compromising with evil · inde: commonly searched words and phrases e. reeves ... juba (central...

COMPROMISING WITH EVIL

INDEXCommonly Searched Terms

An Archival History of Greater Sudan, 2007 – 2012

Eric Reeves Madeline Zehnder, research and editing

COMPROMISING WITH EVIL: An Archival History of Greater Sudan, 2007 – 2012

INDEX: Commonly Searched Words and Phrases

E. Reeves

Index/text searching

This text has no formal index per se, but each of the PDF sections and annexes may be searched individually by word or phrase. What appears below are some of the key terms of reference that have defined the various parts of this text. Some appear in many, if not all, sections; some appear only in one or two or three parts.

To Search within an Acrobat PDF: Open PDF. Click Control + F (Command + F –MAC). Search features can also be found under the EDIT menu. Labeled “Find”.

Where an organization or agreement has an acronym (e.g., UNHCR, UN High Commis-sionfor Refugees), the acronym and the full term are paired. Many acronyms are used more frequently in a text than the full name (e.g., CPA for Comprehensive Peace Agree-ment)—hence the acronym will often be more useful for searching purposes.

Only European and American hemisphere names are ordered with last name first; there are too many variations in name order and transliteration for many Arab, African, and Asian names, and these are ordered by first letter of first name to be included (full names and titles typically follow in parentheses).

Of course, any name, word, or phrase may be searched for, whether or not it appears on this list, and may be searched as well in the much larger archives of my website (www.sudanreeves.org).

See also the list of acronyms, names for humanitarian organizations, political and military actors, geographical references, and signed agreements (following Preface).

A short (and partial) gallery of photographs of Sudanese leaders follows.

aballa (camel-herding nomadic tribal groups)Abdel Aziz el-Hilu (SPLA/M-N)Abdel Wahid el-Nur (leader of SLA/AW faction)Abéché (major town in Eastern Chad)abid (Arabic for “slave”; a racial slur)Abuja (Nigeria)Abu Shouk camp (el-Fasher, North Darfur)Abu Suruj camp (West Darfur)Abu Tira (Central Reserve Police)Abyei (contested region north of Warrap State)Abyei Boundaries Commission (ABC)Abyei townAction Against Hunger (Action contre la faim) (ACF)aerial attacksAdam Hamid Musa (SAF Major General)Addis Ababa Peace Agreement (1972)Addis Ababa (capital of Ethiopia, headquarters of the African Union)Aegis Trust (UK)AfghanistanAfrica ConfidentialAfrican (non-Arab)African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies (ACJPS)African Union High-Level Panel on Darfur

http://sudanereeves.org



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African Union High-Level Implementation Panel (AUHIP—no longer in Darfur)African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS)African Union Peace and Security Council (AU PSC)Agence France-Presse (AFP)Agok (Warrap State)Ahmad Khamis (SAF Major General)Aide Médicale InternationaleAlfred Taban (prominent Sudanese journalist)Ali Kushayb (prominent Janjaweed leader; indicted by ICC)Amal Center (for the Treatment of Victims of Torture, Nyala)Ameerah Haq (former UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Sudan)Amnesty InternationalAndudu Adam Elnail (Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of Kadugli)anti-personnel landminesAntonov (Russian-built cargo plane, used for civilian bombings)ArabArab GatheringArab LeagueArab militias“Arab Spring”Arabicarmored personnel carriers (APC)arms embargoAshworth, John (regional Sudan expert)Asmara (capital of Eritrea)asset strippingAssociated Press (AP)atrocity crimesAwad Ibn Auf (SAF General)Aweil (Northern Bahr el-Ghazal)Baggara (Arab cattle nomads)Bahr el-Arab River (also River Kiir)Bakri Salih (SAF Major General)Ban Ki-moon (UN Secretary-General)al-Bashir (Field Marshal and President Omar Hassan Ahmed al-Bashir)Barnaba Marial Benjamin (spokesman for the Government of South Sudan)BBCBeja CongressBenn, Hilary (former UK Secretary of State for International Development)Bentiu (capital of Unity State)BergidBloomberg NewsBlue Nilebody bagsBoing (Upper Nile)BombingBor (Jonglei State)border demarcation, border delineationBorder Intelligence Brigade (also Border Intelligence Guards)Boyette, RyanBrazilBrennan, John (senior counter-terrorism official in Obama administration NSC)Brookings InstitutionBürgenstock (Switzerland) (site of negotiated ceasefire for the Nuba, 2002)Burum (South Kordofan)Burr, Millard



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Bush, George W. (former president of the U.S.)Cairo (capital of Egypt)CanadaCAREcar-jackingsCarisch, Enrico (Switzerland, former member of UN Panel of Experts on Darfur)Carter CenterCarter, Jimmy (former U.S. President and head of the Carter Center)Catena, TomCentral African Republic (CAR)Central EquatoriaCentral Intelligence Agency (CIA)Central Reserve Police (CRP)censusChad (eastern Chad is immediately to the west of Darfur)Chapter VII authority (UN Charter)Charpentier, Georg (former UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Sudan)chemical weaponsChinaChina National Petroleum Corp. (CNCP)CholeraChristianChristian Science MonitorCivilian Protection Monitoring Team (CPMT)Clinton, Hillary (U.S. Secretary of State)cluster bombsCoalition for International JusticeCollins, RobertComprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA)Condominium Rule (Britain and Egypt)“conflict-affected persons”crimes against humanityCrude Mortality Rate (CMR)Cycmanick, Chris (UNAMID spokesman)Daily Star (Lebanon)DajoDak Dop Bishok (brutal military figure in Upper Nile)Dallaire, Lt. General (Ret.) Roméo (UN commander of UNAMIR, 1993-94)Damazin (Blue Nile)Danforth, John (former special envoy for Sudan)Danish Church Aid (DCA)dar (roughly “homeland,” e.g., Dar Massalit or Dar Fur)DarfurDarfur Humanitarian Profiles (produced by UN OCHA through January 1, 2009)Darfur Peace Agreement (Abuja, Nigeria; May 2006) (DPA)Darfurian VoicesDarfuri civil societyDarfurisDavid Yau Yau (especially dangerous renegade militia leader in Jonglei)“de-coupling” (of Darfur from U.S. Sudan policy)Delami (South Kordofan)demilitarized buffer zoneDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC)Deng Alor (senior SPLA member, Minister for Cabinet Affairs)depressionDeribat (Jebel Marra)



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De Waal, Alex (adviser to African Union mediation efforts on Darfur)DiarrheaDiffra oil well-site in HegligDigitalGlobe (satellite reconnaissance firm, Colorado)Dilling (South Kordofan)Dinka (also, Dinka Ngok, Dinka Panaruu)Djbril Ibrahim (current leader of JEM)Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) National sections: Switzerland, Spain, Belgium

(the largest sections—France and Holland—expelled March 4, 2009)Doha (capital of Qatar)Doha Document for Peace in Darfur Peace Agreement (DDPD)Doro (Upper Nile)Eastern EquatoriaEastern FrontEd Daein (South Darfur)Egeland, Jan (former UN Under-secretary for Humanitarian Affairs)EgyptEliasson, Jan (Deputy Secretary General of the UN; former special representative to Darfur)emergency threshold (for mortality and for malnutrition)Enough Project (Washington, DC)EquatorianEritreaEthiopia“ethnic cleansing”European Union (EU)European Parliamentexpulsion of humanitarian organizations (March 4, 2009 and other occasions)Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWSNet)el-Fasher (North Darfur)Farchana (refugee camp in eastern Sudan)fatwael-Feid (al-Rashad Locality, Nuba Mountains)FEWSNetFirka (Raja County, Western Bahr el-Ghazal)flight banFlint, Julie (Sudan expert, with particular knowledge of Darfur and the Nuba)food insecurityForeign PolicyFormed Police Units (FPU)Foro Banga (North Darfur)FranceFriends of IGADFurThe Guardian (UK)Gedarif State (northern Sudan)Geertz, Clifford (anthropologist, author of The Interpretation of Culture)gender-based violence (GBV)el-Geneina (West Darfur)general food distributionGeneva Conventionsgénocidairegenocide“genocide by attrition”Genocide WatchGeorge Athor (renegade militia leader and former SPLA general; now deceased)



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Georgieva, Kristalina (European Commissioner for International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response)

Gereida (South Darfur)GermanyGettleman, Jeffrey (correspondent, NYT)Ghandour (Ibrahim Ghandour, secretary for political affairs of the NIF/NCP)Ghazi (Ghazi Salah el-Din Atabani, senior NIF/NCP member with a wide portfolio)ghost housesGirifnaGlobe and Mail (Canada)Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM)GOAL (Ireland)Gogrial (Warrap State)Gok Machar (Northern Bahr el-Ghazal)“Gosh” (SAF General Salah Abdallah “Gosh,” former head of NISS)Government of National Unity (GNU)Government of South Sudan (GOSS)Government of Sudan (GOS)Gramizzi, Claudio (former member of the UN Panel of Experts for Darfur)Gration, Scott (former U.S. special envoy for Sudan)Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company (GNPOC)Guéhenno, Jean ( former head of UN Peacekeeping)Guffa (Upper Nile)Guido camp (near Garsila, West Darfur)Gutbi al-Mahdi Mohamed (long-time and senior NIF/NCP member; former director of NISS)Guterres, Antonio (former UN High Commissioner for Refugees)Haile Menkerios (special rep. of the UN Secretary-General to greater Sudan)Haj Ahmed Algaily Ahmed (SAF General)HamasHamesh Koreib (Kassala State)Haroun (Ahmed Mohamed Haroun Adam, currently governor of South Kordofan; indicted by ICC)Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (HHI)Haskanita (North Darfur)“heavy support package” (for AMIS, as it converted to UNAMID)Heiban (South Kordofan)Heglig/Panthou (lies in disputed border)Helicopters, helicopter gunshipHollandHolmes, John (former UN Under-secretary for Humanitarian Affairs)hududHumanitarian Aid Commission (Khartoum) (HAC)Humanitarian Aid Relief Trust (HART, UK)Human Rights and Advocacy Network for Democracy (HAND)Human Rights FirstHuman Rights Watch (HRW)hunger gapHussein (SAF General and Defense Minister Abdel Rahim Mohamed Hussein, indicted by ICC)“hybrid” (UN/African Union)hygiene-preventableHyper-inflationIbrahim Gambari, joint special representative of the AU and UN to UNAMIDIdriss Déby (President of Chad)The Independent (UK)infant mortalityIndiaInstitute of War and Peace Reporting (IWPR)



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Internal Displacement Monitoring CentreIntergovernmental Authority for Development (IGAD, formerly IGADD)Interim Period (specified in CPA)Internally Displaced Person (IDP)International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)International Criminal Court (ICC)International Crisis Group (Brussels) (ICG)International Monetary Fund (IMF)international non-governmental organization (INGO)International Organization for Migration (intergovernmental) (IOM)International Rescue Committee (IRC)Iran, long-range Iranian missilesIraqIsaias Afwerki (president of Eritrea)IslamIslamistIsmail (Mustafa Osman Ismail, long-time NIF/NCP member, former Minister of Foreign Affairs)Ismat Abdel Rahman al-Zain (SAF Lt. General)IsraelJahlak (camp) (Upper Nile)Jamam refugee camp (Upper Nile)Janjaweed (also: janjaweed, janjawiid, janjewiit, and other transliterations)January 1, 1956January 9, 2005January 9, 2011JapanJau/Jaw (Unity State)al-Jazeera (English)Jean Ping (former head of African Union PSC)Jebel Marra (straddles three Darfur states)Jebel Mun (West Darfur)Jebel Si (North Darfur)jihadJohn Garang (charismatic leader of the SPLA/M from 1983 until his death in July 2005)Johnson Olonyi (renegade militia commander in Upper Nile)Johnson, Douglas (historian of Sudan)Johnson, Hilde (UN head of mission in South Sudan)Jonglei StateJuba (Central Equatoria, capital of South Sudan)“Juba Arabic”July 9, 2005July 9, 2011Justice and Equality Movement (JEM)Kadugli (South Kordofan)Kafia Kingi (Western Bahr el-Ghazal)Kajo Keiji (Central Equatoria)Kakuma (Kenya)KalashnikovKalma camp (Nyala, South Darfur)Kampala (capital of Uganda)Kapila, Mukesh (former Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Sudan; resigned in 2004)Kapoeta (Eastern Equatoria)Karen Tchalian (commander of UNMIS forces in Kadugli in June 2011)Karti (Foreign Minister Ali Ahmed Karti)Kass (North Darfur)Kassab camp (North Darfur)



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Kassala State (northern Sudan)Kastberg, Nils (UNICEF, Darfur)Kauda (Nuba Mountains)Kebkabiya (North Darfur)KenyaKhalil Ibrahim (former leader of JEM)Khartoum (Khartoum State, capital of Sudan)Khor Abeche (South Darfur)kidnappingKiir Adem (Northern Bahr el-Ghazal)Kishore Mahbubani (Singapore, former representative to UN Security Council)Kofi Annan (former UN Secretary General; head of UN Peacekeeping during Rwanda genocide)Kosti (White Nile State)Kristof, Nicholas (correspondent NYT)Kurmuk (Blue Nile)Kutum (North Darfur)Kerry, Senator JohnKyung-wha Kang (UN Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights)Lakes StateLam AkolThe Lancet (UK medical journal)Ladsous, Hevré (UN Under-secretary for Peacekeeping)lean seasonLemkin, Raphael (Polish linguist who coined the term “genocide” and was the major force in securing UN

ratification of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide)Le Roy, Alain (former head of UN Peacekeeping)Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM)Libya“light support package” (to AMIS as it converted to UNAMID)Lokichokio (Kenya)Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA)Los Angeles TimesLui (Western Equatoria)Luka Biong (former Minister of Cabinet Affairs in the Government of South Sudan)Lusk, Gillian (Associate Editor, Africa Confidential)Lyman, Princeton (U.S. special envoy for Sudan)Mabaan (Upper Nile)Machakos Protocol (July 2002)Mahjoub Abdallah Sharfi (SAF Major General)Malakal (Upper Nile)MalariaMaliMalaysiaMalik Agaar (former governor of Blue Nile, senior SPLM/A-N leader)Martin Luther Agwai (former force commander of UNAMID)Mashood Adebayo Baderin (UN “expert on human rights in Sudan”)MassalitMcClatchey NewsMcDoom, Opheera (correspondent Reuters)measlesMédecins du MondeMeles Zenawi (former president of Ethiopia)Mellit (North Darfur)Mendez, Juan (former special advisor to the Secretary General on prevention of genocide)meningitisMercy Corps



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Merowe (Nile dam site) (Northern State)Mershing camp (South Darfur)Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC, malnutrition measure)MiG-29 fighter jetMilitary IntelligenceMinni Minawi (leader of SLA/MM faction)al-Mirgani (Mohammed Osman al-Mirghani, leader of DUP)MisseriyaMohamed Ahmed Eisa, Dr. (former director of Amal Center for Treatment of Torture, Nyala)moral equivalenceMoreno-Ocampo, Luis (former prosecutor, ICC)Mornei camp (West Darfur)MortalityMuamar Gadaffi (former strongman leader of Libya)Muhajeriya (South Darfur)mujahideenMukjar (West Darfur)multiple rocket launchers (MRL)Mundri, Western EquatoriaMurle (non-Nilotic tribal group in South; tense ethnic clashes with Lou Nuer)Musa Hilal (leading Janjaweed figure)MuslimNafi’e (Nafi’e Ali Nafi’e, long-time senior NIF/NCP official)Naivasha (Kenya)Nathan, Laurie (Sudan scholar)Nairobi (capital of Kenya)National Congress Party (NCP)National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS)National Islamic Front (NIF)National Islamic Front/National Congress Party (NIF/NCP)NATONatsios, Andrew (former U.S. special envoy for Sudan)Navi Pillay (UN High Commissioner for Human Rights)N’Djamena (capital of Chad)NepalNertiti (West Darfur)The New Republic“New Strategy for Darfur”New York Times (NYT)“New Sudan”Nhial Deng (Foreign Minister, Government of South Sudan)NigerNigeriaNile River (White Nile River, Blue Nile River)NiloticNimeiri (Ja’afar Mohamed Nimeiri, former president of Sudan)non-Arab (African)non-food items (NFI)non-governmental organization (NGO)North DarfurNorthern Bahr el-GhazalNorwayNorwegian People’s Aid (NPA)Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC)Nuba (broad tribal group)Nuba Mountains (South Kordofan)



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Nubia (northern Sudan)Nuer (Nilotic tribal group)Nyala (South Darfur)Nyuru (West Darfur)Obama, Barack (U.S. President)el-Obeid (Northern Kordofan)Oil and Natural Gas Company of India (ONG)oil revenues, oil revenue-sharingoil transit feesomdaOmdurman (Khartoum State)Organization of Islamic ConferenceOsama bin Laden (leader of al-Qaeda)Otash (camp) (Nyala, South Darfur)Ottawa Treaty (banning use of anti-personnel landmines)Oure Cassoni (refugee camp in eastern Chad)OxfamPanthou/Heglig (lies in disputed border area)Pagan Amum (senior negotiator for SPLM/GOSS)Permanent Court of Arbitration (The Hague) (PCA)Peter Gadet (former renegade militia leader, temporarily with the SPLA)Petrodar Consortium (eastern region)Petronas (Malaysia)Pibor (Jonglei State)Physicians for Human Rights (Cambridge, MA) (PHR)Polgreen, Lydia (correspondent NYT)polio“popular consultations”Popular Defense Forces (PDF)Port Sudan (Red Sea State)Prendergast, John (co-founder of Enough Project)Pronk, Jan (UN special envoy to Sudan, resigned in 2006)al-QaedaQatarRadio Dabangarainy seasonRaja County (Western Bahr el-Ghazal)Ramadanrape, gang-rapeRashaida Free LionsRebel/Renegade Militia Groups (RMG)Red Sea StaterefugeesRefugees International (Washington) (RI)regime changeRenk (Upper Nile)Reporters Without BordersRepublic of South Sudan (RSS)“responsibility to protect” (R2P)ReutersRice, Susan (US Ambassador to the United Nations)Riek Machar (Vice-President, GOSS)Rift Valley Institute (Nairobi) (RVI)Rizeigat (Arab tribal group)River Kiir (also Bahr el-Arab River)Rocket Propelled Grenades (RPG)



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Rodolphe Adada (former special joint UN/AU representative to UNAMID)Rome StatuteRubkona (Unity State)Rumbek (Lakes State)RussiaRwandaSachs, Jeffrey (senior economic advisor to UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon)Salih Mahmoud Osman (Sudanese winner of the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, 2007)Salva Kiir (President of the Government of South Sudan)Samaritan’s Purse (SP)Satellite Sentinel Project (SSP)satellite surveillanceSaudi ArabiaSave the Children (SC) (US, UK, and Swedish sections)secessionSeisi (El-Tigani Ateem Seisi, leader of LJM, former governor of Darfur)self-determination referendum (South Sudan and Abyei)SenegalSevere Acute Malnutrition (SAM)sexual violenceShangil Tobya (North Darfur)shariasheikhShillukSiddig al-Mahdi (Al-Sadiq Siddig al-Mahdi, former prime minister of Sudan, 1986-89)da Silva, Manuel Aranda (former Humanitarian and Resident Coordinator for UN/Sudan)Simon Gatwick (Major General, South Sudan)Sirba (West Darfur)Sirte (Libya)Sisi camp (Kerenek locality, West Darfur)Small Arms Survey (Geneva) (SAS)Smith, Dane (U.S. special representative for Darfur)Smith, James (Aegis Trust)Sobat River (Jonglei)SolidaritésSouth AfricaSouth DarfurSouth KordofanSouth Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM)SpainStatus of Forces Agreement (Darfur) (SOFA)Suleiman Jamous (JEM)Suliman Baldo (Sudanese academic and human rights advocate)Sudan Armed Forces (SAF)Sudan Liberation Army (SLA)Sudan Media Center (SMC)Sudan News Agency (SUNA)Sudan Organization Against Torture (SOAT)Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA)Sudan People’s Liberation MovementSudan People’s Liberation Movement-Democratic Change, Lam Akol/Khartoum allianceSudan Red Crescent SocietySudan People’s Liberation Army-North (SPLA-N)Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF)Sudan Social Development Organization (SUDO)Sudan Tribune



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Sudan VisionSudanese Pound (northern currency)Sudanese Red Crescent Society (SRCS)Sukhoi-25 fighter jetSUNA (Sudan News Agency)Supplementary Feeding Centers (SFC)al-Sawarmi (al-Sawarmi Khalid Sa’ad, SAF military spokesman)Tabarat (North Darfur)Tabit (North Darfur)Taha (Ali Osman Mohamed Taha, long-time NIF/NCP official, Vice-President)Talisman Energy (Canada)Talodi (South Kordofan)Tanner, VictorTawila (North Darfur)terrorismThabo Mbeki (head of the African Union High-Level Implementation Panel)ThailandTherapeutic Feeding Centers (TFC)“thick description”Tillo (outside Kadugli)Timsaha (Raja County)Tishwin (Unity State)Torit (Eastern Equatoria)Toronto StarTortureTrafiguraTripoli (capital of Libya)Tubiana, Jérôme (former member of the UN Panel of Experts on Darfur)Tunjural-Turabi (Hassan Abdullah al-Turabi, NIF ideologue, partially side-lined in 1999)Turelei (Warrap State)UgandaUm Dukhum (West Darfur)UN/African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID)UN Assistance Mission in Rwanda (UNAMIR)UN Commission of InquiryUN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948)UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UN DPKO)UN Development Program (UNDP)UN Food and Agriculture Organization (UNFAO)UN Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS)UN High Commission for Human Rights (Geneva) (UNHCHR)UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR)UN Human Rights CouncilUN Integrated Regional Information Networks (UN IRIN)UN International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)UN Joint Logistics CenterUnited Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT)UN Mission in Sudan (UNMIS)UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS)UN News CentreUN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA, also OCHA)UN Panel of Experts on DarfurUN Security Council Resolutions:15561591



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15931674170617692046UN World Food Program (Rome) (UN WFP, also WFP)UN World Health Organization (UN WHO, also WHO)UN World Summit (September 2005)U.S. Agency for International (USAID)U.S. Committee for RefugeesU.S. Institute of PeaceU.S. State DepartmentUnity StateUpper NileValerie Amos (UN Under-secretary for Humanitarian Affairs)Voice of America (VOA)Wadi Saleh (West Darfur)Warrap StateWashington, DCWashington Postwater-borne diseasesWatSan (water and sanitation)WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene)Wau (Western Bahr el-Ghazal)Western Bahr el-GhazalWestern EquatoriaWest DarfurWestern Upper NileWilliamson, Richard (former special envoy for Sudan)Winter, Roger (former special assistant for Sudan)World BankWorld Organization Against Torture (OMCT)WS-2 (Wei Shi) multi-launch rockets system (Chinese, used by SAF in the Nuba)Yafta (Upper Nile)Yambio (Western Equatoria)Yasir Arman (secretary general of the SPLM/A-North)Yei (Central Equatoria)Yida refugee camp (Unity State)Yoweri Museveni (President of Uganda)Yusef Kuwa (great leader of the Nuba people during the extermination campaign of the 1990s)ZaghawaZalingei (West Darfur)Zam Zam (camp) (el-Fasher, North Darfur)ZionistZoellick, Robert (former Deputy Secretary of State)zurga (common racial epithet)



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Darfuri leaders

Photography credit: Eric Reeves

Dr. Mohamed Ahmed Eise, former direc-tor of the Amal Center for the Treatment of and Rehabilitation of Survivors of Torture in Nyala, South Darfur

Suleiman Jamous, humanitarian coordinator for the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM)

Leaders from South Sudan and the marginalized regions(Photography credits: Eric Reeves, Government of South Sudan, United Nations, Enough Project, SudanMedia Center [Khartoum], public domain, unknown)

Photography credit: Eric Reeves

John Garang, Nairobi 2003—Former powerful and charismatic leader of the SPLA/M; his death in July 2005 likely ended any chance that the CPA would be fully implemented



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Photography credit: Government of South Sudan

Salva Kiir, President of the Govern-ment of South Sudan; he has led South Sudan through seven of the most difficult years in its history; he has not received adequate support from a number of senior SPLM officials

Photography credit: Enough Project

Luka Biong Deng, former Minister for Presidential Affairs in the Gov-ernment of South Sudan, chief Southern representative of the Abyei Joint Oversight Com-mittee

Yusef Kuwa, former leader of the SPLM/A in the Nuba Mountains; one of the great men to emerge from the terrible years of civil war

Abdel Aziz el-Hilu, commander of the SPLA-North in the Nuba



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Malik Agar, former governor of Blue Nile, formerly governor of Blue Nile and power-ful leader within the SPLA/M, he is now equally powerful as a leader of the SPLA/M-North

Nhial Deng Nhial, Foreign Minister of the Government of South Sudan

Yasir Arman, Secretary-General SPLM/A-North

Samson Kwaje, a good man and former spokesman for the SPLM; he is much missed.



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Pagan Amum, South Sudan’s lead nego-tiator, A key member of the SPLA/M and in Au-gust/September led the negotiations with Khartoum over oil revenues

Jok Madut Jok, founder and executive director of the Marol School (Warrap State, South Sudan) and Undersecretary for the Ministry of Culture, Government of South Sudan; it will be people like Jok who determine the future of South Sudan

Leaders of the National Islamic Front/National Congress Party

President and Field Marshal Omar al-Bashir, indicted for genocide and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court

General Abdel Rahim Mohamed Husse-in, Defense Minister and former Min-ister of the Interior; indicted by the ICC for war crimes and crimes against humanity



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Vice President Ali Osman Taha, chief negotiator for the NIF/NCP during Naivasha peace talks Viewed by some as a “mod-erate” within the regime, he is in fact simply more pragmatic about achieving the Islamist and Arabi-zing agenda. Taha play a major role in the Darfur genocide and was part of the NIF/NCP assassina-tion attempt on Hosni Mubarak in Addis Ababa (1995)

General Salah Abdallah “Gosh”—for-mer powerful head of the intelligence and security services and an exceptionally brutal man

Nafi’e Ali Nafi’e long-time senior presiden-tial adviser and power broker; until the events of 2011, one of the very most powerful members of the NIF/NCP

Ghazi Salah el-Din Atabani, senior NIF/NCP member who has taken on at various times a wide range of portfolios



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Gutbi al-Mahdi Mohamed, political secre-tary (politburo chief) and longtime senior member of NIF/NCP

Ali Ahmed Karti—long-time NIF/NCP stalwart; now Foreign Minister; headed the PDF during the civil war.

Islamist ideologue and mastermind of the 1989 coup, Hassan al-Turabi was only partially sidelined by the NIF/NCP leadership in 1999. He remains a force to be reckoned with

UN/African Union representative to UNAMID Ibrahim Gambari, with NIF/NCP Presi-dent Omar al-Bashir, now indicted for crimes against humanity and genocide. Here photographed smiling with President al-Bashir at the wedding of the daughter of notorious Janja-weed leader Musa Hilal to President Idriss Déby of Chad. A revealing episode….

Musal Hilal, the most notorious and brutally destructive Janjaweed leader. Responsible for tens of thousands of deaths, he is also author of a now infamous memorandum urging that the “demog-raphy of Darfur be changed” and that it be “emp-tied of African tribal groups”



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Ali Kushayb, “colonel of colonels” within the Janjaweed charged by the ICC with war crimes and crimes against humanity

Ahmed Haroun, governor South Kordofan and former State Minister for the Interior during the worst years of the Darfur genocide. He has been indicted by the ICC for war crimes and crimes against humanity; his actions as governor of South Kordofan have been no less brutal or destructive

A rare photograph of General Bakri Salih, for-mer Defense Minister. He is now senior minister for presidential affairs; very influential in current political environment.



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The United Nations has no qualms about dealing with the Khartoum regime. Despite the ICC indictments of senior members of that regime, Ban Ki-moon hap-pily accepts the diplomatic credentials of Khartoum’s new UN ambassador

Photography credit: United Nations

Field Marshal al-Bashir and General Hussein are in appropriate attire for celebrating their continuing tyranny and mili-tary ambitions

compromising with evil · inde: commonly searched words and phrases e. reeves ... juba (central...

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