composting of fats, oil, and greaseneiwpcc.org/neiwpcc_docs/joel_alpert.pdffats, oil, and grease...
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![Page 1: COMPOSTING OF FATS, OIL, AND GREASEneiwpcc.org/neiwpcc_docs/joel_alpert.pdfFATS, OIL, AND GREASE Joel E. Alpert, Ph.D. Compost And Technology Solutions, Inc. TOPICS TO BE COVERED •](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050323/5f7d58d8f97a5a6d92789ee0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
COMPOSTING OFFATS, OIL, AND GREASE
Joel E. Alpert, Ph.D.Compost And Technology Solutions, Inc.
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TOPICS TO BE COVERED
• Composting Basics
• Regulatory Requirements
• Knox County, TN Demonstration
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COMPOST BASICS
AerobicMicrobialProcess
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COMPOST BASICS
Process Requirements:
• Oxygen• Water• Temperature• Carbon• Nitrogen• Particle Size
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COMPOST BASICS
Materials Composted:
• Biosolids• Food Wastes• Yard Wastes• Manures• Septage
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COMPOST BASICS
Definitions:
• Co-composting• Bulking Agent• Amendment• Materials Balance
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COMPOST BASICS
Compost Systems:
• Windrow
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COMPOSTING SYSTEMS
Windrow Basics:
• Aerate by Turning
• Specialized Turners or Front-end Loader
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COMPOST BASICS
Compost Systems:
• Aerated Static Pile
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COMPOST BASICS
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COMPOST BASICS
Compost Systems:
• Static Pile
• In-vessel or Mechanical
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REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
Federal:
• “503” Regulations Cover Biosolids
– Vector Attraction Reduction (VAR)– Pathogen Reduction
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REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
Pathogens:
• Static Pile Composting - 3 Days >55°C• Windrow Composting - 15 Days >55°C with 5
Turnings• All Products <1,000 MPN Fecal Coliform or
<3 MPN Salmonella sp./4 grams Total Dry Solids
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REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
VAR Requirements:
• 14 Days Aerobic• >40°C• Average 45°C
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REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
OrganicFood
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REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
• Air Quality
• Odor
• Organics
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
Participants:
• Knox County Solid Waste Board (KC)
• Knoxville Utility Board (KUB)
• First Utility District
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
Materials:
• Lime-stabilized Biosolids• Raw Sludge• Ground Yard Waste• Ground Pallet Wastes• Grease Trap Wastes
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
Mix Characteristics:
• FOG Absorbed to Wood• No Odor After Mixed• 3 Days to 55°C• 8 Days at 55°C• Met VAR• 57% Volatile Solids
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
Mix Characteristics:
• 37% Solids• pH = 8.7• Bulk Density = 1,230 lbs/yd3
• FOG = 7,570 lbs• Green Wastes = 10,770 lbs
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Pile #4 KUBG & GWG
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44
Day
%O
2
T
emp
C
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
Compost Characteristics:
• Fecal Coliform <1• pH = 8.3• 53% Volatile Solids• Ammonia <56 mg/kg• 40% Solids• Cadmium = 0.2 mg/kg• Chromium = 6.1 mg/kg
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
Compost Characteristics:
• Copper = 12.5 mg/kg• Nickel = 4.2 mg/kg• Lead = 13.3 mg/kg• Zinc = 113.2 mg/kg• Selenium = BDL• Mercury = 0.2 mg/kg• Kjeldahl Nitrogen = 4,163 mg/l
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
Observations:
• Co-composted Well• No Trace After 7 Days• No Odor• Chips Could Hold More FOG• No Mass Buildup
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
Economic Analysis:Key Assumptions in Designing aLiquid Grease Trap Waste Compost Site
Item Units Recommended ValueLiquid Storage days 2Daily Volume of Liquid gallons 10,000Method of Mixing method Mix BoxMethod of Composting method WindrowDays of Composting days 14# of Cycles Bulking Agent Used # 7Solids Content of Liquid % 3.5Volatile Solids of Liquid % 70Bulking Agent Storage days 14Operational Days per Week days/week 6Hours of Operation/Day hours/day 10Odor Control method None
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
Economic Analysis:Site Sizing Calculations
Activity yd3/Day # of Days yd3 Area Required (ft2)Liquid Storagea 50.0 2 100 314Bulking Agent Storageb 185.4 14 2,600 7,921Mix Areac 600Compost Aread 222.5 14 3,115 48,544Total 57,379
aAssumes a 20-foot diameter silo.bAssumes a 12-foot pile height = 5,850 ft2, or 77 x 77; therefore, accounting forslope need, 89 x 89 = 7,921.cAssumes a 20-foot x 30-foot area.dAssumes 14 piles areas: 12 active and 2 extra. Assumes a Scarab 16 =2.29 yd3/ft windrow capacity, 14 windrows, 100-foot windrows, 4.5 feetbetween windrows, 32-foot turn distance, and 16-foot-wide windrows.
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
Economic Analysis:Capital Costs – Moving Equipment
Item Unit Cost Units Quantity Estimated CostFront-end Loaders 185,000.00 6 yd3 1 185,000Mix Box 115,000.00 18 yd3 1 115,000Scarab 16 227,000.00 ea 1 227,000Total Moving Equipmenta $527,000Engineering (5%) 26,350Total $553,350Annual Amortizationb $95,537Annual Amortized Costc $/gallon $0.0031
aAssumes direct City purchase; no overhead and profit.bAmortized over seven years at five percent interest.cBased on 10,000 gallons/day x 6 days/week x 52 weeks/year = 3,120,000gallons/year.
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
Economic Analysis:O&M Costs
ItemUnitCost Units
DailyQuantity
AnnualQuantity
AnnualEstimated
CostLabor 14.00 $/hour 12 31,201 436,814Laboratory 3,000.00 $/year 3,000Front-end Loader O&M 29.59 $/hour 8 2,496 73,857Scarab O&Ma 59.82 $/hour 1 156 9,332Batch Mixer O&M 15.00 $/hour 4 1,248 18,720Bulking Agentb 6.20 yd3 6,886 42,693Administrative lump 15,000O&M Costs 599,416O&M Costs/gallonc 0.192
aAssumes three turns per week.bAssumes ground brush is obtained at average retail price for the Knoxvillearea.cAssumes 10,000 gallons/day x 312 days.
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KNOX COUNTYDEMONSTRATION
Conclusions:
• Can Compost• Do Not Need to Dewater• Can Co-compost• Can Meet Regulations• Can Be Cost Competitive