computer literacy basics: a comprehensive guide to ic3...

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Computer Literacy BASICS: A Comprehensive Guide to IC3, 3rd

EditionLesson 2: Input, Output, and Processing

A Guide to this Instructor’s Manual:We have designed this Instructor’s Manual to supplement and enhance your teaching experience through classroom activities and a cohesive chapter summary.

This document is organized chronologically, using the same headings in plumplum that you see in the textbook. Under each heading you will find (in order): Lesson Objectives, Teacher Materials, a Prepare section that focuses students’ attention on the objectives in the lesson, Instructor Notes and Teacher Tips that summarize the section, Figures and Boxes found in the section, Classroom Activities, Projects to Assign, Key Terms, and Assess. Pay special attention to teaching tips, and activities geared towards quizzing your students, enhancing their critical thinking skills, and encouraging experimentation within the software.

In addition to this Instructor’s Manual, our Instructor Resources CD also contains PowerPoint presentations, Test Banks, and other supplements to aid in your teaching experience.

For your students: Our latest online feature, CourseCasts, is a library of weekly podcasts designed to keep your students up to date with the latest in technology news. Direct your students to http://coursecasts.course.com, where they can download the most recent CourseCast onto their mp3 players. Ken Baldauf, host of CourseCasts, is a faculty member of the Florida State University Computer Science Department where he is responsible for teaching technology classes to thousands of FSU students each year. Ken is an expert in the latest technology and sorts through and aggregates the most pertinent news and information for CourseCasts so your students can spend their time enjoying technology, rather than trying to figure it out. Open or close your lecture with a discussion based on the latest CourseCast.


Table of Contents Table of Contents Lesson Objectives.......................................................................................................3Data Files................................................................................................................... 3Teacher Materials.......................................................................................................3Prepare.......................................................................................................................3Technical Notes..........................................................................................................3Instructor Notes and Teacher Tips..............................................................................3Mod1-28: Introduction................................................................................................4Mod1-28: Standard Input Devices..............................................................................4Mod1-32: Standard Output Devices............................................................................6Mod1-36: Specialized Input Devices...........................................................................6Mod1-41: Specialized Output Devices........................................................................8Mod1-42: Connecting Input and Output Devices to the Computer.............................9Mod1-45: Computer Performance Factors..................................................................9Key Terms................................................................................................................11Projects to Assign.....................................................................................................11Assess......................................................................................................................12


Lesson ObjectivesLesson ObjectivesStudents will have mastered the material in Lesson 2 when they can: Identify and describe standard and

specialized input devices. Identify and describe standard and

specialized output devices.

Identify and describe how input and output devices are connected to the computer.

Consider computer performance factors.

Data FilesData Files

Students will not need data files to complete this lesson.

Teacher MaterialsTeacher Materials Learner text. PowerPoint presentation from the PowerPoint Presentations drop-down menu

on the Instructor Resources CD. Solutions to review questions and projects from the Solutions to Exercises

drop-down menu on the Instructor Resources CD. ExamView® test questions from the Test Bank & Test Engine drop-down

menu on the Instructor Resources CD.

PreparePrepare Set up a projection system and show the PowerPoint presentation for the lesson,

if desired. Give necessary instructions to students about lab guidelines. Prepare questions from ExamView.

Technical NotesTechnical Notes The show-and-tell method works well to provide learners with visual aids to

make the information easier to understand. Try to find an example of as many input and output devices as possible. Label each one to familiarize learners with these devices and leave them in the classroom for students to view.

If possible, provide a computer with ports labeled and allow students to practice connecting various devices.

Instructor Notes and Teacher TipsInstructor Notes and Teacher Tips Review Objectives and ask students about their experience with different input

and output devices, both standard and specialized. Encourage students to share their knowledge of and experience with these devices as you discuss this lesson.


Review the vocabulary list at the beginning of the lesson, and ask students to identify any terms they are already familiar with.

Explain why the keyboard and mouse are the most popular input devices. Highlight the various types of keys that simplify the keyboarding process. Describe the functions of the mouse and what can be accomplished by pointing, clicking, and dragging.

Explain that output devices are used to display information. Explain why the printer and the monitor are the most popular output devices. Provide examples of output devices as well as different kinds of output, such as a plotter drawing or a computer-generated photograph.

Touch on the topics of monitor screen size and screen resolution. Compare laser, inkjet, and dot matrix printers and the capabilities of each. Mention how specialized output devices are used to produce data for different

applications, and ask students to provide examples of other kinds of specialized output devices.

Explain the differences between serial, parallel, and USB ports and give examples of each.

Provide examples of different kinds of computer cables for students to examine, if possible. Point out the types of connections on the cable and how they fit into specific ports on the computer. Emphasize that most cables will only plug into ports in one position, making it simple to connect a peripheral correctly.

Explain how most hardware components available today are plug and play devices that are simple to install, with dialog boxes that guide the user through the installation.

Review the variety of factors that can affect a computer’s performance.

Mod1-28: IntroductionMod1-28: Introduction Input, which is data or instructions, must be entered into the computer and

then stored on a storage media device. To turn the data into information, the CPU processes the data. After data is processed, it is “presented” to the user through an output

device.

CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES1. Quick Quizzes:

1) ____ is the data or instructions entered into a computer.Answer: Input

2) The ____ processes data to turn it into information.Answer: CPU

3) After data is processed it is “presented” to the user through a(n) ____.Answer: output device

Mod1-28: Standard Input DevicesMod1-28: Standard Input Devices Input devices enable you to enter data and commands into the computer.

Keyboard


Most commonly used input device. Besides a traditional keyboard, popular types include: ergonomic, cordless or wireless, specialized, security, foldable or flexible, and laser virtual keyboard.

Pointing Devices An input device that allows you to position the pointer on the screen.

Mouse Most commonly used pointing device. Types include: mechanical,

optomechanical, optical, wireless.Trackball

A pointing device that works like a mouse turned upside down; the ball is on top, operated by your thumb and fingers.

Touchpad Common feature on laptops; a specialized surface that converts the motion

and position of your fingers to a position on the screen.Pointing Stick

A pressure-sensitive device located on the keyboard of many notebook computers and moved with the forefinger.

Audio Input The process of inputting sound into the computer, including speech, sound

effects, and music.

BOXES Extra for Experts: Need more space on your desk? Consider the Nearly

Indestructible Keyboard (NIK)—it is flexible, can be rolled up and put into a briefcase, and even washed with soap and water or a spray cleaner (www.dovecoteglobal.com/nik.html).

FIGURES Figure 2-1: Enhanced keyboard Figure 2-2: Keyboard with fingerprint reader Figure 2-3: Foldable keyboard Figure 2-4: Laser virtual keyboard Figure 2-5: (a) Optical mouse (b) Wireless mouse and receiver Figure 2-6: (a) Trackball on a mouse (b) Trackball on a keyboard Figure 2-7: Pointing stick

CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES1. Discussion Questions:

1) The keyboard is the most commonly used input device, but there are many variations. What kinds have you used? What features are important to you on a keyboard? If you could choose to use a type of keyboard other than the one you have now, what kind would it be? Why?

2) Do you use a mouse? If so, do you most often use one with one, two, or three buttons? If it has a scroll wheel, how useful is that feature? Have you used any other types of pointing devices? How do they compare to using a mouse?

2. Group Activity:1) Divide the class into small groups. Ask each group to research a specific type

of input device. Have each group make a short presentation to the class about how the input device works, the advantages and disadvantages, the cost, and any other relevant information.


Mod1-32: Standard Output DevicesMod1-32: Standard Output Devices Output is data that has been processed into a useful format. Output devices

display information.Monitors

Display device for a desktop computer. Varieties include CRT, LCD, and gas plasma.

Printers Used to produce a paper or hard copy of the processing result. Consider

speed, print quality, and price when choosing.Laser Printers

Produces high-quality output using the same technology as copier machines. Inkjet Printers

Uses a nonimpact process to provide good-quality color printing for less expense than a laser printer.

Speakers Generate sound such as music. Individuals can use headsets or earphones to

hear privately.

FIGURES Figure 2-8: (a) CRT (b) LCD panel (c) Gas plasma display Figure 2-9: How a laser printer works Figure 2-10: How an inkjet printer works

CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES1. Lab Activity:

1) Determine what type of monitor your computer uses as a display device. What is the screen size and screen resolution? How did you get that information? Compare your monitor with other students in the class. If they are different, how? Which one do you prefer? Why?

2. Assign a Project:1) Decide what type of printer best suits your printing needs and then

comparison shop for a printer. Consider speed, print quality, and cost. If possible, read reviews of various printers to help make an informed choice. Share your results with the class.

Mod1-36: Specialized Input DevicesMod1-36: Specialized Input DevicesDigital Cameras

Pictures are stored digitally and then transferred to the computer’s memory.Game Controllers

Joysticks and wheels are most often used for games.Scanners/Bar Code Readers

Can change images into codes for input into the computer. Various types include: image scanners, bar code scanners, magnetic scanners, wireless scanners, optical character recognition (OCR) and optical mark recognition (OMR).

Touch Display Screen


Special screen with pictures or shapes; you use your fingers to make selections.

Stylus Pen-like writing instruments to input information to a PDA or other mobile

device.Environmental Probes and Sensors

Used with a Web browser to monitor elements of the work area such as humidity, pollution, or security.

Remote Controls Used for televisions, lights, and fans as well as for industry and business

applications.Security Devices

Biometric devices consist of a reader or scanning device and software that converts the scanned information into a digital format.

The way biometric technology works:- Enrollment: User establishes baseline measurement- Submission: User presents proof of identity- Verification: System compares samples

Virtual Devices Use the synchronized positioning of light-emitting and sensing devices to

detect user input: for example, a virtual computer keyboard.Touch-Sensitive Pads

On a portable device, these enable you to scroll through a list and make choices.

Input Devices for the Physically Challenged Various special devices are available that can be operated in different ways,

such as a keyboard that can be operated with the feet.

BOXES Extra for Experts: You do not need a digital camera to have digital pictures.

Many photo labs can deliver photos via the Internet or on a disc in digital format.

FIGURES Figure 2-11: Miniaturized digital video camera Figure 2-12: (a) Joystick (b) Wheel Figure 2-13: (a) Optical scanner (b) Bluetooth scanner Figure 2-14: Touch screen on handheld device Figure 2-15: Stylus for mobile device Figure 2-16: (a) Biometric keyboard scanner (b) Fingerprint scanner Figure 2-17: (a) Virtual computer keyboard (b) Virtual piano keyboard

CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES1. Group Activity:

1) Divide the class into two groups and have students research the use of biometrics. Assign one group the task of arguing that the widespread adoption of biometric systems can erode users’ personal control over their private information. Assign the other group the task of arguing in favor of using biometrics. Have a class debate and then discuss what you have learned.


2. Discussion Questions: 1) Discuss the purposes and sophistication of input devices, relating the choice

of device to the particular task to be completed. If possible, provide examples of several types of devices for students to examine. Discuss why there are so many different types of input devices.

2) Introduce students to voice recognition devices, scanners, video input, and digital cameras. Ask students to think of other types of sensors and remote recording devices that are used or could be used to input data in a computer.

Mod1-41: Specialized Output DevicesMod1-41: Specialized Output Devices Projectors: Mostly used for presentations. Fax machines and fax modems: Transmit and receive documents through

phone lines or computer. Multifunction printer: Combines various output options such as printing,

scanning, and copying. Control devices/robots: Robotics is the study, design, and use of robot

systems for manufacturing.Specialized Printers

Line printer: High-speed printer attached primarily to large computers. Thermal: Forms characters by heating paper. Mobile: Small, battery-powered printer. Label and postage: Prints labels, including postage, on adhesive-type paper. Plotters/large-format: For drawing and drafting output; used by engineers,

architects, and artists.Output Devices for the Physically Challenged

Various special devices are available:- Screen magnifiers: Enlarge information on the computer screen.- Screen readers: Use speech synthesizers to read content for people who

are blind or visually impaired.- Voice synthesizers: A “voice” converts written computer text into

synthetic speech.


1) The field of ____ is defined as the study, design, and use of robot systems for manufacturing.Answer: robotics

2) What is a mobile printer?Answer: A small, battery-powered printer, primarily used to print from a notebook computer.

3) What is the purpose of a screen reader?Answer: To assist people who are blind or otherwise visually impaired.

2. Assign a Project:1) Research one of the specialized output devices available, such as robots,

plotters, or voice synthesizers. Create a short presentation of your findings to share with the class.


Mod1-42: Connecting Input and Output Devices to the ComputerMod1-42: Connecting Input and Output Devices to the ComputerPorts and Connectors

A port, or jack, is an interface to which a peripheral device attaches to or communicates with the system unit.

Besides traditional, FireWire, and USB ports, special-purpose ports include SCSI, IrDA, and Bluetooth.

Hardware Installation For most hardware devices to work, they need a set of instructions that

communicates with the computer’s operating system, called a driver. If the operating system already contains the driver, it performs an automatic

plug-and-play installation for newly connected devices.

BOXES Extra for Experts: USB 3.0 has recently been released, and has ten times the

current bandwidth of USB 2.0. Transfer rates are approximately 4.8 Gbits/sec (Gigabits per second) and should be available in commercial products in 2009.

FIGURES Figure 2-18: Traditional, USB, and FireWire ports Figure 2-19: Bluetooth device Figure 2-20: Expansion slots and card

CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES1. Quick Quiz:

1) How do wireless devices connect to the computer?Answer: Through infrared or radio waves.

2. Discussion Question: 1) Discuss how input and output devices are physically connected to the

computer. Use the show-and-tell method to illustrate how devices are connected in a computer system.

3. Lab Activity: 1) Determine what kinds of ports are available on your computer. If possible,

connect a peripheral device to your computer that has not been attached before. What kind of port did you use? Did your computer system automatically recognize it?

Mod1-45: Computer Performance FactorsMod1-45: Computer Performance Factors A variety of factors affect a computer’s performance:

– Microprocessor: The higher the generation, the faster and better the processing speed.

– Random access memory (RAM): Helps increase the processing cycle and enhance performance.

– Hard disk: Bigger and faster process data faster.– Video: Can enhance or slow down performance.

In Step-by-Step 2.1, students view the system properties of their computer.

BOXES


Ethics in Technology: Computer Viruses: The word virus can put fear into anyone who uses the Internet or exchanges disks. How can such a small word cause such fear? It is because a virus can cause tremendous damage to your computer files! A virus is a computer program that is written intentionally to attach itself to other programs or disk boot sectors and duplicates itself whenever those programs are executed or the infected disks are accessed. A virus can wipe out all of the files on your computer. Viruses can sit on your computer for weeks or months and not cause any damage until a predetermined date or time code is activated. Not all viruses cause damage. Some are just pranks; maybe your monitor will display some silly message. Viruses are created by persons who are impressed with the power they possess because of their expertise in the area of computers; sometimes they create them just for fun. To protect your computer from virus damage, install an antivirus software program on your computer and keep it running at all times so that it can continuously scan for viruses.

FIGURES Figure 2-21: Computer window Figure 2-22: System window Figure 2-23: System Properties dialog box


1) What is parallel processing?Answer: While one instruction is being executed, the next instruction is fetched from memory and decoded.

2) True or False? The amount of RAM helps to increase the processing cycle and to enhance the computer’s performance.Answer: True.

3) The abbreviations MB and GB are units for measuring ____.Answer: bytes

2. Discussion Question: 1) Are you satisfied with the speed of your computer? If you could upgrade one

component, which one would it be? Why?


Key TermsKey Terms Audio input: Process of inputting sound into the computer. (Mod1-32) Biometrics: Authentication technique using automated methods of

recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic. (Mod1-39)

Digital camera: Takes pictures that are stored digitally and then transferred to the computer’s memory. (Mod1-36)

Expansion slot: Opening on the motherboard where an expansion board, also called an adapter card, can be inserted. (Mod1-44)

FireWire: External bus standard that supports data transfer rates of up to 400 Mbps and can connect up to 63 external devices. (Mod1-43)

Inkjet printer: Provides good-quality color printing for less expense than a laser printer. (Mod1-34)

Input: Data or instructions entered into a computer. (Mod1-28) Keyboard: Most commonly used input device for entering numeric and

alphabetic data into a computer. (Mod1-28) Laser printer: Produces images using the same technology as copier

machines. (Mod1-33) Modem: A device that allows one computer to talk to another. (Mod1-43) Monitor: Desktop computer display device. (Mod1-32) Mouse: Most commonly used pointing device for personal computers. (Mod1-

30) Output: Data that has been processed into a useful format. (Mod1-32) Plug-and-play: The ability of a computer system to configure expansion

boards and other devices automatically. (Mod1-43) Pointing device: Input device that allows you to position the pointer on the

screen. (Mod1-30) Port: An interface to which a peripheral device attaches to or communicates

with the system unit. (Mod1-43) Printer: Used to produce a paper or hard copy of the processing results.

(Mod1-33) Scanner: Device that can change images into codes for input into the

computer. (Mod1-37) Trackball: Pointing device that works like a mouse turned upside down with

the ball on top. (Mod1-31) Universal Serial Bus (USB): Port that can connect up to 127 different

peripherals with a single connector and supports data transfer rates of up to 200 million bits per second (Mbps). (Mod1-43)


Projects to AssignProjects to Assign In Project 2-1, students will create a Gmail account. In Project 2-2, students will research biometric technology and list the pros and

cons. In Project 2-3, students will prepare a written report on input devices. In the Teamwork Project, students will role-play parts of the computer to

accomplish a task. In the Critical Thinking Activity, students will prepare a report listing the devices

they would select to produce the best all-around processing system. In the Online Discovery project, students will search blogs for information about

increasing computer speed and write a one-page report on their findings.

AssessAssess Administer the ExamView test for Lesson 2.

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