COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOKOF

PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

VOLUME 2

ADULT PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Frank Andrasik

Volume Editor

Michel Hersen

Jay C. Thomas

Editors-in-Chief

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

File AttachmentC1.jpg

COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOKOF

PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

VOLUME 2

ADULT PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Frank Andrasik

Volume Editor

Michel Hersen

Jay C. Thomas

Editors-in-Chief

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

COMPREHENSIVE HANDBOOKOF

PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

VOLUME 2

ADULT PSYCHOPATHOLOGY

Frank Andrasik

Volume Editor

Michel Hersen

Jay C. Thomas

Editors-in-Chief

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.A

Copyright � 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Comprehensive handbook of personality and psychopathology / Michel Hersen & Jay C. Thomas,editors-in-chief.

p. ; cm.Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN-13 978-0-471-47945-1 (cloth : alk. paper : set)ISBN-10 0-471-47945-4 (cloth : alk. paper : set) —ISBN-13 978-0-471-48837-8 (cloth : alk. paper : v. 1)ISBN-10 0-471-48837-2 (cloth : alk. paper : v. 1) —ISBN-13 978-0-471-48838-5 (cloth : alk. paper : v. 2)ISBN-10 0-471-48838-0 (cloth : alk. paper : v. 2) —ISBN-13 978-0-471-48839-2 (cloth : alk. paper : v. 3)ISBN-10 0-471-48839-9 (cloth : alk. paper : v. 3)

1. Psychology, Pathological—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Child psychopathology—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Personality—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Psychology—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Hersen, Michel. II. Thomas, Jay C., 1951–

[DNLM: 1. Mental Disorders—therapy. 2. Personality. 3. Psychological Theory. WM 400C737 2006] 1951–RC456.C66 2006618.92�89—dc22

2005043981

Printed in the United States of America.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

www.wiley.com

v

Contents

Handbook Preface ix

Preface to Volume 2 xi

Contributors xiii

P A R T O N EGENERAL ISSUES

1 DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION 3James Langenbucher and Peter E. Nathan

2 RESEARCH CONSIDERATIONS: LATENT VARIABLE APPROACHES TO STUDYING THECLASSIFICATION AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF MENTAL DISORDERS 21Laura Campbell-Sills and Timothy A. Brown

3 BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE INFLUENCES 36Arthur M. Nezu, Christine Maguth Nezu, and Elizabeth R. Lombardo

4 GENETIC INFLUENCES 52Kerry L. Jang

5 SOCIOCULTURAL INFLUENCES 67Dorothy Chin and Velma A. Kameoka

6 BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES 85Beverly E. Thorn and Kristine L. Lokken

P A R T T W OMAJOR DISORDERS AND PROBLEMS

7 GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER 101Marilyn Holmes and Michelle G. Newman

8 PANIC AND AGORAPHOBIA 121Jasper A. J. Smits, Conall M. O’Cleirigh, and Michael W. Otto

9 SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER 138Meredith E. Coles and Betty Horng

10 SPECIFIC PHOBIAS 154Karen Rowa, Randi E. McCabe, and Martin M. Antony

vi Contents

11 OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER 169David S. Riggs and Edna B. Foa

12 POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 189Richard A. Bryant

13 MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER 207Michael E. Thase

14 DYSTHYMIA AND MINOR DEPRESSION 231Karen B. Schmaling and Dolores V. Hernandez

15 BIPOLAR DISORDER 244Cory F. Newman

16 SCHIZOPHRENIA 262Kim T. Mueser, Elisa Bolton, and Susan R. McGurk

17 ORGANIC MENTAL DISORDER 278Drew Gouvier

18 BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER 299Timothy J. Trull, Stephanie D. Stepp, and Marika Solhan

19 OTHER PERSONALITY DISORDERS 316Kenneth N. Levy and Lori N. Scott

20 ALCOHOL ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE 337Marilyn J. Strada, Jennifer Karmely, and Brad Donohue

21 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE 354Brad Donohue, Alisha M. Farley, and Samantha L. French

22 GAMBLING AND IMPULSE DISORDERS 370Alex Blaszczynski and Lia Nower

23 EATING DISORDERS 389Eric Stice, Joanne Peart, Heather Thompson-Brenner, Erin Martinez, and Drew Westen

24 PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS: HEADACHE AS A CASE IN POINT 409Frank Andrasik

25 SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION 423Eric W. Corty

26 SEXUAL DEVIATION 436William D. Murphy and I. Jacqueline Page

27 MARITAL DYSFUNCTION 450Steven R. H. Beach, Charles Kamen, and Frank Fincham

Contents vii

P A R T T H R E ETREATMENT APPROACHES

28 PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY 469Steven K. Huprich and Rachel A. Keaschuk

29 COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT 487Alisa R. Singer and Keith S. Dobson

30 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS 503Timothey C. Denko and Michael E. Thase

Author Index 519

Subject Index 535

ix

Handbook Preface

Remarkably, the linkage between personality and psycho-pathology, although extensive, has not been underscored inthe larger tomes on these subjects. In the last decade therehave been many books on personality, adult psychopathology,and child psychopathology, but none seems to have relatedthe three in an integrated fashion. In part, this three-volumeComprehensive Handbook of Personality and Psychopathol-ogy (CHOPP), with the first volume on Personality and Every-day Functioning, the second on Adult Psychopathology, andthe third on Child Psychopathology, is devoted to remedyingthis gap in the literature. Another unique feature of CHOPPappears in the volumes on Adult Psychopathology and ChildPsychopathology, where impact of adult and child psycho-pathology on family, work, school, and peers is highlighted,in addition to the relation of specific psychopathology to nor-mal development. Given the marked importance of such im-pact, contributors were asked to delineate the negative impactof psychopathology on the individual’s daily environments.

In light of the aforementioned features, we trust thatCHOPP is timely and that it will be well received in manyquarters in psychology. The work should stand as an entityas a three-volume endeavor. However, given the structure ofeach volume, we believe that it is possible to break up theset into individual volumes for relevant courses on person-ality, normal development, adult psychopathology, and childpsychopathology.

Volume 1 (Personality and Everyday Functioning) contains23 chapters divided into four parts (Foundations, Broad-RangeTheories and Systems, Mid-Range Theories, and Special Ap-plications). This volume is unique in that it encompasses boththe broad theories of personality and those theories with amore limited range, known as mid-range theories. Broad-range theories were originally developed to explain the be-havior of normal people in everyday situations. But it also isimportant to have a reference point for those individuals suf-fering from various sorts of psychopathology. Chapters inthis section follow a general format where possible:

A. Statement of the TheoryB. Developmental ConsiderationsC. Biological/Physiological RelationshipsD. Boundaries of the Theory

E. Evidence in Support of and against the TheoryF. Predictions for Everyday Functioning

1. Family Life2. Work or School3. Retirement4. Recreation

Thus, Volume 1 sets the stage for Volumes 2 and 3 whileat the same time standing on its own for understanding every-day life from the personality perspective.

Volume 2 (Adult Psychopathology) contains 30 chaptersdivided into three parts (General Issues, Major Disorders andProblems, Treatment Approaches). Volume 3 (Child Psy-chopathology) contains 27 chapters divided into three parts(General Issues, Major Disorders and Problems, TreatmentApproaches). As previously noted, a unique feature in thesevolumes is mention of the impact of psychopathology onthe family, work, school, and peers, often neglected in stan-dard works. In both Volumes 2 and 3, most of the contrib-utors have adhered to a relatively standard format for PartTwo. In some instances, some of the authors have opted tocombine sections.

A. Description of the DisorderB. EpidemiologyC. Clinical PictureD. EtiologyE. Course, Complications, and PrognosisF. Assessment and DiagnosisG. Impact on the Environment

1. Family2. Work or School3. Peer Interactions

H. Treatment Implications

In addition, authors in Volume 3 include the sections Per-sonality Development and Psychopathology and Implicationsfor Future Personality Development. We trust that the rela-tively uniform format in Part Two of Volumes 2 and 3 willmake for ease of reading and some interchapter comparisonswithin and across volumes.

Many individuals have worked very hard to bring this se-ries of volumes to fruition. First, we thank our editor at John

x Handbook Preface

Wiley, Tracey Belmont, for once again understanding theimport and scope of the project and having confidence in ourability to execute in spite of interfering hurricanes, other nat-ural events, and varied life events. Second, we thank oureditors of the specific volumes for planning, recruiting, andediting. Third, we thank our eminent contributors for takingtime out from their busy schedules to add yet one more writ-ing task in sharing their expertise. Claire Huismann, ourproject manager at Apex Publishing, deserves special rec-

ognition for her extraordinary efforts, competence, and pa-tience throughout the creation of this series. And finally, buthardly least of all, we thank all at John Wiley and PacificUniversity, including Carole Londeree, Linda James, AlisonBrodhagen, Greg May, and Cynthia Polance, for their excel-lent technical assistance.

Michel Hersen and Jay C. ThomasForest Grove and Portland, Oregon

xi

Preface to Volume 2

Volume 2 continues the themes articulated in the first volumeof this series. It contains 30 chapters, divided into three parts.Part One includes chapters that discuss diagnosis and clas-sification and pertinent research issues as well as separatechapters that discuss the behavioral, cognitive, genetic, socio-cultural, and biological factors that influence development.

Part Two includes 21 chapters that cover a broad spectrumof disorders, including anxiety, mood, schizophrenia, organic,personality, substance use, eating, psychophysiological, sex-ual dysfunction and deviation, and marital dysfunction. Thesechapters continue the focus on the linkage of personality andpsychopathology and how this impacts the individual’s socialunit (family and peers) and performance in work, school, andleisure settings. Although authors were asked to give equalweight to all of these specific impacts on the environment,the available literature demanded varied coverage, with au-thors left at times only to point out deficits in our currentknowledge and future avenues for research. These chaptersadditionally provide descriptions of the disorders and theclinical picture; review epidemiology and etiological theories;discuss the typical course, complications, and prognosis; out-line the approach to assessment and diagnosis; and review theliterature bearing on treatment and the attendant implications.

Part Three includes three individual chapters, each focus-ing more in depth on the most current general treatment ap-proaches for the conditions reviewed—psychodynamic, cog-nitive behavioral, and pharmacological.

A volume of this scope and size could not be possiblewithout the eminent scholars who gave so generously oftheir time, in the face of multiple competing demands, todraft the copy you see here. It is equally true that a numberof people worked just as diligently, behind the scenes, inorder to produce this volume. My first word of thanks to the“behind-the-scenes crew” goes to the series editors, MichelHersen and Jay C. Thomas, for affording me, and havingthe confidence in me, to serve as the volume editor and forproviding assistance beyond that normally needed whenIvan the Terrible raised its ugly head. I thank Gayle Beckand Tim Brown for their wise consultation as I was selectingauthors and topics. Prior to working on this volume, I felt Ihad a good handle on the editing process; however, workingclosely with Michel taught me that I had much to learn. Ioffer him my further thanks for teaching me so much moreabout the intricacies of successful editing. Final words ofthanks are owed to Tracey Belmont and Isabel Pratt, bothof John Wiley & Sons, for their patience, understanding,support, and flexibility; and to Claire Huismann, projectmanager at Apex Publishing, for her invaluable assistance,superb skills, and unflappable demeanor, all of which provedcritical in getting this volume to the finish line in polishedcondition.

Frank AndrasikPensacola, Florida

xiii

Contributors

Frank Andrasik, PhDUniversity of West FloridaPensacola, Florida

Martin M. Antony, PhD, ABPPMcMaster UniversityHamilton, Ontario

Steven R. H. Beach, PhDUniversity of GeorgiaAthens, Georgia

Alex Blaszczynski, PhDUniversity of SydneySydney, Australia

Elisa Bolton, PhDNH-Dartmouth Psychiatric Research CenterConcord, New Hampshire

Timothy A. Brown, PhDBoston UniversityBoston, Massachusetts

Richard A. Bryant, PhDUniversity of New South WalesSydney, Australia

Laura Campbell-Sills, PhDUniversity of California, San DiegoLa Jolla, California

Dorothy Chin, PhDUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, California

Meredith E. Coles, PhDBinghamton University (SUNY)Binghamton, New York

Eric W. Corty, PhDPenn State Erie, The Behrend CollegeErie, Pennsylvania

Timothey C. Denko, MDUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Keith S. Dobson, PhDUniversity of CalgaryCalgary, Alberta

Brad Donohue, PhDUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas Vegas, Nevada

Alisha M. Farley, BAUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas Vegas, Nevada

Frank Fincham, PhDFlorida State UniversityTallahassee, Florida

Edna B. Foa, PhDUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphia, Pennsylvania

Samantha L. French, BSUniversity of Nevada, Las VegasLas Vegas, Nevada

Drew Gouvier, PhDLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge, Louisiana

Dolores V. Hernandez, MSUniversity of Texas at El PasoEl Paso, Texas

Marilyn Holmes, BAPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, Pennsylvania

Betty Horng, MABinghamton University (SUNY)Binghamton, New York

Steven K. Huprich, PhDEastern Michigan UniversityYpsilanti, Michigan

Kerry L. Jang, PhDUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver, British Columbia