By,Submitted

To,Submitted

Date Of Submission 11th December, 12014

Fundamentals to Computer

Biplab RoyLecturer

Faculty of Business AdministrationCox’s Bazar International University

Alpha GroupMD. Rifat Zahir (ID : 2014201004)

Wasif Kabir (ID : 2014201018)Mustari Shabnam Rahi (ID : 2014201033)

Habibur Rahman (ID : 2014201014)Kayem Hossain (ID : 2014205006)

BBA 2ND BatchFaculty of Business Administration

Cox’s Bazar International University

Letter of Transmittal11th December, 2014

Biplap RoyCourse TeacherFaculty of Business AdministrationCox’s Bazar International University

Subject: To submit a report on “Fundamentals to Computer”.

Dear Sir,This is to inform you that I have completed my report on “Fundamentals to Computer”. Here I tried my best to give an overview of the impact of globalization on every economy from different aspects, advantages and disadvantages of globalization, the blow of emerging MNCs and international business on globalization and finally some findings.

In preparing this report I have followed the instructions of yours. I will be glad to clarify any discrepancy that may arise.

Thank you for your cooperation.Sincerely,

Alpha GroupMD. Rifat Zahir (ID : 2014201004)Wasif Kabir (ID : 2014201018)Mustari Shabnam Rahi (ID : 2014201033)Habibur Rahman (ID : 2014201014)Kayem Hossain (ID : 2014205006)BBA 2ND BatchFaculty of Business Administration

Cox’s Bazar International University

Acknowledgement

At the beginning I would like to convey my sincere appreciation to the almighty Allah for giving

me the strength & the ability to finish the task within the planned time. There is an English

proverb “Two heads are better than one”. That is, no one can obtain a noble objective alone.

This thesis report is an accumulation of many people’s endeavor. So I like to expressly sincere

gratitude to everyone who contributed towards preparing & making this successfully.

First of all, I would like to express my Sincere & Immense gratitude to my course teacher

Biplab Roy, Lecturer of Faculty of Business Administration, Cox’s Bazar International

University. I am deeply indebted to him whole hearted supervision to me during the thesis

period. His valuable suggestion & guideline helped me a lot to prepare the report in a well

organized manner.

Alpha GroupMD. Rifat Zahir (ID : 2014201004)Wasif Kabir (ID : 2014201018)Mustari Shabnam Rahi (ID : 2014201033)Habibur Rahman (ID : 2014201014)Kayem Hossain (ID : 2014205006)BBA 2ND BatchFaculty of Business Administration

Cox’s Bazar International University

Executive SummaryThese days every single person is known with the word-computer. We can find computers at everywhere around us. In fact modern world will be incomplete without computers and their applications. It’s almost impossible to even imagine the modern facilities without the use of computers. For many individuals computer means PC, on which they can see movies, play games, prepare office sheets and manage daily planners. But this is just a page of the book of computers. Computer means much more than a PC. A computer can simply be defined as a machine which takes instructions and perform computations and operations accordingly. These commanded instructions are known as programs and computers execute these programs to do an operation. At a time, a set of instructions can be given to a computer to perform several operations, simultaneously. This feature is a point of distinction for the computers.

Today, computers are used all over the world. We can find computers in houses, schools, offices, factories, companies and many other places. They are very useful to us as they can be used for many purposes. They have come to play an important role in our daily lives. So, we can say that the 21st Century is the age of computers and every student should have the knowledge of computer. A computer is an electronic machine and acts like the human brain. There are many advantages of using a computer. It can store, organize and find information. It can do calculations speedily. We can use computers to play games and watch films with CDs. Through computers, we can produce graphic designs, high quality printing services, logo creations, film editing and many others. We can link the computer with the Internet and do browsing or chatting. We can also send and receive e-mail from different parts of the world within a short period. The Information technology is the latest computer science. It is used as a global communication. We can look up more information on the websites. Nowadays, we, students, have the opportunity to learn our lessons through e-Education. The multi-media classrooms are well-equipped with computers and software. We can study lessons easily with the aid of computers. Pictures, drawings and tables can be drawn in the computers and we can use them at any time. Moreover, we can study many other subjects

with the help of computers. Computer has become a very precious source and it is essential to know the importance of computer knowledge in education. So, we must learn to use the computer well. Today, there are many courses on computers and most of the young people are studying the Information Technology to observe the latest development in computer science. To keep abreast of the time, every student should gain the knowledge of computer and try hard to be proficient.

This assignment report is broadly categorized in different parts. The main objectives of the report are identifying the world’s top class Computer hardware, about that hardware, reasons behind their quality and impacts of computer in our society. At first there is prefatory where I describe the background, objective, limitation and methodology of preparing the report. Next part focuses on the literatures view related with my topics. Following part describes the different aspects of my topics. The next part describes the major findings of the research process. The last part ends with suggestion, recommendations and conclusion to resolve the indentified problems related with computer hardware and impacts of computer.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NAME Page no

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I

CHAPTER - 01

INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction1.2 Rational of the study1.3 Objectives of the report1.4 Scope the study1.5 Methodology of the study1.6 Limitations of the study

CHAPTER - 02

………………………

CHAPTER - ..Findings of the StudyConclusion

Appendix

Bibliography

Contents of Tables, Graphs and Flowcharts

TABLE NO NAME Page No2.1 73.1 11

GRAPH NO NAME Page No

2.1 83.1 133.2 14

FLOWCHART NO

NAME

4.1 244.2 25

Laptop Configuration in Details

Price Range: 35,000 Taka – 50,000 Taka

World Top Class Monitor List

World Top Class Mouse

World Top Class Keyboard

World Top Class Laptop Brands

1Logitech

2Razer

3MicrosoftCorp.

4Roccat

5HP

6Sony

1Creative

2DSI

3Fujitsu

4Razer

5Logitech

6Labtech

1Asus

2Apple

3Sony

4HP

5Dell

6Samsung

World Top Class DVD Brands & Price ListBrand Image Price (Tk.)

Verbatim 200/=

Imation 62/=

Mitsubishi 48/=Melody 60/=

Imation Slim 28/=Sony 25/=

What is Intellectual Property?

Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs;

and symbols, names and images used in commerce.

IP is protected in law by, for example, patents, copyright and trademarks, which enable people to earn

recognition or financial benefit from what they invent or create. By striking the right balance between the

interests of innovators and the wider public interest, the IP system aims to foster an environment in which

creativity and innovation can flourish.

Intellectual property (IP) rights are legally recognized exclusive rights to creations of the mind.[1] Under

intellectual property laws, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as

musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs.

Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, trade dress, and in some jurisdictions trade secrets..

Types of intellectual propertyCopyrightCopyright is a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have over their literary and artistic works. Works covered by copyright range from books, music, paintings, sculpture and films, to computer programs, databases, advertisements, maps and technical drawings. PatentsA patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention. Generally speaking, a patent provides the patent owner with the right to decide how - or whether - the invention can be used by others. In exchange for this right, the patent owner makes technical information about the invention publicly available in the published patent document. TrademarksA trademark is a sign capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one enterprise from those of other enterprises. Trademarks date back to ancient times when craftsmen used to put their signature or "mark" on their products.

Industrial designsAn industrial design constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article. A design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color. Geographical indicationsGeographical indications and appellations of origin are signs used on goods that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities, a reputation or characteristics that are essentially attributable to that place of origin. Most commonly, a geographical indication includes the name of the place of origin of the goods.

What’s the difference between LCD and LED?

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diode) Displays are two major display technologies being widely used today. LED Displays are technological advancement of LCD displays. LED displays are the LCD displays with an LED backlight to power up the LCD panel. It means that LEDs are placed behind or around the LCD panel to enhance the luminosity and video definition of the monitor screen. Cold cathode lights are used as backlight in LCD displays. In LED displays all the concepts are same except this backlight feature, which is replaced by LEDs.

LCD : LCD displays are not self-illuminating. They need a backlight in order to produce a visible picture. Regular LCDs are backlit by CCFLs (Cold Cathode Florescent Lamps). These lights resemble the florescent light tubes used for lighting, and are arranged in horizontal rows behind the LCD screen.

LED : An LED TV still uses an LCD display, but instead of CCFLs, it is illuminated using an array of LED lights. Other than that, an LED display is nearly identical to an LCD one, though LED is the newer, more contemporary feature.

Although the major difference between LCD and LED displays is just the backlight but it also confers a number of improvements in the LED displays which are covered in the subsequent section:

Contrast:  Contrast and Black level of the LED screen is better than the LCD screens because the liquid crystals cannot stop 100% of the backlight from cold cathode backlight and hence when the black screen is to be shown on the monitor, it is not completely black (as shown in the below image). But LED screens perfectly show the black screen as there is no backlight at all. 

Color accuracy:  Color accuracy for direct and edge LED displays and LCD displays are almost same but the RGB LEDs display has quite better color accuracy. There are three different types of LED monitors available based on the manner how the diodes are arranges in the monitor. These are – Direct LEDs, Edge LEDs and RGB LEDs. Both Edge and Direct LED display monitors use white diodes that are used to illuminate the LCD panel to produce the improved picture quality. The arrangement of LEDs in the monitor is shown in the below image:

Viewing Angle:  If the viewing angle of the display is much wider than thirty degrees from the center then the contrast ratio of the image is diminished in LCD. This affects the eyes while this disadvantage is overcome in LED. LEDs have a wider viewing angle, which means the image is still clear when viewed from the side.

Longevity of the Screen: So how long will your screen last once you have purchased it? The manufacturers of the LCD panels say that the life of an LCD screen should be 100,000 working hours. However many reports suggest that some form of degradation sets in way earlier than that. This is due to the backlight failing or at the very least not being at the same quality as when new. While firm data on LED monitors is not quite with us, there is strong evidence that LED monitors will outlast that of the LCD's. Some manufacturers are claiming up to 5 times the life of an LCD screen, but we are very confident that in terms of life the LED display will win this showdown.

Power Consumption:  More power is consumed by the local dimming LED display than LCD. Hence it will be wise and economic to either compromise with energy bill or good quality picture. However, if LED is edge light then it will consume less power as compared to LCD with the same dimensions. Both LCD and LED displays do not have screen burn-in issue so they are considered suitable for long time screen use.

Use of Mercury:  LED displays do not use mercury (used in cathode lamps in LCD backlight) so they are environment friendly.

Size and Weight of the Display: This is an easy win for the LED monitor over the LCD, because an LED monitor can be much thinner due to the lack of back light and the fact that LED's weigh next to nothing means this section is a no-brainer. If we are talking about screen size and not overall size including the casing then there is very little difference as both can get to around 70 inches diagonal. The big win here is the thin nature of the LED screen. The Edge LED models are thinner than the LCD counterparts, the Direct LED models are however slightly thicker due to the lighting still being behind the screen, whether they are thinner or not than an LCD screen will depend on the model.On the left is an LED monitor with Edge LED lighting, on the right a typical LCD monitor both from side view. While the LCD screen is not a bulky screen, its obvious to see how much thinner an LED can be made.

Price:  Price becomes a major factor when comparing LCD and LED TVs. LED displays yield a higher price tag, which reflects their efficiency and the better picture quality. LED displays also allow for thinner, lighter televisions. This advantage further beats the retail price up of a television with an LCD display.

ConclusionWhile the difference between the two monitor types is only the way the backlighting is produce, this can have some big effects on the screen and the picture it produces. The LED panels are much better at giving a more accurate picture and also give you a thinner and lighter screen (and while it may be a matter of opinion I also think better looking screen). LCD screen are still cheaper at the moment but it wont be long before LED's can compete in the price market. One last thing is for those that care about the environment, the LED screen don't contain any mercury unlike the LCD panels and for some that alone is a good enough reason to plump for the LED Monitor.

Different Internet Modem & Price

Operator’s Name Modem Type Prepaid Postpaid

Teletalk USB Dongle 1600/=, 2100/= 1600/=, 2100/=

Grameenphone USB Dongle 1449/= 1449/=

Robi USB Dongle 2308/= 2308/=

Banglalink USB Dongle 1587/= 1587/=

Airtel USB Dongle 2199/= 2199/=

Citycell Zoom USB Dongle 1690/= 1690/=

Banglalion USB Dongle 2,400/= 1,900/=USB Indoor Modem 6,500/=

Qubee USB Indoor Modem 2,500/= 2,000/=Factors affecting computer performance

There are so many things that can affect a PC's performance. However here are the main and most common

reasons.

You may be wondering why you computer is slow at times and there are other times when it is fast in processing. This could be caused by a number of factors. They include: the speed of the CPU, the space on the hard disk, the size of the RAM, the type of the graphics card, the speed of the hard disk, if the computer is multitasking, the defragmenting files, having a virus, low cache memory, low space in local drive, error in

1Low amounts of RAM

2A slow Processor

3A hard drive with low RPM transfer rates

4Malware

5Junk files

6Registry clutters

7Low space in Local Drive

8Low CACHE Memory

9Fragmanted files

10

Type of graphic card

11

Multiple application running in computer

12

Risky physical environment

13

Heat & compression

registry keys, junk files in local drives.

A slow processor : The speed of the CPU is also known as the clock speed of the CPU. The clock speed of the CPU is the frequency of which the processor executes instructions or the frequency by which data is processed by the CPU. It is measured in millions of cycles per second or megahertz (MHz). If the Clock speed of the CPU is fast then definitely the performance of the computer will be affected positively, in other words the computer will carry out processing functions at a faster pace. Low amounts of RAM (Random Access Memory): The RAM is referred to as the active part of the computer. This is because the RAM has the capability of storing data that the computer is currently using, because of the fact that it is fast to retrieve data stored in the RAM. With the definition above, a large RAM size will mean a faster computer performance and a smaller RAM size will result to slower computer performance.

A hard drive with low RPM transfer rates : The hard disk speed is defined as the rate at which material and content can be read and written on it. The hard disk speed of different hard disks is not consistent because they vary by manufacturer, drive type and the use of the hard disk. It therefore means that the higher the speed of the hard disk the faster the performance of the computer and vice versa.

Low space in Local Drive: The bigger the space on the hard disk will result to faster performance of the computer. The smaller the space on the hard disk will result in a slower performance of the computer. The hard disk is filled with data this will use most of the memory leaving less memory for the operations of the processor.

Multiple applications running on the computer: Multi-tasking tends to slow down the performance of the computer because memory is used to support more than one applications compared to when one application has all the memory to itself. This means that the more applications that are running the slower the computer will perform. Likewise if less or one application is running the performance of the computer will be much more faster than it was.

Type of graphic card : When it comes to quality of pictures and animations graphic cards are the main factors. So if a machine processes many graphics and it has a weak graphic card it will perform slower. This means that the more powerful the graphic card is the faster the performance of the computer.

Fragmented files: Files that are broken or it takes long to read them will mean that the computer will have to defragment them first. This will slow down the performance of the computer.

Registry Clutter: The system registry is a directory that lists the configuration options, driver locations and other settings critical to the function of the operating system. Every time you install a piece of software of a new hardware device, it places its startup information in the registry, such as the location of the associated .EXE file. Uninstalling sometimes leaves bits of information in the registry that the computer has to sort through when looking for other data, which can take time. You can delete registry keys manually, but this is something you should do only if you're familiar with the registry. Downloading freeware registry-cleaning software is a safer option.

Malware: Malware can slow your computer by using your system resources to carry out its program in the background, where you likely won't notice its presence. Malware can also hijack your Internet or network connections to send data or directions to a remote host. Keeping an up-to-date malware scanner block new malware and remove some present infestations. In the worst-case scenarios, you may have to format the drive and reinstall your operating system to get rid of malware

These are your main factors that affect performance the most. While many share the same signs they all are fixed in their own way. Don't always base a Leggy or slow computer to a computer virus. It CAN be one but chances are you have a fragmented hard drive and registry with a bunch of junk files slowing you down.

The Impact of Computers on Society

Since the advent of the microprocessor by Intel in 1971, electronic computers have made their way into more areas of our everyday life. It is now unlikely that most people in the developed world will get through a day without some use of a computer. So what are the impacts of this technological revolution which benefits and detriments our society?Let's visualize for a minute. Let's visualize a world without computers. People in the medical field wouldn't have have found a lot of cures to diseases, since most cures were found with the help of computers. Movies like Jurassic Park, Toy Story, A Bug's Life or Godzilla would never have been made without computers because they used computer graphics and animation in them. Pharmacies would have a hard time keeping track with what medications to give to patience. Counting votes would be impossible without computers and most importantly, space exploration wouldn't be possible without the help of computers. It's a pretty tough life without computers. Some may not agree and say, "Well, we don't need computers to live on." They maybe right but mostly, they are wrong. Computers help in curing diseases, make entertainment a lot better, keep track of important records, etc. . . Without computers, all this wouldn't be possible. From Baboon to BabbageSince the dawn of civilization (and even before!) we have used machines to help us process and organize data. The Lebombo Bone, found in a cave in Swaziland, dates back to 35 000 BC and is a baboon's fibula with 29 distinct notches thought to be early man's record of kills. During the industrial revolution mathematicians started using mechanical devices to calculate difficult or repetitive equations. Perhaps the most noteworthy of these were the Jacquard's Loom in the 1830's which was a machine that could be 'programmed' to weave different designs (though not technically a computer in today's sense of the word), and Charles Babbage's (1791 - 1871) difference and analytical engines, though these were only completed over a century later in an effort to see if the designs would actually work. They did and can now be seen in the Science Museum in Kensington. With the advent of electricity and the ever decreasing cost of components these machines became much more

powerful. First we had electromechanical machines, then valve powered machines, then machines using transistors. Now we use silicon microprocessors. In the future we may even have machines based on DNA, the coding material all organic life uses to store the information of how to grow.Knowledge is PowerComputers have made the dissemination of knowledge easier. Computers connected to networks have made access to knowledge via applications such as web browsers and search engines as easy as clicking a mouse button. Never before in history has so much knowledge been available to people. The Internet has enabled knowledge in the form of databases, webpage's and blogs to be connected online and then accessed by anyone who has a connection to the Internet.Quoting Sir Francis Bacon "Knowledge is Power". That knowledge and power used to be only available to the educated and the rich, but with the increasing scope of the internet the sum of all human knowledge is gradually being posted online and the barriers to accessing that knowledge are gradually coming down. All that is needed to access the data is a connection to the Internet and the ability to use a search engine and/or browser. Open distance learning is a very good example of knowledge being made available online for access by the course students. Students can access this data anywhere they are as long as they can plug into an Internet connection. The power inherent in knowledge is also allowing people to do comparisons between different vendors online to get the best price for a particular product or service. So for example we can go online and find the cheapest flight to New York. Unfortunately this freedom to access knowledge via computers and networks does have down sides. People can post the instructions for bomb making online and terrorists and criminals, to communicate via the Internet, can use strong encryption.Moore's LawGordon Moore was a co-founder of Intel, and he stated that processing power will double every eighteen months. So far, since he made that statement, it has broadly held true. What this means in practice for the ordinary person is the street is that when he or she buys a computer it will probably be superseded in a year by a new model that will have more processing power and may even be cheaper than the original computer.

What does all this mean for society? As processors get smaller and more powerful will this mean that mobile phones will usurp the position now held by PC's? Already mobile phones are beginning to merge with digital cameras and MP3 music players, with the advance in data storage as well as processing power, phones could be as powerful as current PC's within the next ten years.If this merger of mobile devices and current desktop processing power does happen, will this mean that it will be easier for people in developing countries to have access to that power and access to the internet too? If everyone in the world has access to one of these devices what are the chances of a new Einstein emerging with a theory as groundbreaking as special relativity?In a recent edition of the BBC programme "Horizon" the theme of the programme was the vast increase in computer processing power we will see in the next fifty years and whether this will precipitate computers that will be more intelligent than humans. The programme asks what impact this will have on the human race. It essentially presented two points of view, one which says this increase in computing power will be a good thing for the human race and a second point of view that argues that the human race will be destroyed by this advance in computing power. Given that Moore's Law has so far be proved correct we may well be facing these dilemmas in fifty years time.Talk, TalkComputers over the years have helped shape the way industry communicates by making communication faster and cheaper. 10 years ago the fax was a prime means of communication in business. Now computers can fax electronic documents, or use email to replace the fax. The obvious advantage of email is the ability to transmit electronic data almost instantaneously to many places at once all over the world. This is a vast saving to businesses. This ability to transmit data means that there has been a boom in people working from remote locations. No longer is your workforce tied down to an office. You now have the ability to obtain resource from around the world, to do business with other companies from all over the world. Email has increased trade from different countries and is a major benefit to today's economic markets. Recently email has started to be replaced by Instant Messages (IM). This is faster still than email, allowing real time conversations via computers.

Where's the fun?Computer games have been used for entertainment purposes for over 30 years with games like Pong in 1972, to Doom III on current PC's. However, lately the computer has undergone a major overhaul in the entertainment arena. Computers can now be used to hold all your media such as music, video's and pictures or recorded TV. With carefully crafted interfaces, (Microsoft's media center being one of the most popular) computers are becoming a common sight under peoples' TVs. Gone are the bulky desktop cases, instead replaced by sleek looking DVD styled cases. You can hold all your music in one place in an electronic format, no longer requiring CD's. New music can be downloaded from the Internet for a fraction of the price of buying an album in a shop. TV can be recorded to the hard disc: no need to spend 10 minutes trying to program your VCR, only to find you missed the program as it was delayed. EPG (electronic program guides) know when a program has been delayed and adjust recordings accordingly. You have a large menu that organises your recorded programs, no more fast-forwarding through tapes! You can pause TV, make a cup of tea and go back to watching the TV. Pictures from your digital camera can be stored and displayed on your TV for all to see.Today the possibilities are endless but it is safe to say that computers are improving our entertainment experience.So What's the problem? As computers become more and more prevalent in business it is leading to people being deskilled. Computers do more and more for us. Many examples of this are present in today's society. An airline pilot spends most of the flight watching a computer fly the plane. In industry, many jobs consist of people pushing the buttons that start the machinery, which is controlled by computers. Even in its most basic form (a calculator) we have de-skilled ourselves. Once we performed arithmetic ourselves! If it was not for my spell checker, the chances are this would have been spelt incorrectly! In our head or on paper, now we push buttons and expect to be handed the answer. How long will it be before we develop more sophisticated computer systems that will make the decisions for us too?

How Green is that?Computers affect the environment in several ways. Firstly they are a major source of energy consumption. Whole buildings are full of desks running computers day and night, causing a major drain on our natural resources. But new computers become outdated quickly (see Moore's Law above). Manufacturers are developing hardware at such a vast rate that people feel the need to upgrade. Often the upgrade is required to use the latest software that needs 2 gigs of memory to run. But what happens to the old hardware? It's obsolete. There are a lot of harmful substances that make up a modern computer, and these should, but are not always disposed of correctly. Many end up in landfills.As if that's not enough, not only do computers contribute to global warming by consuming vast quantities of energy, not only do they contribute to the non bio-degradable waste, but they also contribute to the ever increasing health problems in the world. More and more people spend more and more time sitting in front of the computer. Working, emailing, or playing games. From a young age our children are encouraged to sit quietly in front of the TV, or play a computer game rather than go outside and participate in some physical activity. Kids play football on their computer, not in fields. By the time they grow up and get a job, they are so indoctrinated into the computer lifestyle they continue to spend hours still in front of the PC watching TV, playing games or working.Who's watching you?With the advent of the broadband ADSL connections security of PC's has become an important issue. ADSL connections to the internet, while allowing a richer user experience, has conversely made unprotected PC's highly vulnerable to viruses, worms, Trojans, spy ware, key loggers, phishing scams and the rest. A whole new software industry has sprung up to provide us with programs that will protect our PC's when connected to the Internet. PC users have to make sure when connecting to the Internet that they have fully protected their machines with antivirus/antispyware software, firewalls, operating system updates and have to be constantly vigilant for new exploits that may compromise their machines when connected. Alongside the security issues that a connection to the Internet will raise are associated privacy issues.

Whether it be filling in tax returns on line, or accessing your bank accounts via an ADSL connection, the amount of data that is held by various government departments and private companies about individuals is growing daily. Along with this data comes a myriad of privacy issues. Who should have access to this data? How long should they have access to the data? Is the data accurate? Should companies be able to exchange data on individuals? Can data on individuals be passed to companies in other countries for processing? Have other countries stringent data protection laws? Even if a person has never used the Internet, there will still be a large amount of data that exists about them that has been collected since their birth, from sources such as the electoral register, medical records, social security information, HR files, telephone directory, credit agency reports, and more.With the arrival of the broadband digital age, the widespread use of databases by companies and governments, security and privacy issues have meant that individuals must educate themselves on the dangers that are inherent when connecting to the Internet. They must also be aware of how data they provide about themselves can potentially be used. There is of course an equally valid argument that government should be introducing legislation that protects the individual from these dangers and risks.The Digital DivideThe phrase "Digital Divide" has been attributed to ex-vice president Al Gore although there are others who lay claim to it too. The coming of the computer and Internet age has passed by some sections of society, in particular older people, poorer people, people with disabilities and people who may not be able to access technologies such as the internet because of geographical or economic/political location i.e. third world countries. There are also people who do not fit into the categories quoted above, these people may not be old, poor or live in geographically remote places but just do not make use of the new digital technologies. Do these people realise that they are already using Information Communication Technology (ICT) when they make a phone call with their mobile phone. There is no escape from ICT!The digital divide does not just refer to access or lack of it to the Internet. It also refers to the divide between people who have ICT knowledge and those who do not. This knowledge is usually a prerequisite to using the Internet. How do people with no ICT knowledge get up to speed with using a computer and accessing the Internet? Government sponsored ICT courses are one way to start bridging the divide. People who are new to ICT, like the older generation, have first to understand the interaction between a human and a computer. Can programmers simplify the Human Computer Interface so that it is not in itself a barrier to using ICT? How will this gap be bridged? Should we put our trust in the market to close the digital divide? After all it's in the interests of computer hardware, software manufacturers and Internet service providers (ISP's) to get people using their products so that they can make a profit. Or should the state intervene and supply training and hardware so everyone has an opportunity to "get online". Is it a right that everyone should have access to a computer and the Internet? Ideas have been floated that would give everyone a PC or every child in the third world a laptop like the $100 "one laptop per child" scheme proposed by Nicholas Negroponte, which uses windup technology to get round the lack of power in third world countries.1984?Computer technology is pervasive throughout our modern lives. We have always looked for ways to improve our lives through new technology, but this improvement comes at a cost. All technology is morally neutral, and this is just as true of computer technology. It is the use to which we put this technology to that dictates whether it is beneficial to society or not. Many people would argue that now the genie is out of the bottle, we can't put it back, and we have become so reliant and used to computers that we would find it hard to do without them. Others (for example the Amish community) argue they can do very well without them. It is widely accepted that computers have improved our lives in some ways, whilst caused problems in others. The question is where does the balance lie? We personally believe the good points outweigh the bad quite considerably at the moment. However, if for instance we consider an Orwellesque 1984 future where 'big brother' uses computers to keep control, and the advantages of computers were removed from the masses this obviously would no longer be the case.As mentioned on the above, computers have both positive and negative impact in our society. But the use of computer is increasing day-by-day. Computers have both positive and negative impact in our daily life as well

as in our social life. But the gross development of the nation is faster with the application of computers in industries and education. The both positive and negative impacts of computers are listed below.

Positive Impact of Computer -o The work can be done in very less time.o More information can be stored in small space.o Multitasking and multiprocessing capabilities of data.o Easy to access data.o Impartiality.o Documents can be kept secret.o Error free result.o It can be used for various purposes. i.e. It can be used in any type of work.

Negative Impact of Computer - o Highly expensive.o Accidents.o Data piracy.o Increased Unemployment.o Huge data and information can be lost sometimes.o Fast changing computer technology.o Service distribution.o Illiteracy of computing and computers.

Bibliography

Journals:1. Barua, Shubhasish Majumder and Akhtaruzzaman, Md., “Determinants of Workers’ Remittances in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study”, Working Paper Series 713, Policy Analysis Unit (PAU), Bangladesh Bank, June 2007.

2. Md. Bayazid Sarker, “Alternative resources of World Bank for External Financing in Bangladesh: A Foreign Remittance Approach”, Bangladesh Economic Association, December 2007.

Books:

1. Levin, Richard I. & Rubin, David S. Statistics for Management, 7th Edition. (United States of America: Prentic – Hall, Inc, 1997)

2. Lind, Douglas A., Marchal, William G. & Mason, Robert D., Statistics for Business & Economics, 11th Edition. (United States of America: McGraw – Hill Book Company, 2002)

Web Sites:1. www.bangladesh-bank.org 2. www.imf.org

OthersAnnual Report of Janata Bank Limited (1990 to 2008)