options for editing, copying, pasting, displaying,

printing and saving.

Customize

Customize allows you to add features to the Quick Access Toolbar. If there are tools that

you are utilizing frequently, you may want to add these to the Quick Access Toolbar.

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EDITING A DOCUMENT

Typing and Inserting Text

To enter text, just start typing! The text with appear where the blinking cursor is located.

Move the cursor by using the arrow buttons on the keyboard or positioning the mouse and

clicking the left button. The keyboard shortcuts listed below are also helpful when moving

through the text f a document:

Move Action Keystroke

Beginning of the line HOME

End of the line END

Top of the document CTRL+HOME

End of the documents CTRL+END

Selecting Text

To change any attributes of text it must be highlighted first. Select the text by dragging the

mouse over the desired text while keeping the left mouse button depressed, or hold down

the SHIFT key on the keyboard while using the arrow buttons to highlight the text. The

following table contains shortcuts for selecting a portion of the text:

Selection Technique Whole word Double – click within the word

Whole paragraphs Triple – click within the paragraph

Several words or lines Drag the mouse over the words, or hold down SHIFT while using the

arrow keys

Entire document ChooseEditing Select Select All from the Ribbon, or press CTRL+A

Deselect the text by clicking anywhere outside of the selection on the page or press an

arrow key on the keyboard.

Inserting Additional Text

Text can be inserted in a document at any point using any of the following methods:

Type Text: Put your cursor where you want add he text and begin typing

Copy and Paste Text: Highlight the text you wish to copy and right click and click

copy, put your cursor where you want the text in the document and right click and

click Paste.

Cut and Paste Text: highlight the text you wish to copy and right click and click

Cut, put your cursor where you want the text in the document and right click and

click Paste.

Drag Text: Highlight the text you wish to move, click on it and drag it to the place

where you want the text in the document.

You will notice that you can also use the Clipboard group on the Ribbon.

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Rearrange Blocks of Text

To rearrange text within a document, you can utilize the Clipboard Group on the Home

Tab of the Ribbon.

Insert picture of clipboard group labeled

Move text: Cut and Paste or Drag as shown above

Copy Text: Copy and Paste as above or use the clipboard group on the Ribbon

Paste Text: Ctrl + V (hold down the CTRL and the “V” key at the same time) or use the

clipboard group to Paste, Paste Special, or paste as Hyperlink

Deleting Blocks of Text Use the BACKSPACE and DELETEkeys on the keyboard to delete text. Backspace will

delete text to the left of the cursor and Delete will erase text to the right. To delete a large

selection of text, highlight it using any of the methods outlined above and press the

DELETE key.

Search and Replace Text

To find a particular word or phrase in a document:

Click Find on the Editing Group on the Ribbon

To find and replace a word or phrase in the document, click Replace on the Editing

Group of the Ribbon.

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Undo Changes

To undo changes:

Click the Undo Button on the Quick Access Toolbar

Formatting Text Styles

A style is a format enhancing tool that includes font typefaces, font size, effects (bold,

italics, underline, etc), colors and more. You will notice that on the Home Tab of the

Ribbon, that you have several areas that will control the style of your document: Font,

Paragraph, and Styles.

Change Font Typeface and size

To change the font typeface:

Click the narrow next to the font name and choose a font

Remember that you can preview how the new font will look by highlighting the text,

and hovering over the new font typeface.

To change the font size:

Click the narrow next to the font size and choose the appropriate size, or

Click the increase or decrease font size buttons.

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Font Styles and Effects

Font styles are predefined formatting options that are used to emphasize text. They include:

Bold, Italic, and underline. To add these to text:

Select the text and click the Font Styles included on the Font Group of the Ribbon, or

Select the text and right click to display the font tools

Change Text Colour

To change the text colour:

Select the text and click the colour s button included on the Font Group of the Ribbon, or

Highlight the text and right click choose the colours tool.

Select the colour by clicking the down arrow next to the font colour button.

Highlight Text

Highlight text allows you to use emphasize text as you would if you had a marker. To

highlight text:

Select the text

Click the Highlight Button on the Font Group of the Ribbon, o

Select the text and right click and select the highlight tool

To change the colour of the highlighter click on down arrow next to the highlight button

Copy Formatting

If you have already formatted text the way you want it and would like another portion of

the document to have the same formatting, you can copy the formatting. TO copy the

formatting, do the following;

Select the text with the formatting you want to copy.

Copy the format of the text selected by clicking the Format Painter button on the

Clipboard Group of the Home Tab

Apply the copied format by selecting the text and clicking on it.

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Clear Formatting

To clear text formatting:

Select the text you wish to clear the formatting

Click the Styles dialogue box on the Styles Group on the Home Tab

ClickClear All

FORMATTING PARAGRAPHS

Formatting paragraphs allows you to change the look of the overall document. You can

access many of the tools of paragraph formatting by clicking the Page Layout Tab of the

Ribbon or the Paragraph Group on the Home Tab of the Ribbon

Change Paragraph Alignment

The paragraph alignment allows you to set how you want text to appear. To change the

alignment.

Click the Home Tab

Choose the appropriate button for alignment on the paragraphs Group.

Align Left: the text is aligned with you left margin

Center: The text is centered within your margins

Align |Right: Aligns text with the right margin

Justify: Aligns text to both the left and right margins.

Indent Paragraphs

Indenting paragraphs allows you set text within a paragraph at different margins. There are

several options for indenting:

First line: Controls the left boundary for the first line of a paragraph

Hanging: Controls the left boundary for every line in a paragraph except the first one

Left:Controls the left boundary for every line in a paragraph

Right: Controls the right boundary for every line in a paragraph

To indent paragraphs, you can do the following:

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Click the indent buttons to control the indent.

Click the Indent buttons repeated times to increase the size of the indent.

Click the dialog box of the Paragraph Group

Click the Indent and Spacing Tab

Select your indents

Add Borders and Shading

You can add borders and shading to paragraph and entire pages. To create a border around

a paragraphs:

Select the area of text where you want the border or shading.

Click the Borders Button on the Paragraph Group on the Home Tab

Choose the Border and Shading

Choose the appropriate options

Apply styles

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Styles are a present collection of formatting that you can apply to text. To utilize Quick

Styles:

Select the text you wish to format

Click the dialog box next to the Styles Group on the Home Tab

Click the style you wish to apply.

Create Links

Creating links in a word document allows you to put in a URL that readers can click on to

visit a web page. To insert a link:

Click the Hyperlink Button on the Insert Tab.

Type in the text in the “Text to Display” box and the web address in the “Address”

box.

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Change Spacing Between Paragraph and lines

You can change the space between lines and paragraphs by doing the following:

Select the Paragraph or paragraphs you wish to change

On the Home Tab, Click the Paragraph Dialog Box

Click the Indents and Spacing Tab

In the Spacing section, adjust your spacing accordingly

Styles

The use of styles in Word will allow you to quickly format a document with a consistent

and

Apply Styles

Click the styles dialog box on the Styles Group in the Home Tab. To apply a style:

Click the Styles Dialog Box

Click the style you choose

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Creating New Styles

Styles or New Quick styles

To create a new style:

Click the styles Dialog Box

Click the New style Button

Complete the New style dialog Box.

At the bottom of that dialog box, you can choose to add this to the Quick style List

or to make it available only in this document.

New Quick Style

To create a style easily:

Insert your cursor anywhere in the chosen style

Click the style dialog box

Click Save Selection as New Quick Style

Style Inspector

To determine the style of a particular section of a document:

Insert cursor anywhere in the text that you want to explain the style

Click the Styles Drop down Menu

Click the Style Inspector Button

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DESIGNING A TABLE

Click on Insert

On the Design Tab, you can choose:

Table Style Options

Table Styles

Draw Borders

To format a table, click the table and then click Layout tab on the Ribbon. This Layout tab

allows you to:

View Gridlines and properties (from the Table Group)

Insert Rows and Columns (from the Rows & Columns Group)

Delete the Table, Rows and/ or Columns (from the Rows & Columns Group)

Merge or split cells (from the Merge Group)

Increase and Decrease cell size (Cell Size Group)

Align text within the cells and change text direction (Alignment Group)

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Graphics

Word 2007 allows you to insert characters, symbols, pictures, illustration, and watermarks.

Symbols and Special Characters

Special characters are punctuation, spacing, or typographical characters that are not

generally available on the standard keyboard. To insert symbols and special characters:

Place your cursor in the document where you want the symbol

Click the insert Tab on the Ribbon

Click the symbol button on the Symbols Group

Choose the appropriate symbol.

Equations

Word 2007 also allows you to insert mathematical equations. To access the mathematical

equations tool:

Place your cursor in the document where you want the symbol

Click the Insert Tab on the Ribbon

Click the Equation Button on the Symbols Group

Choose the appropriate equation and structure or click Insert New Equation

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To edit the equation click the equation and the Design Tab will be available in the

Ribbon

Illustration, Picture, and Smart Art

Word 2007 allows you to insert illustrations and picture into a document. To insert

illustration:

Place your cursor in the document where you want the illustration/picture

Click the Insert Tab on the Ribbon

Click the Clip Art Button

The dialog box will open on the screen and you can search for clip art

Choose the illustration you wish to include

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To insert aPicture:

Click the Insert Tab on the Ribbon

Click the Picture button

Click the Picture

Click insert

SmartArt is a collection of graphics you can utilize to organize information within your

document. It includes timelines, processes, or window. To insert Smart Art

Place your cursor in the document where you want the illustration/picture

Click the Insert tab on the Ribbon

Click the Smart Art button

Click the Smart Art you wish to include in your document

Click the arrow on the left side of the graphic to insert text or type the text in the

graphic.

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Resize Graphics

All graphics can be resized by clicking the image and clicking one corner of the image and

dragging the cursor to the size you want the picture.

Watermarks

A Watermark is a translucent image that appears behind the primary text in a document. To

insert a watermark:

Click the Page Layout Tab in the Ribbon

Click the Watermark Button in the Page Background Group

Click the Watermark you want for the document or click Custom Watermark and

create your own watermark

To remove a watermark, follow the steps above, but click Remove Watermark

To use Custom Watermark… is to create your own watermark.

There are two types of Watermark; they are Picture Watermark & Text Watermark

There are two layouts of watermark; they are Diagonal & Horizontal.

e.g.

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Proofreading a Document There are many features to help you proofread your document. These include: Spelling and

Grammar, Thesaurus, Autocorrect, Default Dictionary, and Word Count.

Spelling and Grammar

To check the spelling and grammar of a document

Place the cursor at the beginning of the document or the beginning of the section that

you want to check

Click the Review Tab on the Ribbon

Click Spelling & Grammar on the Proofing Group

Any errors will display a dialog box that allows you to choose a more appropriate

spelling or phrasing.

If you wish to check the spelling of an individual word, you can right click any word that

has been underlined by word and choose a substitution

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Thesaurus The Thesaurus allows you to view synonyms. To use the thesaurus:

Click the Review Tab of the Ribbon

Click the Thesaurus Button on the Proofing Group

The thesaurus tool will appear on the right side of the screen and you can view word

options.

You can also access the thesaurus by right-clicking any word and choosing Synonyms on

the menu.

Customize Autocorrect

You can set up the Autocorrect tool in word to retain certain text the way it is. To

customize Auto correct:

Click the Microsoft Office button

Click the Word Options Button

Click the Proofing tab

Click AutoCorrect options button

On the AutoCorrect Tab, you can specify words you want to replace as you type

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Create a New Default Dictionary

Often you will have business or educational jargon that may not be recognized by the

spelling and/or grammar check in word. You can customize the dictionary to recognize

these words.

Click the Microsoft Office button

Click the Word Options Button

Click the Proofing tab

Click the When Correcting Spelling tab

Click Custom Dictionaries

Apply a Page Border and Color To apply a page border or color:

On the Page Background Group, click the Page Colors or Page Borders drop down

menus

Insert Common Header and Footer Information

To insert Header and footer information click on page number data on title first, decide the

page then:

Click Header or Footer

Choose style

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The Header/Footer Design Tab will display on the Ribbon

Choose the information that you would like to have in the header or footer (date time)

Footer

Create a Page Break

Click the Page Layout Tab on the Ribbon

On the Page Setup Group click the

Click Page Break

Insert a Cover Page To insert a cover page:

Click the Insert Tab on the Ribbon

Click the Cover page Button on the Pages Group

Choose a style for the cover page

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Insert a Blank Page

To insert a blank page:

Click the Insert Tab on the Ribbon

Click the Blank Page Button on the Page Group

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Macros Macros are advanced features that can speed up editing or formatting you may perform

often in a Word document. They record sequences of menu selection that you choose so

that a series of action can be completed in one step.

Recording a Macro

To record a Macro:

Click the View Tab on the Ribbon

Click Macros

Click Record Macro

Enter a name (without spaces)

Click whether you want it assigned to a button (on the Quick Access Toolbar) or the

keyboard (a sequence of keys)

To assign the macro a button on the Quick Access Toolbar:

Click Button

Under the Customize Quick Access Toolbar, select the document for which you

want the Macro available

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Under choose commands: click the Macro that you are recording

Click Add

Click OK to begin Recording the Macro

Perform the actions you want recorded in the Macro

Click on Macro

Click on Stop Recording Macros

To assign a macro button to a keyboard shortcut:

Click keyboard

In the Press New shortcut key box, type the key sequence that you want and click

Assign

Click close to begin recording the Macro

Perform the actions you want recorded in the Macro

Click on Macros

Click on Stop Recording Macros

Running a Macro

Running a macro depends on whether it’s been added to the Quick Access Toolbar or if it’s

been given a keyboard Shortcut.

To run a Macro from the Quick Access Toolbar, simply click the Macro Icon.

To run a Macro from the Keyboard shortcut, simply press the keys that you have

programmed to run the Macro.

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TABLE OF CONTENT The easiest way to create a Table of Contents is to utilize the Heading Styles that you want

to include in the Table of Contents. For example: Heading 1, Heading 2, etc. based on the

content of your document. When you add or delete headings from your document, word

updates your Table of Contents. Word also updates the page number in the table of

contents when information in the document is added or delete. When you create a Table of

contents, the first thing you want to do is mark the entries in your document. The Table of

Contents is formatted based on levels of headings. Level 1 will include ant text identified

with the style Heading 1.

Mark Table of Contents Entries

You can mark the Table of Content entries in one of two ways: by using built-in heading

styles or by marking individual text entries.

To use Built-In Heading Styles

Select the text that you wish to be the heading

Click the Home Tab

In the Styles Group, click Heading 1 (or the appropriate heading)

If you don’t see the style you want, click the arrow to expand the Quick Styles Gallery

If the style you want does not appear click Save Selection as New Quick Style

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To Mark Individual Entries:

Select the text you wish to make a heading

Click the References Tab

Click Add Text in the Table of Contents Group

Click the Level that you want to Label your selection

Create a Table of Content

To create the Table of contents

Put your cursor in the document where you want the Table of Contents

Click the References Tab

Click the Table of Contents button

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Update Table of Contents

If you have added or removed headings or other table of contents entries you can update

by:

Apply headings or mark individual entries as directed above

Click the Reference Tab in the Ribbon

Click Update Table

Delete Table of Contents To delete a table of contents:

Click the References Tab on the Ribbon

Click Table of Contents

Click Remove Table of Contents

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Under Save as Type, click Web Page

Type in the name of the document (without spaces)

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LIST

Lists allow you to format and organize text with numbers, bullets, or in an outline.

Bulleted and Numbered Lists

Bulleted list have bullet points, numbered lists have numbers, and outline lists combine

numbers and letters depending on the organization of the list.

To add a list to existing text:

Select the text you wish to make a list

From the Paragraph Group on the Home Tab, Click the Bulleted or Numbered Lists

button

To create a new list:

Place your cursor where you want the list in the document

Click the Bulleted or Numbered Lists button

Begin typing

Nested Lists

A nested list is list with several levels of indented text. To created a nested list:

Created your list following the directions above

Click the Increase or Decrease Indent button

Formatting Lists

The bullet image and numbering format can be changed by using the Bullets or Numbering

dialog box.

Select the entire list to change all the bullets or numbers, or

Place the cursor on one line to change a single bullet

Right click

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Click the arrow next to the bulleted or numbered list and choose a bullet or

numbering style

REFERENCES AND CITATIONS Word 2007 offers great tools for citing sources, creating as bibliography, and managing the

sources. The first step to creating a reference list and citations in a document is to choose

the appropriate style that you will be using for formatting the citation and references.

Style

To choose a publishing style:

Click the References Tab on the Ribbon

Click the drop down box next to Style in the Citations & Bibliography Group

Choose the appropriate style

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Citations To insert a citation in the text portion of your document:

Click the References Tab on the Ribbon

Click the Insert Citation Button on the Citations & Bibliography Group

If this is a new source, click New Source

If you have already created this source, it will in the drop down list and you can

click on it

If you are creating a New Source, choose the type of source (book, article, etc.)

Complete the Create Source Form

If you need additional fields, be sure to click the Show All Bibliography Fields

check box

Click OK

Placeholders

Placeholders can be utilized when there is a reference to be cited, but you do not have all of

the information on the source. To insert a placeholder:

Click Insert Citation

Click Add New Placeholder

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Manage Sources

Once you have completed a document you may need to add or delete sources, modify

existing sources, or complete the information for the placeholders. To manage Sources:

Click the Reference Tab on the Ribbon

Click the Manage Source Button on the Citations & Bibliography Group

From this menu you can Add, Delete, and Edit Sources (note, you can preview the

source in the bottom pane of the window)

Bibliography

To Add a Bibliography to the document:

Place the cursor in the document where you want the bibliography

Click the References Tab on the Ribbon

Click the Bibliography Button on the Citations & Bibliography Group

Choose Insert Built-in Bibliography/Works Cited or Insert Bibliography

Insert Footnote

Some types of academic writing utilize footnotes. To insert a footnote:

Click the References Tab on the Ribbon

Click Insert Footnote (or Insert Endnote depending on your needs)

Begin typing the footnote

Tracking Changes

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Track changes are a great feature of Word that allows you to see what changes have been

made to a document. The tools for track changes are found on the Reviewing tab of the

Ribbon.

Begin Track Changes

To keep track of the changes you’ll be making to a document, you must click on Track

Changes icon.

To start tracking changes:

Click Review Tab on the Ribbon

Click Track Changes

Make the changes to your document and you will see my changes you have made.

Document Views

There are four ways to view a document after you have tracked changes:

Final Showing Markup:Thisshows the documentwith the changes displayed

Final: This shows the changes document, without the changes displayed

Original Showing Markup: The Original document with the changes displayed

Original: The original document without any changes

To change the view, click the appropriate choice in the Tracking Group of the review Tab

on the Ribbon

The Show Markup feature allows you to view different items (comments, formatting, etc.)

and choose to view different authors’ comments.

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Accept or Reject Changes

When you view the changes in a document you can either choose to accept or reject the

changes This allows you to review the document by each change to accept or reject

change.

Comments

The New comments icon also lets you add comments to the document. To add a new

comment, put your cursor where you would like to add the comment and click on New

comment.

Printing from Microsoft Word

Go to file, and select print or simply press CTRL + P = Print