computer architecture overview
TRANSCRIPT
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COMPUTER ARCHITECTUR
E
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WHAT IS COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
The internal design operational structure of a computer system
The science and art of selecting and interconnecting hardware components to create computers that meet functional, performance and cost goals.
A set of disciplines that describes a computer system by specifying its parts and their relations.
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WHAT IS COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
• The conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a computer system.
Computer Architecture =
Instruction Set Architecture +
Machine Organization + …..
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TECHNICAL DEFINITION
• A series of abstraction layers that consists of :hardware, firmware, assembler, kernel, operating system and application.
• abstraction layer: is a software that translates a high-level request into the low-level commands required to perform the operation
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FORCES ACTING ON CA
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SUB-CATEGORIES OF CA
• Instruction set architecture
• Microarchitecture
• System Design
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SUB-COMPONENTS OF CA
• CPU
• Main Memory
• I/O
• Bus Interconnections
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Why is architecture exciting?
• Fast-paced: Technology trends
• Important: Prevalence of computers:
They’re everywhere!
Desktops, laptops, cars, airplanes, ???
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Why is architecture challenging?
• Difficult to evaluate solutions
• Inter-related with other fields
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Ways to Evaluate New Architectures
• Tradeoff between three desired features
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Inter-related with other fields
• Architecture is considered both computer engineering and computer science
• Architects interact with other areas• Circuit design (Electrical Engineering)
• Transmission lines (EE)
• Power (EE, Mechanical Engineering)
• Compilers (Comp Sci)
• Operating systems (CS)
• Networking (EE, CS)
• Databases (CS)
• Queuing theory (CS, EE, Industrial Engineering)
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How Architecture Relates to Other Areas
Computer Architecture
Operating Systems, Compilers, Networking Software
Circuits, Wires, Network Hardware
Application Software
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How Architecture Relates to Hardware (EE)
• Architecture should enable efficient hardware design
– Avoid huge hardware structures
– Avoid cross-chip wires
Computer Architecture
Operating Systems, Compilers, Networking Software
Circuits, Wires, Network Hardware
Application Software
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How Architecture Relates to System Software
• Architecture should support system software
– Provide good target for compiler (unlike IA-64?)
– Support important OS features (such as synchronization)
Computer Architecture
Operating Systems, Compilers, Networking Software
Circuits, Wires, Network Hardware
Application Software
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How Architecture Relates to User Software
• Architecture should efficiently run important apps
• Intel added MMX hardware to support media apps
• Sun & IBM design multiprocessors for commercial apps
Computer Architecture
Operating Systems, Compilers, Networking Software
Circuits, Wires, Network Hardware
Application Software
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WHY WE STUDY COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
• Understand what computer really is
• What is inside a computer
• Why a computer is designed
• Optimize programs written in high level languages
• Take advantage of the speed offered by the latest advances in supercomputers
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WHY WE STUDY COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
• The understanding of the components that make up the computer and the way they are interconnected
• Be aware of the advancements in computer architecture
• You need to understand infrastructure, design and possibly make your programs multi-platform. Then you leave little reason why a client cannot use your program.
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THANK YOU
•??????