components and functions of crowdsourcing systems 1/wi2013... · components and functions of...

Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften | Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftsinformatik, insbes. Informationsmanagement

Lars Hetmank Dresden, 27.02.2013

Components and Functions of Crowdsourcing Systems

A Systematic Literature Review

Components and Functions of Crowdsourcing Systems Slide 2 / 13

Fakultät Wirtschaftswissenschaften | Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftsinformatik, insbes. Informationsmanagement | Prof. Schoop

Short Vita

•  Dipl.-Wirt.-Inf. Lars Hetmank, TU Dresden •  Research interests:

•  Information and Knowledge Management •  Semantic Web and Linked Data •  Crowdsourcing

•  Affiliations: •  Manifesto for a Standard on Knowledge Exchange in

Social Knowledge Management Environments •  Knowledge Research Center (KRC) e.V. Dresden

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Motivation

Practical relevance: •  development of a crowdsourcing system (CSS) and

its integration into existing IT infrastructure is risky, cost-intensive, and time-consuming,

•  structured development process required Theoretical relevance: •  various theoretical contribution in the area of

crowdsourcing •  however, little has been investigated to define a

crowdsourcing system and its technical design aspects precisely

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Method: Systematic Literature Review

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Research Questions (RQs): RQ1: How and in which detail are CSSs defined in current research

literature? What design aspects do they cover? RQ2: What type of components and functions of a CSS can be

conceptualized?

Review Protocol

Plan Systematic Literature Review

Selected Studies

Relevant Studies

ConductSearch

ScreenPapers

ConceptMap

ExtractData

Result

Process



Search Strategy #1

•  Population: peer-reviewed conference proceedings and journal papers in English since 2006; dissertations, newspaper articles, unpublished works or non-scientific articles were not considered

•  Search Resources: ACM Digital Library, Ebscohost (Academic Search Complete and Business Source Complete), Emerald, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Sage Journals, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and Wiley

•  Search Terms: crowdsourcing system, crowdsourcing application, and crowdsourcing platform (in singular and plural)

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Search Strategy #2

•  Inclusion criteria: •  define or at least propose a description of what CSSs are

(RQ 1) •  address design issues of CSSs (RQ 2) •  or classify or give an overview of CSSs (RQ 2).

•  Exclusion criteria: •  use CSSs for evaluation purposes but do not address design

issues

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Conduct Search Step 1: a) review the abstract, introduction, and conclusion

b) check inclusion and exclusion criteria c) label publication and research type à Relevant studies = 72

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Step 2: a) read article, find and record the definitions of CSS b) set keyword for each article to identify components and functions of CSSs

Publica(on type Research type



Results: Crowdsourcing System Definitions (RQ1)

•  17 definitions or descriptions of the term crowdsourcing system, application, or platform

•  vary in detail and none of them cover all of the four derived perspectives

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“Crowdsourcing Platform is a trusted broker ensuring that providers successfully complete the task requests and that requestors pay for the charges. Crowdsourcing Platform issues authentication credentials for requestors and providers when they join the platform, stores details about skill-set, history of completed requests, handles charging and payments, and manages platform misuse. Crowdsourcing platform can execute crowdsourcing requests in a number of different modes, by advertising them on the marketplace, allowing providers to bid for them, or in the form of a competition, where requestor identifies criteria to be used for selection of the winning submission. Crowdsourcing platform may further allow requestors and providers to team-up.” (Vukovic, 2009)



Perspectives

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Crowd-sourcing System

organiza

tional

perspec

tive process

perspective

human-ce

ntric

perspec

tive

technical

perspective

broker

requester

crowd

APIs

user interface

standardizationhistory tracking

authenticationworkflow support

payment mechanism

crowdsourcingprocess

social interaction

mediator, marketplace, interface, or trusted broker

software components, technical functions, or data objects

human brainpower and collective intelligence

algorithm

detailed actions performed to data objects or users

Perspec(ves of crowdsourcing systems (source: own illustra(on)



Results: Components and Functions (RQ 2)

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Register user

Evaluate user

Form user group

Enable coordination

User management

Design task

Assign task

Task management

Evaluate contribution

Select contribution

Contribution management

Define workflow Manage workflow

Workflow management

Components and func(ons of crowdsourcing systems (source: own illustra(on)



Conclusion and Next Steps

•  development of an integrated CSS definition •  overview of reusable software components

and functions may be used as a checklist •  dependencies between the elements are not

well represented •  designing a semantic model to support

knowledge-intensive crowdsourcing activities

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References

(1)  Kitchenham, B.: Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering. (2007).

(2)  Kitchenham, B., Pearl Brereton, O., Budgen, D., Turner, M., Bailey, J., Linkman, S.: Systematic literature reviews in software engineering – A systematic literature review. Information and Software Technology. 51, 7–15 (2009).

(3)  Brereton, P., Kitchenham, B. a., Budgen, D., Turner, M., Khalil, M.: Lessons from applying the systematic literature review process within the software engineering domain. Journal of Systems and Software. 80, 571–583 (2007).

(4)  Wieringa, R., Maiden, N., Mead, N., Rolland, C.: Requirements engineering paper classification and evaluation criteria: a proposal and a discussion. Requirements Engineering. 11, 102–107 (2006).

(5)  Bortz, J., Döring, N.: Forschungsmethoden und Evaluation für Human- und Sozialwissenschaftler. Springer, Heidelberg (2009).

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h>p://larshetmank.com/documents/wi2013_css_concept_map.pdf



Contact

Email: [email protected] Twitter: https://twitter.com/larshetmank

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