COMPROMISECauses of the Civil War 3.01

Missouri Compromise• Added Maine as a free state and

Missouri as a slave state• Split the Louisiana Territory

along the 36º 30’ parrallel• North of line – slavery

prohibited• South of line – slavery permitted

MISSOURI COMPROMISE LINE

Nat Turner’s Rebellion• Led a slave rebellion• Increased white Southern fears

about slave rebellions• Silenced southern abolitionists• SOUTHERN REACTION:

– Immediate retaliation killing over 200 innocent slaves

–Led to harsh fugitive slave laws

Harriet Tubman• Most famous conductor of the

Underground Railroad• Former slave, who led over 300 slaves

to freedom• UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

–Loose network of whites and free blacks in the South that assisted runaway slaves to freedom in the North

Mexican War 1848• U.S. pays 15 million dollars for

California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming

• ISSUE of tension – should slavery be allowed in these territories?

Compromise of 1850• Admitted California as a free state,

while southwestern territories from Mexico could decide on their own

• Banned the slave trade (NOT slavery itself) in the Distict of Columbia

• Fugitive Slave Act – required free states to assist in capturing runaway slaves

Fugitive Slave Act• Passed in 1850• Only had to point out a former slave, they could not defend themselves

• No right to trial• Judge was paid $10 if his decision was in favor of the slaveholder

• Refusal of cooperation would mean jail or fine for helping runaway slaves

• Many freed African Americans taken

• Further supported the Underground Railroad

Harriet Beecher Stowe• Author of

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Gained support for the Abolitionist Movement

Kansas-Nebraska Act• Popular sovereignty – the residents

of a territory vote to decide an issue (in this case slavery)

• “Bleeding Kansas” – Kansas & Nebraska were granted popular sovereignty–RESULT - violence between pro –

and anti – slavery groups

Kansas-Nebraska Act• Repealed the

Missouri Compromise line

• Led to the birth of the anti-slavery Republican Party

“Bleeding Kansas”• Kansas-Nebraska Act was barely passed in 1855

• Missourians flooded Kansas territory with slaveholders and they elected a pro-slavery legislature–Their constitution was known as the Lecompton Constitution

• Abolitionists funded settlers to move into the area and they made their own constitution

• Pro-slavery settlers attacked the anti-slavery towns—this was known as “Bleeding Kansas”–200 were killed–Caused $2 million in damage

• Kansas was entered as a free state

Caning of Charles Sumner• Congressman Preston Brooks beat

Senator Charles Sumner with his cane

• Brooks claimed he was defending his uncle a pro-slavery senator from South Carolina

• Violence in the senate represents the tension between the North and South

Dred Scott Case – 1856• Dred Scott – slave from Missouri• Owner took Scott above the

Missouri Compromise line into free territory

• When his owner died Scott filed a lawsuit claiming his freedom because he had lived in a free territory for several years

Dred Scott Decision – 1856• Supreme Court ruled that slaves did

not have the rights of citizens (SLAVES = PROPERTY)–Therefore…

• Missouri Compromise line was illegal because it restricted the property rights of southerners

• Supreme Court has cleared the way fro the expansion of slavery

Republican Party Emerges

• Many who opposed the extension of slavery were outraged when the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise

• This anger caused many former Whigs, members of the Free Soil Party, and a few anti-slavery Democrats to work together during the congressional elections of 1854

• These coalitions took many different names but the most popular was the Republican Party

• The party was officially organized at a convention in Michigan in July 1854

Lincoln – Douglas Debates• 1858 Senate race in Illinois• Douglas

–Supported popular sovereignty, allowing residents of a territory to decide the issue of slavery

• Lincoln–A house divided (half free, half slave)

cannont stand”

DOUGLAS WON THE SENATE ELECTION…

John Brown’s Raid• GOAL - seize the federal

arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, give the weapons to slave and start a general slave uprising

• RESULT – unsuccessful, tried and hung for treason–Became a symbol of

FREEDOM

Election of 1860Candidate Party View on Slavery

Abraham Lincoln

Republican Opposed the spread of slavery

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Pro slavery

Stephen Douglas

Northern Democrat

Popular sovereignty

John Bell Constitutional Union

Ignored the issue

1860

Abraham Lincoln is

elected PRESIDENT

Election of 1860• IMMEDIATE RESULT =

SOUTHERN STATES SECEDED (left) FROM THE UNION… LED BY

SOUTH CAROLINA