computer basics
TRANSCRIPT
Table of Contents Definition of Computer . Uses of Computer . TYPES OF COMPUTER . What is a Computer System? Computer Memory . Computer Network . Computer Games . Computer Processor . References Done By .
Starting to use a computer can feel like a visit to a foreign country – things look familiar but you can’t speak the
language. Getting to grips with computers is much easier than learning a new language. Our guides will set you on the
right path.
What is a Computer?
An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A computer is
composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and configurations.
Uses of Computer
• Computers in Daily Life• Accounts• Games• Educational• On-line banking• Smart ID cards• Supermarkets• Working from home (Tele-working)• Internet
Uses of Computer
•PC at Home• Computer games• Working from Home• Banking from Home• Connecting to the Web
• Computers in Education
Uses of Computer
• Office Applications
• Automated Production Systems
• Design Systems
• Stock Control
• Accounts / Payroll
Types of Computer
Type of computer
Digital computer Analog computer Hybrid Computer
Micro ComputerMain frame Computer
Super Computer
Home PC
Mini Computer
Analog computer
Analog computer measures and answer the questions by the method of “HOW MUCH”. The input data is not a number infect a physical quantity like tem, pressure, speed, velocity.• Signals are continuous of (0 to 10 V)• Accuracy 1% Approximately• High speed• Output is continuous• Time is wasted in transmission time
Micro Computer
Micro computer are the smallest computer system. There size range from calculator to desktop size. Its CPU is microprocessor. It also known as Grand child Computer.• Application : - personal computer, Multi user system, offices.
Mini Computer These are also small general purpose system. They are generally more powerful
and most useful as compared to micro computer. Mini computer are also known as mid range computer or Child computer.
E.g. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) Systems• Application :- Departmental systems, Network Servers, work group system.
Main Frame Computer
Mainframe computers are those computers that offer faster processing and grater storage area. The word “main frame” comes from the metal frames. It is also known as Father computer.• Application – Host computer, Central data base server.
Super Computer
Super computer are those computer which are designed for scientific job like whether forecasting and artificial intelligence etc. They are fastest and expensive. A super computer contains a number of CPU which operate in parallel to make it faster. It also known as grand father computer.• Application – whether forecasting, weapons research and development.
Mainframe computers
• Large Organisations –banks, building societies, airlines, governments• May have 1000’s of terminals –geographically remote locations• Could occupy a whole site• 100’s of disk drives & hardware units• Location often kept secret! (terrorist attacks)• Largest Category of computer• Cost Millions• Mostly used by scientific and industrial research departments• NASA –government agencies• Weather Centres• Stock Exchanges• Large Commercial Organisations
Hybrid Computer
The combination of features of analog and digital computer is called Digital computer. The main example are central national defense and passenger flight radar system. They are also used to control robots.
Hardware & Software
• The term hardware refers to the physical components of your computer such as the system unit, mouse, keyboard, monitor etc.
• The software is the instructions that makes the computer work.
Software is held either on your computers hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD or on a diskette (floppy disk) and is loaded (i.e. copied) from the disk into the computers RAM (Random Access Memory),
as and when required.
Computer Hardware
Hardware: The internal structure of computers, The physical components (electrical circuits) that make up the computer
General Overview
Hardware Components
Input Devices "How to tell it what to do“
Output devices "How it shows you what it is doing"
Computer Input Devices
• Computer Devices that input information in the computer
ExamplesKey Board
MouseScanner
Digital Camera
Computer Output Devices
• Computer Devices that output information from the computer.
ExamplesMonitorPrinter
Software : The computer programs (sequences of instructions) that tell the computer what to do in response to a command or some
event.
Computer SoftwareGeneral Overview
What is Computer Software?
• Computer Software are programs that tell the computer what to do.
ExamplesMicrosoft Word-word processing program
Microsoft PowerPoint-presentation programMicrosoft Excel-work book program used to track, calculate, and analyze numeric
data
RAM and ROM
There are two kinds of Memory• RAM –Random Access Memory (MM)
(this is used for storing programs that are currently running and data that is being processed)
• ROM –Read Only Memory
(its contents are PERMANENTLY etched into the memory chip at the manufacturing stage. It is used –for example –to load the bootstrap loader (the program that loads as soon as you start the machine)
RAM
RAM = Random Access memory• Main Memory• Stores info about applications that are open and data • VOLATILE • When you switch off the machine, it disappears!!!
ROM
ROM = Read only memory• Non-Volatile (does not change)• Programs that are necessary for the computer to run• Boot up program• Etc …
Computer Memory Sizes
Type Sizes1 Byte 8 Bit
1 KB (KB) 1024 Bytes
1 MB 1024KB
1 GB 1024MB
1Tb 1024GB (about 1 trillion bytes)
Storage Medium and Memory
Type MemoryFloppy Disc 1.47 MB
CD-Rom 650MB
Memory Stick (standard)
256 MB
DVD Up to 4 Gig
Hard Disc 40 Gig (most of hard disc a 1 TB)
MAIN MEMORY
• The program currently being executed and the data used by the program is held in MAIN MEMORY• MM is divided into millions of individually addressable storage units called BYTES• One byte can hold one character • Or one byte can hold a code representing something –i.e. a part of a picture, or a sound, or
a program instruction.• The total number of bytes in MM = The computers MEMORY SIZE.
Storage Devices Hard disk drives (External)
USB drive (Flash Memory Cards)
Floppy disk
CD-ROM or DVD Disks
Uses of Network
single printer may be used by several person • In a similar way other devices such as modems orscanners can be shared.• Also used to access internet . • Even more useful is the ability to shareinformation when connected to a network.
Computer Games
PC games, also known as computer games or personal computer games, are video games played on a personal computer rather than a dedicated video game console or arcade machine. Their defining characteristics include a lack of any centralized controlling authority and generally greater capacity in input, processing, and output.
What is a Processor?
• Most computers use integrated chips….or integrated circuits for their processors or main memory• A chip is about 1cm square…and can hold MILLIONS of electronic components such as
transistors and resistors• CPU of a microcomputer is a microprocessor• Processor and MAIN MEMORY of a PC are held on a single board called a motherboard.
Processor
Brain of the computer• Processes instructions THREE STEPS1) Fetches Instructions2) Decodes Instruction3) Executes Instruction
PROCESSORS
• Either chips or integrated circuits
• Integrated circuits are also found in almost every modern electrical device such as cars, television sets, CD players, cellular phones, etc.
Types of Processors
References http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Computers_for_Beginners/The_Basics http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/1 http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/topics/your-computer/computer-basics http://digitalunite.com/guides/computer-basics http://www.jegsworks.com/lessons/ComputerBasics/lessointro.tm https://www.ctdlc.org/remediation/indexComputer.html http://alison.com/learn/Computer-Basics http://spclc.org/curricula-resources/computer-curriculum