components required
DESCRIPTION
COMPONENTS REQUIRED. STEP DOWN PRANSFORMER: Ac applied to primary winding can be stepped down depending upon value of dc needed In our project 230v ac appear as 15v ac across secondary winding. Excitation Power Source. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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COMPONENTS REQUIRED
• STEP DOWN PRANSFORMER: Ac applied to primary winding can be stepped
down depending upon value of dc needed In our project 230v ac appear as 15v ac across secondary winding
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POWER SUPPLY UNIT
BLOCK DIAGRAM : +5 Volts +12 Volts -12 Volts
Step Down Transformer
Bridge Rectifier
Positive Charge Capacitor
Positive Voltage Regulator IC 7812
Negative Charge Capacitor
LPF
Negative Voltage Regulator IC 7912
LPF
+5V Regulator LPF
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PassiveTransducer
Excitation Power Source
+-
+-
0 to 100 % of physical impact
Output will be 0 if the Excitation is maximum for 0 to 100 % impact
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Signal Conditioner To ADC10
Ω
+4 - 20 m A -
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RECTIFIER UNIT
• Op-amp rectifier are used to convert ac to dc(IC LM 1458)CHARACTERISTICS OF OP-AMP It must be tunable It should not load pt and ct It should not have any conduction losses
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RELAYS
• Main function of relay is to detect the fault and intiate the operation of circuit breaker
ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAYS These relays acts as a switches which provides contact between two mechanical element
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INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER
• CURRENT TRANSFORMER They are used so that ammeter and currents coils of instruments and relays need not be connected directly to high voltage line
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INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER
• POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER High alternating voltage are reduced in a fixed proportion for the measurement purpose with help of potential transformer
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FILTERING UNIT
• It consists of capacitor acting as surge arrester
• To by pass ripples and high frequency signals
• It allows only low frequency signals
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VOLTAGE REGULATOR
• It helps rectifier and filter circuit in providing a constant dc voltage to device
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FIVE MODULES OF SCADA
• DATA ACQUIRING• DATA PROCESSING DATA CONVERSION• DATA MANIPULATION• DATA TRANSMISSION
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DATA ACQUIRING
• It acquires variable status like temperature pressure,flow etc components of data acquistion are from
simple thermocouple to complex gas analyser
Active transducer Passive transducer
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ACTIVE TRANSDUCER
• They are self generative as per physical variations offered to it
• ADVANTAGE Reliable low cost better inter changablity wide operating temperature
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PASSIVE TRANSDUCER
• These types of transducer have output will be full or partial of excitation
• ADVANTAGE available in all size DISADVANTAGE output will be reliable only if excitation source is reliable
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DATA ACQUIRING
• Flame detection• Intruder detection• Bomb detection• Cable fault detection• Staff attendance maintenance
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• FLAME DETECTION It can be used to detect fire in relays,
generator ,contacts with help of LDR INTRUDER DETECTION
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BOMB DETECTION
• SENSOR Inductive proximity sensor It can be used to detect even rdx bomb
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DATA PROCESSING
• It is much essential in field instrumentation for safe and secured operations of process industries
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DATA CONVERSION
• It is the process of converting analog into computing data
example of data converters are ADC and DAC
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DATA MANUPILATION
• It is the simple calculation between real value and ADC value
it comprises of • Recording of values • Graphical output• Indication • Controlling all application
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DATA TRANSMISSION
• It forms bridge between master control room and sub system area
• Radio frequency can be utilized for data communication