1. COMPUTER
Presented by Bob Behm

2. Basic Computer Components
CPU (motherboard), Power Supply, Main Memory (RAM), Hard Drive, CD/DVD, Keyboard, Monitor, External Hard Drives, Printer, Scanner, Etc.
3. How these Components Work Together
Bus
Human interface Devices Mouse, Keyboard,
Touch Screen,
Scanner
Monitor,
Printer
Bus
Hard drive, CD/DVD,
Floppy Drive, Zip Drive, Flash Memory
4. An inside view the Motherboard
Card Slots Sound, Network, Modem, Video. Etc.
Processor Slot
Memory Card Slots
5. An inside view Hard Drive & Bus cables
Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
6. An inside view Hard Drive
7. CPU Central Processing Unit works with memory to execute arithmetic and logic processes
User hits the # 2 key -
then enter
Output # 4 displays on the screen
The performance of the CPU is dependant on both its speed and memory
8. 1.66GHz vs 2.8GHz..whats a GHz?
One GHz represents 1 billion cycles per second. The speed of microprocessors, called the clock speed, often is measured in gigahertz. For example, a microprocessor that runs at 200 GHz executes 200 billion cycles per second. Each computer instruction requires a fixed number of cycles, so the clock speed determines how many instructions per second the microprocessor can execute. To a large degree, this controls how powerful the microprocessor is.
9. Primary memory
The performance of a computer is also dependent on the amount of Primary (Main) Memory Random Access Memory (RAM) available. This memory temporarily stores information so that its readily available to the CPU. This includes the program(s) being executed and required data. If this memory is limited or slow this will slow down the computers ability to process information.
10. How does memory work?
Physically computer memory is made up of transistors & capacitors - the only information they store is a magnetic charges (high & low) represented by a 0 or 1. Computer scientists combine a series of these transistor states to represent information - They turn information into a binary format so it can be easily stored as magnetic charges.
11. How is Information Stored in Memory?
All data is represented by a string of 0s and 1s. Integers, Real Numbers, and characters are stored this way. They all are converted to a string of 0s and 1s in different ways. Integers are their base 2 equivalent Characters are converted via some standard (ASCII, Unicode, etc.) All information is translated by a set of instructions into this format and then processed.
12. Measuring memory
Each 0,1- is called a bit 1 Byte is 8 bits 1 Kilobyte (KB) = 210 bytes (1111111111) 1000 bytes = 1x103 bytes 1 Megabyte (MB) = 220 bytes 1,000,000 bytes = 1x106 bytes 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 230 bytes 1,000,000,000 bytes = 1x109 bytes 1 MB of memory can hold approximately 500 pages of text.
13. SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, DDR, RDRAM...
SRAM
Staic Random Access Memory doesnt need to be refreshed but like all RAM, is erased when the power is OFF
CPU
5-10x
slower
DRAM (Dynamic RAM) is a type that is constantly refreshed or will loose its contents.
SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM) designed to work with the CPU to work faster than DRAM.
DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM) works twice as fast as SDRAM
14. So how much memory do I need?
It will depend on the type of computer you have
older systems are not always compatible with newer memory types.
Sometimes too much memory can cause problems with Windows.
It will depend on the applications you wish to run
Graphic and video applications require much more memory than simple word processing.
Do you wish to have many applications running simultaneously?
15. Saving Data
To save data for later use we can store data on Secondary (Auxiliary) Memory devices.
Hard Drive - MB, GB and TB sizes
(Auxiliary) Memory is cheaper/slower than Primary Memory but is not erased when the Power Supply is OFF.
CD 700MB&DVD 4.7 GB
External Hard Drive-
MB, GB and TB sizes
Flash Drive or Thumb Drive
Up to 32GB
Floppy Disks 1.44MB
16. Hardware vs. Software
For computer hardware to work it must follow a set of instructions that is supplied to it. These instructions or programs are referred to as software.
These instructions are referred to as the Operating System Software, which control the basic input/output and memory operations of the computer.
Application Software are programs that work with the operating system to perform specific tasks.
17. System Software
Programs to control computer operations are called Operating Systems (OS)

Instructions on loading and executing

applications and transferring data loaded
into the main memory on startup
(booting)

Examples: DOS, Unix, Windows XP,

Windows 7, Linux, Mac OS, IBM OS, etc.
18. Applications Software
Computer programs written to perform specific tasks. They work in tandem with specific Operating Systems

Word Processing

19. Spreadsheets 20. Database Management Systems 21. Web Design Software 22. Internet Access & E-mail 23. Graphic Packages 24. Movie Makers