computational trust

7/26/2019 Computational Trust

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Joana Urbano A ril 2013 1

Computational Trust

Joana Urbano

[email protected]


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Trust in ANTE


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Why Trust?

Social and economic relationships are uncertainand bring

vulnerabilityto the interacting partners.

Trust allows to reduce the complexity of relationships.

Following the sociological view of trust, trust allows social life

(Luhmann, 1979).


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Why Computational Trust?

Enabler technology for the automatization & virtualizationof

business:

E-procurement (B2B).

E-commerce & auctions (B2C, C2C, C2B).

Management of distributed resources (grid, cloud).

Desired feature of social networks.

It has received attention from national and EU funding: eRep, eTrustCom, COST Action IC0801 (WG5), LIACC FCT project,


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What is Trust?

Still no definition accepted by all.

Probably the most consensual definition:

Trust is both apositive expectationthat the trustee will act as expected,

and a willingness or intention to accept vulnerability(Mayer:1995).

Some well know properties: It depends on the evaluator (I trust X as a vendor but Y does not).

It depends on the role(I trust X as a vendor but not as a buyer).

It depends on the context(I trust X as an exporter of cotton to Europe but not as anexporter of chiffon to the USA).

It depends on time(I used to trust X, but i do not trust it anymore).

It does not depend necessarily on reputation(I trust X despite its bad reputation).


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Different Approaches to Trust

Psychology:trust is considered at the individual level, as a personality

trait (questionnaire surveys, other psychometric scaling techniques, trust games).

Social psychology and Sociology:trust is understood as a property of

ongoing dyads, groups, and collectivities.

Neuroscience:activation of the amygdala in kinship relationships, brain

damage and trust, etc.

Economy:how trust is affected by incentives, norms, institutions, and

other governance mechanisms.

Management and Organizations:the relation between trust, power,

opportunism and betrayal, amongst others.


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The Computational Trust Approach

Question:how computer scientists deal with all this

diversity of trust concepts and approaches?

Answer:very badly!

Real implementations are too simplistic (Amazon.com,

eBay.com, epinions.com, etc.).

Research on computational trust tend to forget the social

nature of trust.


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Agenda

In this talk:

1. Simple computational trust algorithms in e-commerce.

2. Overview of research on computational trust.

3. New trends on computational trust.

4. LIACCs current approach.


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Simple Trust Systems in the Internet

Amazon.com (B2C), eBay.com (C2C)


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Amazon.comTrust in Products

five star classification


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Amazon.comCredibility of Reviewers



Amazon.comReviewers Rank

A reviewer's rankis determined by the overall helpfulness of all their reviews,

factoring in the number of reviews they have written. More weight is given to

recent reviews.



Amazon.comTrust in Sellers



Amazon.comTrust in Sellers

Amazon TipsLook for clues within a

sellers feedback that

indicate the following:

the ability to fulfil

and ship orders in a

timely fashion. a sellers willingness

to resolve

transaction disputes.

an indication that

the quality of the

products shipped

matches the

descriptionsupplied

by the seller.



eBay.comTrust in Sellers

Trust on Sellersadd detailed seller rankings, contact of seller, web of favorite

sellers.



eBay.comTop-Rated Sellers



eBay.comTrust in the System



Considerations About Trust in Amazon & eBay

Trust measures are simple or weighed means.

Much is left to comments written in natural language (e.g.,

delivery, quality, resolution of disputes)context is not

addressed in an automatic way.

Long-term relationships are not the pattern.

eBay foruns reportretalliation cases.

A few negative classifications removea seller from business.



Research on Computational Trust

Traditional Approaches



Traditional Approaches to Computational Trust

Trust is a Cognitive Construct: it builds on existing

past evidence about the trustees behavior

1. Alice reported that Bob was a very good tour guide when

they visited Trondheim at night

2. Jim reported that Bob was a lousy tour guide when they

visited Bergen under stormy weather



Traditional Approaches to Computational Trust

Trust is about Trustworthiness

I trust Bob as a tour guide under normal conditions

because a lot of people (and probably myself) reported

that he is trustworthyunder these conditions

Trust is Contextual

I trust Bob as a tour guide under normal conditions but I

do not trust him under stormy weather



Trustworthiness Computation

How to compute the trustworthiness of this agent?

fabric quantity del. time outcome

cotton medium big fulfill

cotton high medium fulfill


voile medium medium fulfill

voile high low violate

cotton high medium fulfillvoile medium big fulfill

voile high big fulfill

cotton low big fulfill


voile medium big fulfill

voile medium medium fulfillcotton low big fulfill

cotton high medium violate

voile medium low fulfill






Weighted Means by Recency

Trustworthiness of trustee is given by aggregating evidence using

weighted means by recency:

Model: Fire (Huynh, Jennings, Shadbolt, 2006)

)5.0ln(,,

.

)(1

0

1

0 dew

w

vw

NTit

iN

i

i

i

N

i

i



Weighted Means By Recency

d = 5, t = 16

lambda = -5/log(0.5)

wi = exp (-delta/lambda)

fabric quantity del. time outcome v t delta w w*v

cotton medium big fulfill 1 0 16 0,38 0,38

cotton high medium fulfill 1 1 15 0,41 0,41

cotton medium big fulfill 1 2 14 0,43 0,43

voile medium medium fulfill 1 3 13 0,46 0,46

voile high low violate -1 4 12 0,49 -0,49cotton high medium fulfill 1 5 11 0,52 0,52

voile medium big fulfill 1 6 10 0,55 0,55

voile high big fulfill 1 7 9 0,58 0,58

cotton low big fulfill 1 8 8 0,62 0,62




cotton low big fulfill 1 12 4 0,79 0,79

cotton high medium violate -1 13 3 0,83 -0,83

voile medium low fulfill 1 14 2 0,89 0,89


voile medium low fulfill 1 16 0 1,00 1,00

10,96 8,32

tw = 0,76

)5.0ln(,,

.

)(1

0

1

0 dew

w

vw

NTit

iN

ii

i

N

i

i

h




Beta Reputation System Trustworthiness and

reputation are modeled as

the expectation of a beta

PDF (Josang et al., 2002)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beta_distribution_pdf.png

i



Beta Reputation System

lambda = 0,9; delta = 16

r_total = r_total + r_opinion *pow(lambda, delta-i)

fabric quantity del. time outcome r_opinion s_opinion t r_total s_total

cotton medium big fulfill 1,0 0,0 0 0,185 0,000

cotton high medium fulfill 1,0 0,0 1 0,391 0,000

cotton medium big fulfill 1,0 0,0 2 0,620 0,000

voile medium medium fulfill 1,0 0,0 3 0,874 0,000

voile high low violate 0,0 1,0 4 0,874 0,282

cotton high medium fulfill 1,0 0,0 5 1,188 0,282voile medium big fulfill 1,0 0,0 6 1,537 0,282

voile high big fulfill 1,0 0,0 7 1,924 0,282

cotton low big fulfill 1,0 0,0 8 2,355 0,282


voile medium big fulfill 1,0 0,0 10 3,364 0,282


cotton low big fulfill 1,0 0,0 12 4,611 0,282cotton high medium violate 0,0 1,0 13 4,611 1,011

voile medium low fulfill 1,0 0,0 14 5,421 1,011

voile medium big fulfill 1,0 0,0 15 6,321 1,011

voile medium low fulfill 1,0 0,0 16 7,321 1,011

48,38 6,59

tw = 0,87

T hi C i




Weighted Means by Similarity of Situation

Situation is represented as point in a multi-dimensional context space

Model: CSRC (Rehak et al. 2008)

)2,1(

1

0

1

0 ,

.

)( ccdiN

i

i

i

N

i

i

ew

w

vw

NT

W i h d M B Si il i f Si i



Weighted Means By Similarity of Situation









voile high big fulfillcotton low big fulfill






voile medium low fulfillvoile medium big fulfill


)2,1(

1

0

1

0 ,

.

)( ccdiN

i

i

i

N

i

i

ew

w

vw

NT

W i h d M B Si il i f Si i



Weighted Means By Similarity of Situation

It may be hard to tune the distance functions!

T t thi C t ti


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)(

||

||)(),(

)(

AValuesv

vv SEntropy

S

SSEntropyASGain


low

fulfill

quantity

medium high

dtime

low medium big

violate fulfill fulfill

fulfill

low

fulfill

quantity

medium high

dtime

low medium big

violate fulfill fulfill

fulfill dtime

high

low

Failure tendency: (*, high, low)

Contextual FitnessLIACCs approach to situation-aware trust.

Model: Contextual Fitness (Urbano, Rocha, Oliveira, 2010)









voile high big fulfillcotton low big fulfill






voile medium low fulfillvoile medium big fulfill


T t thi C t ti


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Other approaches:

Dirichlet distributions: beta distributions for eachdimension of evidence and correlation of dimensions.

Nave Bayesian networks: P(Y|X) = (P(X|Y).P(Y))/P(X).

LIACCs approach: Sinalpha:

Model: Sinalpha (Urbano, Rocha, Oliveira, 2009)

U i R t ti l I f ti


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Bob has a good reputation as a tour guide

Using Reputational Information

Is he?

Who said that?Are these people credible?

Do they believe it?

Is Bob a good tour guide or a good guy?

etc ..

C t ti l R t ti l


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Computational Reputational

Issues on computational reputation:

Credibility of sources.

Credibility of transmitted information.

Relevance of transmitted information.

Heterogeneity (both syntactic and semantic) of thereputation score being transmitted.

Incentives to referrals.

Bad mouthing.


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New Trends

N A h A N d d!


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New Approaches Are Needed!

Traditional approaches fail to correctly model trust:

1. Trust is a socio-cognitive concept.

2. Trustworthiness is not single dimensional.

3. Trust is more than trustworthiness.

4. Approaches are evaluated using extremely simple models

of agents behavior.

Conceptual Model of Mayer et al (1995)


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Conceptual Model of Mayer et al. (1995)

Trust is more than trustworthiness, and trustworthiness is

multi-dimensional.

Computational Model of Kelton et al (2008)


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Computational Model of Kelton et al. (2008)

Identification, context and reputation are added.

Socio Cognitive Model of Trust


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Socio-Cognitive Model of Trust

A true computational trust model using Fuzzy Cognitive Maps,

but not entirely implemented (Castelfranchi & Falcone, 2010)


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Our Approach

The SOLUM Framework


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The SOLUM Framework

The Ability Evaluation Function


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The Ability Evaluation Function

is obtained with Contextual Fitness

Results:

The Benevolence Evaluation Function


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The Benevolence Evaluation Function

We claim that our model is truly social!

We analyze the past evidence in light of the relationshipsexisting between the trustees and the trusters

Different benevolence stages

or benevolence relationshipsmay explain the different

outcomes.









voile high big fulfill


voile medium medium fulfillvoile medium big fulfill







The Social Tuner Component


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1. Get Coefficient of Benevolent Actions

2. Calculate the Trustees Benevolence

We model benevolence as the trustees attachment toward the truster



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Trustworthiness evaluation function that understands the

stage of the relationship:

benevolence

ability



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So far, the results are very promising!

The Integrity Tuner


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The Integrity Tuner

Get Coefficient of Integrity

Calculate the trustees Integrity

We model integrity as the consistency of past actions and the accordance to what

was established

Evaluation of Our Approach


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Evaluation of Our Approach

We proposed and formalizeddifferent models of partners behavior based

on empirical workin different areas of research.

These models considered different characteristics of trusters and trustees:

Dispositional and mutualistic benevolence, ability, integrity, value of

agreement, satisfaction with partner, value of betrayal,

Publications


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Publications

A. International Journals:

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, Eugnio Oliveira, An Approach to Computational Social Trust,

AICommunications, IOS Press, 2013, accepted February 2013.

Joana Urbano, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Ana Paula Rocha, Eugnio Oliveira (2012), Trust and Normative

Control in Multi-Agent Systems,Advances in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence Journal, Vol. I,

No. 1, July 2012, pp. 43-52.

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, Eugnio Oliveira, A Situation-Aware Computational Trust Model for

Selecting Partners, in N.T. Nguyen (Ed.), Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence V, LNCS 6910,

pp. 84-105, 2011, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.

B. Book chapters:

Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, Antnio J. M. Castro, Eugnio Oliveira (2013).

Chap. 32: ANTE: Agreement Negotiation in Normative and Trust-enabled Environments, in S. Ossowski

(ed.),Agreement Technologies, Law, Governance and Technology Series, Volume 8, Springer, ISBN 978-94-

007-5582-6, pp. 549-564.

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, Eugnio Oliveira (2013). Chap. 23: A Socio-Cognitive Perspective of Trust,

in S. Ossowski (ed.),Agreement Technologies, Law, Governance and Technology Series, Volume 8, Springer,ISBN 978-94-007-5582-6, pp. 419-429.

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, Eugnio Oliveira, Extracting Trustworthiness Tendencies Using the

Frequency Increase Metric, Enterprise Information Systems, LNBIP, 2011, Volume 73, Part 3, 208-221

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha and Eugnio Oliveira. "Trust Evaluation for Reliable Electronic Transactions

between Business Partners", in Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 2012, Volume 98, Part 3,

219-237, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28563-9_12

Publications
http://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/ADCAIJ12.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/ADCAIJ12.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/tcci-69100084.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/tcci-69100084.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/ICEIS-LNBIP-730208.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/ICEIS-LNBIP-730208.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/ICEIS-LNBIP-730208.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/ICEIS-LNBIP-730208.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/tcci-69100084.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/tcci-69100084.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/tcci-69100084.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/tcci-69100084.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/ADCAIJ12.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/ADCAIJ12.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/ADCAIJ12.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/ADCAIJ12.pdf


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Publications

C. International Conferences

Joana Urbano, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Ana Paula Rocha and Eugnio Oliveira. "Trust and Normative

Control in Multi-agent Systems: An Empirical Study", in Highlights on Practical Applications of Agents and

Multi-Agent Systems, Series: Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 2012, Volume 156/2012, 207-

214, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28762-6_25

Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Joana Urbano, Pedro Brando, Ana Paula Rocha and Eugnio Oliveira. "ANTE:

Agreement Negotiation in Normative and Trust-Enabled Environments", in Advances on Practical

Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Series: Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 2012,

Volume 155/2012, 261-264, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28786-2_33

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, Eugnio Oliveira, Dynamic Agents Behavior Model for Computational

Trust. L. Antunes and H.S. Pinto (Eds.): EPIA 2011, LNAI 7026, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 536

550, 2011

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, Eugnio Oliveira, Trust-Based Selection of Partners, C. Huemer and T.

Setzer (Eds.): EC-Web 2011, LNBIP 85, pp. 221232, 2011. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011

Joana Urbano, Henrique Lopes Cardoso, Eugnio Oliveira (2010). Making Electronic Contracting

Operational and Trustworthy, inAdvances in Artificial Intelligence Proceedings of the 12th Ibero-

American Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IBERAMIA 2010), Lecture Notes on Artificial Intelligence V.6433, Springer, ISBN 978-3-642-16951-9, pp. 264-273, Baha Blanca, Argentina, November 1-5, 2010

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, Eugnio Oliveira (2010). "Trustworthiness Tendency Incremental

Extraction Using Information Gain, Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on

Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, Toronto, Canada, 1-3 September, 2010, pp. 411-414.

Publications
http://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/[email protected]://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/[email protected]://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/[email protected]://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/[email protected]://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/EPIA-70260536.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/EPIA-70260536.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/ecweb11.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/iberamia2010-159-final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/iberamia2010-159-final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/IAT10.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/IAT10.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/IAT10.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/IAT10.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/iberamia2010-159-final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/iberamia2010-159-final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/ecweb11.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/ecweb11.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/ecweb11.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/EPIA-70260536.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2011/EPIA-70260536.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/[email protected]://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/[email protected]://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/[email protected]://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/[email protected]://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/[email protected]://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/[email protected]://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/[email protected]://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2012/[email protected]


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Publications

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha and Eugnio Oliveira (2010), "In the Search of Better Deals Using Trust",

proceedings of ECCAI'10 Workshop IAT4EB, pp.25-30, July, Lisboa, Portugal.

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, Eugnio Oliveira (2010). Refining the Trustworthiness Assessment of

Suppliers through Extraction of Stereotypes", 12th International Conference on Enterprise Information

Systems (ICEIS 2010), Funchal, Portugal, 8-12 June 2010, pp. 85-92. BEST PAPER AWARD inTrack "Artificial

Intelligence and Decision Support Systems.

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, Eugnio Oliveira (2010). Trust Estimation Using Contextual Fitness", 4th

International KES Symposium on Agents and Multi-agent SystemsTechnologies and Applications, Gdynia,

Poland 23 - 25 June 2010, LNAI 6070, pp.42-51

Agnieszka Danek, Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, Eugnio Oliveira (2010). Engaging the Dynamics of Trustin Computational Trust and Reputation Systems", 4th International KES Symposium on Agents and Multi-

agent SystemsTechnologies and Applications, Gdynia, Poland 23 - 25 June 2010, LNAI 6070, pp. 22-31

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, Eugnio Oliveira, "A Trust Aggregation Engine that Uses Contextual

Information", EUMAS 2010- 7th European Workshop on Multi-Agent Systems, 12pp., Ayia Napa, Cyprus,

December 2009.

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha and Eugnio Oliveira. "Computing Confidence Values: Does Trust Dynamics

Matter?", in L. Seabra Lopes, N. Lau, P. Mariano & L. M. Rocha (eds.), Progress in Artificial Intelligence

14thPortuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence (EPIA 2009), Springer, ISBN 978-3-642-04685-8, pp. 520-531,

Aveiro, Portugal, October 12-15, 2009.

Joana Urbano, Ana Paula Rocha, and Eugenio Oliveira (2009) "Trust Evaluation for Reliable Electronic

Transactions between Business Partners" in Klaus Fischer, Jorg P. Muller, James Odell, Arne J. Berre (eds.),

Proceedings of The AAMAS09 Workshop on Agent-based Technologies and applications for enterprise

interOPerability, pp. 85-96, Budapest, Hungary, May 12, 2009.

People Working on Trust at LIACC
http://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/ECAI2010_IAT4EB_ws.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/ICEIS10_257.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/ICEIS10_257.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/ams10-103-final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/KES-AMSTA10-final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/KES-AMSTA10-final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2009/EUMAS09-59-Final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2009/EUMAS09-59-Final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2009/trustMasta09.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2009/trustMasta09.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2009/ATOP09_Joana.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2009/ATOP09_Joana.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2009/ATOP09_Joana.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2009/ATOP09_Joana.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2009/trustMasta09.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2009/trustMasta09.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2009/EUMAS09-59-Final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2009/EUMAS09-59-Final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/KES-AMSTA10-final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/KES-AMSTA10-final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/ams10-103-final.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/ICEIS10_257.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/ICEIS10_257.pdfhttp://paginas.fe.up.pt/~niadr/PUBLICATIONS/2010/ECAI2010_IAT4EB_ws.pdf


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People Working on Trust at LIACC

Active:

Joana Urbano (PhD student)

Ana Paula Rocha and Eugnio Oliveira (Coordinators)

Henrique Lopes Cardoso (trust & norms)

Past collaboration:

Agnieszka Danek (3 month grant)

Filipe Silva (MIEIC dissertation)

Srgio Moura (MIEIC dissertation)


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Obrigada!

([email protected])

computational trust

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