computer hardware a to z -by tanbircox

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(Peripherals)

, ( ), ,



, Micronics, Mylex, AMI, DTK, Orchid Technology, Elitegroup , , , , , -

?

, , , ,

-



-

-

ZIF LGA. LGA Land Grid Array LGA Zero Insertion Force ZIF LGA LGA 771. LGA 775. LGA 1156

ZIF -



LGA -

-

-



- - -

*** :

: - , , , -

: - , , , , , ,



910, 915, 945, 965, 975, P31, P35, G31, G33, G35, X38, X48, P43, P45, G31, G33, G41, G43, G45, H55, H57, H61, H67, X79 , ,

- DIMM Dual In-line Memory Module. -

- , ,



-

- , , , , , - -



Serial Advanced Technology Attachment , . . . / . / - (External SATA) / -



-

-

eSATA -

Parallel ATA ,

/ , Integrated Drive Electronics. SATA -



() -

Universal Serial Bus ,

, , , . /, . /, . / -

-

, , ,



-

-

Personal System/2

,

Basic Input Output System BIOS. POST POST Power On Self Test. ,



- -

AT, ATX microATX.

AT -

ATX .

microATX . %

mini-ITX, mobile-ITX, pico-ITX, DTX, mini-DTX

AT -



micro-ATX -

mini-ITX -

pico-ITX -



Advanced Host Controller Interface AHCI - AHCI .. AHCI No disk found



, , , , , , , , , , , ,

CPU-Z Motherboard

-

CPU-Z



? , - ? Central Processing Unit. - , -

, !

Integrated Circuit. , , - , , Large-Scale Integration. Very Large-Scale Integration. (Die). ,



, ? , , ,



- ,

/ (Arithmetic/Logical Unit) (Control Unit) ( ) -

(Bus)



(Address Bus) , (Data Bus) ( ) (Control Bus)

-

/ , L1, L2, L3 Shared Level Cache ,

- FDI ( )



Direct Media Interface. - , ,

, , -- (--: )



( ) GT/s Giga Transfer pre second. GT/s.

+ + ( ) RISC CISC RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computing CISC Complex Instruction Set Computing. RISC CISC



- -

, 232= 4,294,967,296 4 3 264=18446744073709551616 16

P=CV2f P = C = f =



4004

8080.

8086

80386 IA-32 Intel Architecture 32-bit x86



80386 i386, i486, i686 i686 - AMD amd64. AMD64 x86_x64 x86_x64

, ,

, , , -

80xxx , , , , , IA-64



,



, Lynnfield Gulftown

.

45nm 32nm

G41 H57

, . .

CPU-Z ,

CPU-Z ,



,

/ , , , /

SSD

? ? ? ?



, ,

? (Platter) , (Spindle) ? (Actuator Arm)

(Actuator Shaft) (Disk Head) (Parking Zone) (Logic Board) , ,



:

: RPM 7200 rpm



:

,

:



: , ,

(Track) (Sector) (Cluster) (Block)

(Head)



, , CHS

= [ x x ( ) ] x x

- - ,

True False ,

North-to-South South-to-North



(Flux) N-S , S-N

N-S N-S S-N N-S N-S N-S N-S ,

(Flux) ,

-

FH. MIG. TF TF -



Anisotropic MagnetoResistive AMR/MR CMR Colossal MagnetoResistive MagnetoResistive

(Flying Height)



- , ,

FAT16 NTFS =

NTFS, FAT, FAT16, FAT32, exFAT, ext3, ext4, vFAT, HPFS NTFS FAT FAT, FAT32, NTFS, exFAT ext3, ext4, HPFS, vFAT



- -

- : - :

? (MFT) , - - -

( )

, ()

NTFS

x = ,

, Size Size on disk Size on disk



,,, ,,

,,,

,, ? ,,,

,

:

. . ,



. - . , . .-.

. . , . .



, . , . ,

,

SASI, SCSi, ST, ESDI PATA SATA ATA ATA PATA , SATA /

., . . . , . . eSATA



eSATA

, , ,

Redundant Array of Independent Disks -



- ,

RAMAC , ,



, ,

IBM 1301, IBM 2310, IBM 2314. 3340

Seagate

. ST-506



. R0352 Rodime Conner Peripherals CP340 681 Integral Peripherals . . ( )



:

FDE

,

, , -



SSD , ,

-

? ? ?

. .

. -

? ? ? ?

MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) MTBF ,, ? ,, ?!?!?! ,

AHCI (NCQ)

NCQ



AHCI

. -

%

, -

,

Index



? ! ?

,

? ? , , Techtunes T , s

, , / ,

, Jay Forrester



-



- Robert Dennard, An Wang Kenneth Olsen

-

( )



?



-



Techtunes T T , , T

-

-



DIMM DIMM

- -



( )

SIPP: Singel In-line Pin Package.



SIMM: Single In-line Memory Module. ,

-

DIMM: Dual In-line Memory Module

SIMM DIMM DIMM

SO-DIMM RIMM: Rambus Rambus In-line Memory Module DIMM , -



DIMM DIMM

ADR Asynchronous Dynamic RAM.

SD SDR Synchronous Dynamic RAM.

SD SD RAM

DDR Double Data Rate. DDR , DDR . / . DDR2 DDR DDR , , DDR2-400, DDR2-533, DDR2-667 DDR2-800 DDR2-800 ( , ) / .



DDR3 . . DDR4 DDR ,

Mobile DDR, Graphics DDR

Micron Technology, Kingston Technology, Winbond Electronics Corporation, Transcend Information, Inc, Hynix Semiconductor Inc , , - Corsair Apacer ,



?

H57 DDR3

DDR2

,

-

-

, ( ) () ,



,

, , , ,

GPU Graphics Processing Unit. GPU (Picture Pix Element el Pixel) , ,

, ,

DDR DDR Double Data Rate. DDR, DDR2, GDDR3, GDDR3, GDDR5.



Video Graphics Array RGB

High-Definition Multimedia Interface HDMI

Digital Visual Interface



Separated Video - ,

-



Peripheral Component Interconnect. AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) - PCI-e PCI-Express. PCIe , , , PCIe , - -

- x



- - -

? , , ? , , , , , , , ,

, , - amd64

:



: , , ,

- ,

, ,

DDR, DDR2, GDDR3, GDDR4, GDDR5 , GDDR5 DDR2 DDR3

,

PCIe x8, PCIe x16 2.0

,

- ,



,

- - -

,

,



? -



, -, -

- -



(

)

, , , ?

GPU-Z

, , GPU Meter

GPU Meter

, ,

NVidia Corporation

NVidia Corporation ATi Technologies Ltd. ( AMD Radeon )



NVidia Corporation ( ) NVidia GeForce NVidia Corporation GPU ( Graphics Processing Unit ) GPU ( Graphics Processing Unit ) (GPU ) NVidia Corporation NVidia + NVIDIA GPUDirect +

NVidia Corporation



+ CUDA +

NVidia GPU CUDA CUDA GPU NVidia Architecture GPU + NVIDIA Optimus +

NVIDIA Optimus, CUDA NVIDIA Optimus

/

+ PUREVIDEO +

- - - PUREVIDEO NVidia , , ,



3D PUREVIDEO - + SLI +

NVIDIA NVIDIA GPU

NVIDIA NVIDIA SLI - -

+ HyBrid SLI +

- NVIDIA HyBrid SLI ( )

, HyBrid SLI

( ) - /



+ PhysX +

PhysX 3D -, -, , , AVATAR

ATi ( Aero Technologies incorporate ) , , NVIDIA - ATi AMD Radeon

, ATi ATi , NVIDIA NVIDIA

ATi NVIDIA , , - ATi - ATi NVIDIA % , ATi



:: :: 2nd Generation 3rd Generation -

HD Gameing Blu-Ray

:: ATi :: NVIDIA , ATi NVIDIA

HD Gameing, Smooth Video, 3D NVIDIA ATi, ,



:: ATi :: -



:: EyeSpeed :: APP ( Accelerated Parallel Processing ) HD Gameing, Blu-Ray , 3D , Blu-Ray , 3D , Game

:: HD3D :: 3D , , , , Stereoscopic 3D 3D



:: ATi AVIVO :: Blu-Ray , , HDMI ( High Defination Multimedia Interface ), , OpenGL, GDDR-5, EyeSpeed, HD3D, , .

:: ATi CrossFire X :: ATi NVIDIA SLI , ATi CrossFire CrossFireX SLI CrossFire X - CrossFire X CrossFire X SLI , % CrossFire X ATi SLI CrossFire X SLI



NVIDIA , , ATi , NVIDIA ATi NVIDIA - ATi - ATi AMD Rradeon 7000



, , ?????????????? %

, - - - ? - - , Core 2 Duo , , , , - , { % }



, ?

% % , % , % UCC Thermaltake Brand XFX

, -



ATX Power Supply:: Tk- 500-1200

GIGABYTE 300W Power Supply :: Tk-2000

GIGABYTE GE R460 V-1 :: Tk-3000



Thermaltake 430W LitePower :: Tk-3000

Thermaltake 500W TR-2 :: Tk-4700



XFX PRO 550W :: Tk-10000

, - , % Core 2 Duo/Core i3 , , / , , - ( ATi Radeon HD 5450,5550,5670,6350,6550,6460 Or NVIDIA GeForce 9400,9500, GTX 200, 210, 220, 240 ) , - - -



Core i5, AMD Athlon 2 X2/X4, PHENOM 2 X2 , / , / , ( ATi Radeon HD 5570, 5770, 6570, 6650, 6670, NVIDIA GTX 430, 450, 460, ) Thermaltake 430W LitePowre (2800tk), Gigabyte 460W (2700tk) %

,



(PSU) ( , , ) AC , . - DC,

(watt) , ;

= x (W= V x A)

;

, ( , , , )

, ( )

,

, , peak rating of 550 watts at 25C, with 25 amps (300 W) on the 12 volt line

, continuous rating of 450 watts at 40C, with 33 amps (400 W) on the 12 volt line

? , ? , ( )



SCSI ( ) (, )



, ; ; ;



,

, ,

, , , , ? ( )

, , / , + , + ,

, , + , + ,



/

, . ,

, ,

,

, ? , () , ? , ? ?

,

, (Key Board Power ON KBPO), Wake- On- LAN, Wake-On- Ring ,



.% ,

1. CRT { Cathode Ray Tube } 2. LCD { Liquid Crystal Display }

CRT LCD LCD CRT LCD LED [ Light Emitting



Diode ] LED LED LED LCD LCD

.: :. - - - -

.: :. Resulation , , Resulation Resulation * *, *, * * Resulation HD Resulation



* LCD Wide : HD

.: :. LCD , LCD -.

.: :. , /Ghosting Effect / LCD - -



.: :. , .-. , .

.: :. ,

* * : : :-: :-:

.: :. , LCD



.: :.

* VGA [ Video Graphics Acceleration ] * DVI [ Digital Visual Interface ] * HDMI [ High Definition Multimedia Interface ]

+ + LCD VGA { Video Graphics Acceleration }. VGA , VGA HD 3gp( ),

???????????????????

+ + VGA DVI , DVI - DVI



+ + - HDMI HDMI HDMI , HDMI v1.4

HDCP { High Band-Width Digital Content Protection }

.: :. LCD * TN { Twisted Nematic } * VA { Vertical Alignment } * IPS { In Plane Switching }

+ + , ,



LCD

+ + TN IPS { In Plane Switching } TN IPS { In Plane Switching } ( )

+ + , , , , , , , Warranty , LED , LED



, ,

1. Output power 2. Speaker unit 3. Frequency response 4. S/N ratio

Watt RMS(Root Means Square) PMPO(Peak Music Power Output). RMS PMPO Peak RMS PMPO RMS PMPO , RMS RMS -

(Driver)

2:1 - Satellite 3 4ohms 10 watts RMS Subwoofer 5.25 4ohms 18 watts RMS



satellite ( , ) RMS subwoofer . tweeter. ( ) ." satellite " subwoofer RMS watt - - .''= "= "= "= "= ."= .''=- "=- "=- "=-

,



-- -

-- -



-- -

: -



S/N Signal to Noise ratio

6 / / - >85db - 20db s/n ratio 50db s/n ratio s/n ratio , ...

, THX , - , , , , . . . , . , extreme . , - . ( ) MP3

( . )

. (Bass) THX



Bass test 1 Bass test 2 Bass test 3 . ,

. !

. , . ,

.

, , .

. , ,

. ( Hiss noise)

. .

- - ( )



- ( )



- ( , )

, . , BCS computer city, , Bass Powered subwoofer Freedom



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Index Motherboard Processor Hard DiskRam Graphics CardPower Supply Unit Monitor Speaker

computer hardware a to z -by tanbircox

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