computer architecture overview

18
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE 1

Upload: muhammad-ishaq

Post on 09-May-2015

213 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Computer architecture overview

1

COMPUTER ARCHITECTUR

E

Page 2: Computer architecture overview

2

WHAT IS COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

The internal design operational structure of a computer system

The science and art of selecting and interconnecting hardware components to create computers that meet functional, performance and cost goals.

A set of disciplines that describes a computer system by specifying its parts and their relations.

Page 3: Computer architecture overview

3

WHAT IS COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

• The conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a computer system.

Computer Architecture =

Instruction Set Architecture +

Machine Organization + …..

Page 4: Computer architecture overview

4

TECHNICAL DEFINITION

• A series of abstraction layers that consists of :hardware, firmware, assembler, kernel, operating system and application. 

• abstraction layer: is a software that translates a high-level request into the low-level commands required to perform the operation

Page 5: Computer architecture overview

5

FORCES ACTING ON CA

Page 6: Computer architecture overview

6

SUB-CATEGORIES OF CA

• Instruction set architecture

• Microarchitecture

• System Design

Page 7: Computer architecture overview

7

SUB-COMPONENTS OF CA

• CPU

• Main Memory

• I/O

• Bus Interconnections

Page 8: Computer architecture overview

8

Why is architecture exciting?

• Fast-paced: Technology trends

• Important: Prevalence of computers:

They’re everywhere!

Desktops, laptops, cars, airplanes, ???

Page 9: Computer architecture overview

9

Why is architecture challenging?

• Difficult to evaluate solutions

• Inter-related with other fields

Page 10: Computer architecture overview

10

Ways to Evaluate New Architectures

• Tradeoff between three desired features

Page 11: Computer architecture overview

11

Inter-related with other fields

• Architecture is considered both computer engineering and computer science

• Architects interact with other areas• Circuit design (Electrical Engineering)

• Transmission lines (EE)

• Power (EE, Mechanical Engineering)

• Compilers (Comp Sci)

• Operating systems (CS)

• Networking (EE, CS)

• Databases (CS)

• Queuing theory (CS, EE, Industrial Engineering)

Page 12: Computer architecture overview

12

How Architecture Relates to Other Areas

Computer Architecture

Operating Systems, Compilers, Networking Software

Circuits, Wires, Network Hardware

Application Software

Page 13: Computer architecture overview

13

How Architecture Relates to Hardware (EE)

• Architecture should enable efficient hardware design

– Avoid huge hardware structures

– Avoid cross-chip wires

Computer Architecture

Operating Systems, Compilers, Networking Software

Circuits, Wires, Network Hardware

Application Software

Page 14: Computer architecture overview

14

How Architecture Relates to System Software

• Architecture should support system software

– Provide good target for compiler (unlike IA-64?)

– Support important OS features (such as synchronization)

Computer Architecture

Operating Systems, Compilers, Networking Software

Circuits, Wires, Network Hardware

Application Software

Page 15: Computer architecture overview

15

How Architecture Relates to User Software

• Architecture should efficiently run important apps

• Intel added MMX hardware to support media apps

• Sun & IBM design multiprocessors for commercial apps

Computer Architecture

Operating Systems, Compilers, Networking Software

Circuits, Wires, Network Hardware

Application Software

Page 16: Computer architecture overview

16

WHY WE STUDY COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

• Understand what computer really is

• What is inside a computer

• Why a computer is designed

• Optimize programs written in high level languages

• Take advantage of the speed offered by the latest advances in supercomputers

Page 17: Computer architecture overview

17

WHY WE STUDY COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

• The understanding of the components that make up the computer and the way they are interconnected

• Be aware of the advancements in computer architecture

• You need to understand infrastructure, design and possibly make your programs multi-platform. Then you leave little reason why a client cannot use your program.

Page 18: Computer architecture overview

18

THANK YOU

•??????