compression / driver selection and strategy … marybethmcbain km.pdfcp = compressor package...
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
Compression / Driver Selection and Strategy Roundtable
Gas Electric Partnership 2018
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
Kinder Morgan –Compression Fleet as a Company
• Includes gathering, midstream, and transmission mainline compressor units from 1945 – current.
• Over 2000 units currently online and operating
• Over 5000 MW of compression available.
• Around 600 units offline and still active throughout U.S.
• Distribution includes low and high speed reciprocating units, turbine-driven centrifugal units and electric motor driven compression.
• Horsepower breakdown: Approx. 45% turbines, 45% reciprocating engines at a 2:1 LS /HS ratio, 10% electric motor driven units.
143332
900
645
Kinder Morgan Compression –by type
Electric Motor
Turbines
Low SpeedRecips
High SpeedRecips
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
Kinder Morgan Natural Gas Pipelines
• Major intrastate pipelines include: • TGPL• NGPL• SNG• EPNG• CIG
• Other interstate / gathering and midstream systems include: • KM Tejas• KM Texas
(Midstream)• Copano• Hiland Partners• ScissorTail Energy
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
Natural Gas Pipeline Company (Chicago area to Texas / Louisiana)
NGPL Compression: HP Breakdown
ElectricMotor
GasTurbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
0 50 100 150 200
ElectricMotor
GasTurbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
Number of Mainline Units
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
Tennessee Gas Pipeline System(NE US to Texas / Louisiana, three parallel lines)
0 200 400 600
Electric Motor
Gas Turbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
Number of Mainline Units
TGPL Compression: HP Breakdown
ElectricMotor
GasTurbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
Colorado Interstate Gas Company (Colorado outward to WY, TX, UT, KS)
CIG Compression: HP Breakdown
ElectricMotor
GasTurbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
0 25 50 75 100
ElectricMotor
Gas Turbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
Number of Mainline Units
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
El Paso Natural Gas Company (Legacy El Paso from West Tx to California)
EPNG Compression: HP Breakdown
ElectricMotorGasTurbineLS Recip
HSRecip
0 100 200 300
Electri…
Gas…
LS…
HS…
Number of Mainline Units
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
Southern Natural Gas System(FL & GA to Texas )
SNG Compression:HP Breakdown
ElectricMotor
GasTurbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
0 50 100 150 200
Electric…
Gas…
LS Recip
HS Recip
Number of Mainline Units
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
Kinder Morgan Compressors –Historical Perspective
0 200 400 600
Electric Motor
Gas Turbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
Number of Mainline Units
TGPL Compression: HP Breakdown
ElectricMotor
GasTurbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
NGPL Compression: HP Breakdown
ElectricMotor
GasTurbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
0 50 100 150 200
ElectricMotor
GasTurbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
Number of Mainline Units
EPNG Compression: HP Breakdown
ElectricMotorGasTurbineLS Recip
HSRecip
0 100 200 300
Electri…
Gas…
LS…
HS…
Number of Mainline Units
CIG Compression: HP Breakdown
ElectricMotor
GasTurbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
0 25 50 75 100
ElectricMotor
Gas Turbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
Number of Mainline Units
SNG Compression:HP Breakdown
ElectricMotor
GasTurbine
LS Recip
HS Recip
0 50 100 150 200
Electric…
Gas…
LS Recip
HS Recip
Number of Mainline Units
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
Efficiency Still Matters !*Because it affects both fuel and available HP*
𝐻𝑃𝑖𝑛 ≥ ሶ𝑚 ∗ ∆ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 ∗1
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙= 𝜌 ∗ 𝑄 ∗ ∆ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 ∗
1
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ ∗ 𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 ∗ 𝑛𝑐𝑝
h mech = Mechanical efficiency of converting power from driver to compressor, will be 0.90-0.98, depending upon age of engine / motor and gearbox / coupling combinationh isen = Isentropic efficiency of compression, governed by compressor design, large range from 0.65-0.88.
𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 =ℎ2𝑠 − ℎ1
ℎ2𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 − ℎ1
h cp = Compressor package efficiency = 0.90-0.98, affects recips more than centrifugals because of valve losses and pulsation control system
Example of combined efficiency (new centrifugal):hmech = 0.98
hisen = 0.87
hcp = 0.98
htotal = 0.98*.87*.98 = 0.83
Example of new reciprocating compressor:hmech = 0.95
hisen = 0.87
hcp = 0.93
htotal = 0.95*.87*.93= 0.76
Example of combined efficiency (older centrifugal, change in operating conditions):hmech = 0.98
hisen = 0.75
hcp = 0.97
htotal = 0.98*.75*.97 = 0.71 (12% less!)
Example of older reciprocating compressor:hmech = 0.93
hisen = 0.72
hcp = 0.90
htotal = 0.93*.72*.90= 0.60 (Over 16 % less!)
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
When to Consider Alternatives to New CompressionCost : Total cost of retrofit
project should be less cost and risk than new compressor
Emissions: Older units at site may limit feasibility of
retrofit projects. May be better to retire /
replace and buy new
Power: New Power Required ~ 20% of
Rated Site Compressors –
difficult to uprate more than this.
New operating
point mustbe on redesigned
compressor map AND below HP rating of
final driver configuration
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
Thank you for your time and attention.
• Marybeth McbainKinder Morgan, Sr. Pipeline [email protected]
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Gas Electric Partnership 2018
Comparison of Parallel vs Series options for Centrifugal Compressors
3 units in parallel 2 units in series 2 units in parallel
MOST COSTLY $$ MID RANGE COST LEAST COST $$
MOST AVAILABILITY / REDUNDANCY LEAST REDUNDANCY
Disadvantages:
MAX ABILITY TO MATCH 100% PIPELINE FLOW IF ONE UNIT IS DOWN
IF ONE UNIT DOWN, CAN BE ONLINE ONLY AT < 60% PIPELINE FLOW
IF ONE UNIT DOWN, CAN BE ONLINE ONLY AT < ~75% PIPELINE FLOW
FLEXIBILITY TO MATCH HIGHLY VARIABLE FLOWS
GREATEST FLEXIBILITY TO MATCH HIGHLY VARIABLE FLOWS
LEAST FLEXIBILITY TO MATCH HIGHLY VARIABLE FLOWS < 50% DESIGN FLOW
BEST FOR INLET AND OUTLET STATIONS
BEST FOR MIDPOINT STATIONS ON PIPELINE WITH 70-100% PIPELINE DESIGN FLOW