computer architecture i - darko bartholovich

ProgramiranjeI_sylabus.doc

Engleski jezik::Predavanje/Vjezbe

http://dl.fit.ba/

1

Fakultet informacijskih tehnologija

[email protected]

COMPUTER ESSENTIALS

Task 1 Think about the function of the computer components on the picture.

Task 2 Read and guess

Read these slogans or quotations and say what computer component they

refer to

1. a Right-click to display a context-sensitive menu.

b Obeys every impulse as if it were an extension of your hand.

2. a Displays your ideas with perfect brilliance.

b See the difference sharp images and a fantastic range of colors.

3. a I love this drive. It's quiet and fast.

b With this it's easy to back up your data before it's too late.

4. a Power and speed on the inside.

b Let your computer's brain do the work.

5. a .....a big impact on the production of text and graphics

b This will produce high-quality output, with sharp text and impressive graphics.



http://dl.fit.ba/

2


[email protected]

Task 3 Read the text

Computers are electronic machines which can accept data in a certain form, process the

data and give results of the processing in a specified format as information.

Three basic steps are involved in the process. First, data is fed into the computers memory.

Then, when the program is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes

the data. Finally, we can see the results (the output) on the screen or in printed form.

Information in the form of data and programs is known as software, and the electronic and

mechanical parts that make up a computer system are called hardware. A standard

computer system consists of three main sections: the central processing unit (CPU), the main

memory and the peripherals.

Perhaps the most influential component is the central processing unit. Its function is to

execute program instructions and coordinate the activities of all other unit. The main

memory holds the instructions and data which are currently being processed by the CPU.

The peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer. They include storage

devices and input/output devices.

Storage devices (hard or optical disks) provide a permanent storage of both data and

programs. Input devices enable data to go into computers memory. The most common

input devices are the mouse and the keyboard. Output devices enable us to extract the

finished product from the system. For example, the computer shows the output on the

monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer.

On the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into which we can plug a wide

range of peripherals modems, optical drives, scanners, etc.

These are the main physical units of a computer system, generally known as the

configuration.



http://dl.fit.ba/

3


[email protected]

Task 4 Use the information in the text and the diagram to help you match the

terms in the box with the appropriate explanation or definition below.

1. The brain of the computer.

2. Physical parts that make up a computer system.

3. Programs which can be used on a particular computer system.

4. The information which is presented to the computer.

5. Results produced by a computer.

6. Hardware equipment attached to the CPU.

7. Visual display unit.

8. Small device used to store information. Same as 'diskette'.

9. Any socket or channel in a computer system into which an input/output device may

be connected.

Task 5 Choose the correct answer

1. a a mainframe computer is less powerful than a minicomputer

b a mainframe is more powerful than a minicomputer

2. Mainframe computers are used by: a executives and businessmen

b large organizations that need to process enormous amounts of data

3. Multi-tasking means: a doing a number of tasks at the same time

b access to a minicomputer through terminals

4. Handheld computers are a small enough to fit into the palm of one hand

b bigger than laptops

a. software b. pheripheral devices c. monitor d. floppy disk

e. hardware f. input g. output h. central processing unit i. port



http://dl.fit.ba/

4


[email protected]

Task 6 Complete the sentences and the diagram with the words from the text in

Task 3

1. Computer _________________ is the visible or audible result of data processing

information that can be read, printed or heard by the user.

2. The CPU will process data as instructed by the programs you're running.

_______________ includes functions like calculating, sorting, editing, drawing and

searching.

3. DVD are expected to replace CDs as ________________ devices.

4. As a scanner, the Sigma-100 can be used to _____________ photographs as well as

documents into the computer

....................

Raw data is presented to

the computer

....................

Data is transformed into

useful information

....................

Results take the form of

words, pictures and sounds.

....................

Files and programs are held on

disks



http://dl.fit.ba/

5


[email protected]

Vocabulary work: Compound adjectives

Task 7 Find compound adjectives in the text and explain their meaning as in the

HELP box.

Wearable computers, aren't they chic?

Can you imagine wearing a PC on your belt and getting e-mail on your eyeglasses? Wearable

computers are battery-powered systems on the user's body on a belt, backpack or vest and

are designed for mobile or hands-free operation, often incorporating a microphone and a

head-mounted display.

Some devices are waist-mounted, equipped with a wireless modem, a keypad and a small

screen. Others are voice-activated, worn like a scarf and can access e-mail or voice mail.

Users of wearable technology consider themselves 'cyborgs'. This term comes from

'cybernetic organism', referring to a being that is part robot, part human.

(taken from: "Infotech", Cambridge University Press 2006)

Task 8 Homework writing assignment

Do a reasearch on the concept of wearable technology and write and

essay about adavntages/disadvantages of this concept, possible uses

and your personal opinion about it.

Send you homework to [email protected] for review.

HELP box

A compound adjective is made up of two parts and usually

describes appearance. The second part is frequently a past

participle.

e.g. blue-eyed girl = a girl who has got blue eyes

sugar-free product=a product that uses no sugar



http://dl.fit.ba/

6


[email protected]

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY WORK

ADJECTIVES

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Adjectives describe or give information about nouns.

Some adjectives give us factual information about the noun - age, size colour etc. (fact

adjectives - can't be argued with). Some adjectives show what somebody thinks about

something or somebody - nice, horrid, beautiful etc (opinion adjectives - not everyone may

agree).

Positive Form

Use the positive form of the adjective if the comparison contains one of the following

expressions:

as ... as Example: Jane is as tall as John.

not as ... as / not so ... as Example: John is not as tall as Arnie.

Comparative Form and Superlative Form (-er/-est)

a. one-syllable adjectives (clean, new, cheap)

b. two-syllable adjectives ending in -y or -er (easy, happy, pretty, dirty, clever)

positive form comparative form superlative form

clean cleaner (the) cleanest

Exceptions in spelling when adding -er / -est

a. silent 'e' is dropped

Example: late-later-latest

b. final 'y' after a consonant becomes 'i'

Example: easy-easier-easiest

c. final consonant after short, stressed vowel is doubled

Example: hot-hotter-hottest



http://dl.fit.ba/

7


[email protected]

Comparative Form and Superlative Form (more/most)

a. adjectives of three or more syllables (and two-syllable adjectives not ending in -y/-er)


difficult more difficult (the) most difficult

Comparative Form and Superlative Form (irregular comparisons)


good better best

bad / ill worse worst

little

(amount)

less least

little (size) smaller smallest

much / many more most

far (place +

time)

further furthest

far (place) farther farthest

late (time) later latest

late (order) latter latter

near (place) nearer nearest

near (order) - next

old (people

and things)

older oldest

old (people) elder eldest



http://dl.fit.ba/

8


[email protected]

EXERCISES:

Task 1 Fill in the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives.

Example: new _____ ______

Answer: new newer newest

1. old

2. bad

3. difficult

4. large

5. much

6. good

7. big

8. little

9. easy

10. many

11. clever

12. interesting

Task 2 Fill in the comparison with as ... as.

Example: John is (tall) __as tall as__ Glen.

a. Janet is (beautiful) _____________ Jeniffer.

b. You are (crazy) _______________my sister.

c. We can run (fast) _________________they can.

d. My mom is (not / strict) _________________your mum.

e. Your mobile phone is (not / trendy) _________________ mine.

f. Matrix II was (not / interesting) _________________ Matrix I.

g. This yoghurt (not / taste / good) _________________ the one I bought yesterday.

h. I can do (many / press-ups) _________________ you.

i. I (not / earn / much / money) _________________ you do.



http://dl.fit.ba/

9


[email protected]

Task 3 Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets

(comparative or superlative).

Example: My house is (big) _bigger_ than yours.

10. This flower is (beautiful) _________________ than that one.

11. This is the (interesting) _________________ book I have ever read.

12. Non-smokers usually live (long) _________________ than smokers.

13. Which is the (dangerous) _________________ animal in the world?

14. A holiday by the sea is (good) _________________ than a holiday in the mountains.

15. It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) _________________ than a beer.

16. Who is the (rich) _________________ woman on earth?

17. The weather this summer is even (bad) _________________ than last summer.

18. He was the (clever) _________________ thief of all.

Task 4 Complete these sentences with the superlative form of the adjectives in

brackets.

1. Always buy the (fast) ________________ scanner with the (high) ___________

resolution you can afford.

2. They have created the (revolutionary) _________________ camera to date.

3. FotoFinish is the (easy) ______________ photo editing software for your digital

camera.

4. This scanner gives you the (good) ____________ scans with the (little) __________

effort.

5. Our University has bought the (modern) _______________ computer equipment.

Task 5 Write an essay about one of the following topics:

The most difficult computer game youve ever played.

The most exciting film youve ever seen.

The funniest programme on TV.

The most dangerous computer virus.

The most popular web browser.



http://dl.fit.ba/

10


[email protected]

ADJECTIVES OPPOSITES

Task 6 Match the words on the left with their opposites on the right.

Write your choices in the boxes on the left.

1. present

2. light

3. little

4. loud

5. careless

6. poor

7. sad

8. short

9. ugly

10. shallow

a. beautiful

b. big

c. deep

d. happy

e. heavy

f. absent

g. careful

h. quiet

i. rich

j. tall



http://dl.fit.ba/

11


[email protected]

KEY TO GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY EXERCISES

Task 1

1. old older the oldest

2. bad worse the worst

3. difficult more difficult the most difficult

4. large larger the largest

5. much more the most

6. good better the best

7. big bigger the biggest

8. little less the least

9. easy easier the easiest

10. many more the most

11. clever cleverer the cleverest

12. Interesting more interesting the most interesting

Task 2

1. Janet is as beautiful as Jeniffer.

2. You are as crazy as my sister.

3. We can run as fast as they can.

4. My mom is not as strict as your mum.

5. Your mobile phone is not as trendy as mine.

6. Matrix II was not as interesting as Matrix I.

7. This yoghurt does not taste as good as the one I bought yesterday.

8. I can do as many press-ups as you.

9. I do not earn as much money as you do.

Task 3

1. This flower is more beautiful than that one.

2. This is the most interesting book I have ever read.

3. Non-smokers usually live longer than smokers.



http://dl.fit.ba/

12


[email protected]

4. Which is the most dangerous animal in the world?

5. A holiday by the sea is better than a holiday in the mountains.

6. It is strange but often a coke is more expensive than a beer.

7. Who is the richest woman on earth?

8. The weather this summer is even worse than last summer.

9. He was the cleverest thief of all.

Task 4

1. the fastest; the highest

2. the most revolutionary

3. easiest

4. best; least

5. the most modern

Task 6

1. present absent

2. light heavy

3. little big

4. loud quiet

5. careless careful

6. poor rich

7. sad happy

8. short tall

9. ugly beautiful

10. shallow deep

computer architecture i - darko bartholovich

Documents

computer components

standard computer system

particular computer

computer essentials

form of data

storage devices

main memory

text computers