computational design - mit opencourseware · 2019-08-15 · history of computation 1930s formal...
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Computational Design
computationalalgorithmic, procedural, generative, rule-based
designmaking, creating designs
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computational design
• exploration
• innovation
• explanation (dynamic)
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parametric design (CATIA)Reading Room: Barrios, Kilian, Morshead
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Shape Grammars
spatial algorithms
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rules
1
2
computation with rules
1 12 2 2
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history of computation
1930s formal theories of computation (Turing, Godel, Church, etc)
1940s first computerneural nets (McCulloch and Pitts)production systems (Post)
1950s parallel computation (von Neuman)cellular automata (Ulam, von Neuman)generative grammars (Chomsky)
1960s evolutionary computationpattern grammars (Fu)
1970s shape grammars (Stiny, Gips)
1980s artificial life (Langton), self-organizing systems
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GENERATIVE GRAMMAR
start symbol: [SENTENCE]
rules: [SENTENCE] → [NOUN PHRASE] [VERB PHRASE][NOUN PHRASE] → [ARTICLE] [NOUN][VERB PHRASE] → [VERB] [NOUN PHRASE][ARTICLE] → an[ARTICLE] → the[NOUN] → architect[NOUN] → engineer[VERB] → met[VERB] → sued
language:
* the engineer met the architect* an architect sued an engineer* the engineer met and architect
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GENERATIVE GRAMMAR
[SENTENCE]
[NOUN PHRASE] [VERB PHRASE]
[ARTICLE] [NOUN] [VERB] [NOUN PHRASE]
[ARTICLE] [NOUN]
an architect sued the engineer
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shape grammar applications
analysis
synthesis (original design)
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→ → → →
Chinese ice-ray shape grammar (Stiny, 1977)
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derivation of an ice-ray design
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Palladian villas(Stiny and Mitchell, 1978)
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The Palladian grammar: enfilade rules
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Japanese tearooms(Knight, 1981)
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Mughul gardens(Stiny and Mitchell, 1980)
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Malagueira housing designs of Alvaro Siza (Jose Duarte)
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rule from Siza grammar
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⇒ ⇒
⇓
⇐
part of a computation in Siza grammar
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new Malagueira houses
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shape grammar applications
analysis
» synthesis
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Froebel building gifts
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spatial relation
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rule
design
rule
design
basic grammars
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shaper2D (Miranda McGill)
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3D architecture form synthesizer (Yufei Wang)
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rule
designs
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rule
QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
designs
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historical museum, San Gimignano, Italy (Randy Brown)
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historical museum, San Gimignano, Italy (Randy Brown)
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→ underlying rule
massing studies
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spatial relation
generated designs
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pier, ocean observatory and education facility, Manhattan Beach, CA (Randy Brown)
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ocean building
derivationrules
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courtyard houses, Malibu, CA (Jin-Ho Park)
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courtyard house possibilities
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apartment house complex (Murat Sanal)
underlying shape rules
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variations
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elementary school complex, Los Angeles (Michael Brown)
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elementary school complex, Los Angeles (Michael Brown)
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cultural history museum, Los Angeles (Jin-Ho Park)
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1st floor
hillside townhouses (Gabriela Celani)
2nd floor
4th floor3rd floor
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memorial to mining workers (Michael Wilcox)
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memorial to mining workers (Michael Wilcox)
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subway station, MIT campus (Gane, Gichuhi,Tian)
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urban housing development, Habana, Cuba(Daniel Bonham)
d→
d
→
d
→A B
C D → d
initial shape rules
subtle grammar
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subtle grammar: some generated designs