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ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 62.1-2004 COMPLIANCE

2005 hvacdesignsolutions.com

62.1-2010 Compliance ManualVentilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality

Calculation Programs and "Optimization" Proceduresfor Compliance with ANSI/ASHRAE Standard

62.1-2010 : "Ventilation Rate Procedure"

Copyright 2011 HVAC Design Solutions1845 Via Quinto, Suite 100

Oceanside, CA 92056www.hvacdesignsolutions.com

2010 ASHRAE, Inc. (portions ofcontents "Used by permission")

www.ashrae.org


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USER MANUAL - CONTENTS

VENTILATION FOR ACCEPTABLE INDOOR AIR QUALITY - COMPLIANCE

SECTION PAGE

1 General Description of Software Package --------------------------------- 32 Brief Description of ASHRAE 62.1-2010 Ventilation Standards ----- 53 Calculation Procedures (Including "Startup") ----------------------------- 7

a Basic Project Information -------------------------------------------------- 11b Calculations Take-off Form ----------------------------------------------- 13c Single Zone Systems ------------------------------------------------------- 17d 100% Outdoor Air Systems ----------------------------------------------- 20e Multiple Zone Systems Without Zone Level Recirculation -------- 24f Multiple Zone Systems With Zone Level Recirculation ------------ 29

4 Calculation and Design Assumptions -------------------------------------- 355 Determining Occupancy (Zone Population) ------------------------------ 376 Air Distribution Configuration (Table & Diagrams) ---------------------- 407 Input Forms, Tables & Diagrams -------------------------------------------- 428 System Ventilation Efficiency ------------------------------------------------- 549 "Optimizing" Outdoor Air Requirements ----------------------------------- 5610 Compliance Documentation -------------------------------------------------- 6111 Definitions ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62

NOTE:

Portions of the included information, descriptions, procedures, and forms areexcerpts from ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 ( 2010 American Society ofHeating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org)Used by permission), to assure that the purposes of the Standard have beenconveyed and that the procedures have been accurately incorporated into theseCalculation Programs and Compliance Documents.

IN NO EVENT WILL ASHRAE (or American Society of Heating, Refrigerationand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES

ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAMS OR

ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANYTHEORY OF LIABILITY.

Copyright 2011 HVAC Design Solutions1845 Via Quinto, Suite 100Oceanside, CA 92056www.hvacdesignsolutions.com

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF SOFTWARE PACKAGE

General Description

This Software Package provides calculation procedures to document compliancewith ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor AirQuality. Proprietary "Optimization" procedures are included, to assure that therequired Outdoor Air Volume is established, while avoiding the potentiallyexcessive Outdoor Air Volume that could be dictated by standard calculations.

Input Forms, Tables, Charts, Diagrams, and Calculation Programs are providedto assist in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 requirements for allindoor or enclosed spaces that people may occupy.

Compliance Forms can be printed after completing the calculations and can besubmitted as a Compliance Record to the appropriate Building Department or

Authority, along with the Construction Documents.

This Software Package is for compliance with the "Ventilation Rate Procedure".It does not perform calculations or assist with the "IAQ Design Procedure".

All procedures, formulas, charts, and tables as prescribed by the Ventilation RateProcedure have been included and have been used to establish the "Optimized"Outdoor Intake Flow Rate requirements.

The proprietary "Optimization" of the required outdoor air rates is an importantpart of this program. With "Optimization", the calculations assure that theprescribed outdoor air quantities are being met while also assuring that theoutdoor air rates are not grossly excessive. "Optimization" can save significantEnergy and Operating Costs over the life of a facility.

The Calculation Programs include the following prescribed tabulated values,procedures, and formulas:1. Table 6-1: "Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone"2. Table 6-2: "Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness"3. Table 6-3: "System Ventilation Efficiency"4. Table 6-4: "Minimum Exhaust Rates"5. Occupant-density-related Ventilation requirements

6. Area-related Ventilation requirements7. Primary Outdoor Air Fraction8. System Ventilation Efficiency9. Uncorrected Outdoor Air Intake10. Design for Varying Operating Conditions11. Equations for Multiple Zone Systems Without Zone Level Secondary

Recirculation12. Equations for Multiple Zone Systems With Zone Level Recirculation

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Portions of the included information, descriptions, procedures, and forms areexcerpts from ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010, to assure that the purposes ofthe Standard have been conveyed and that the procedures have been accuratelyincorporated into these Calculation Programs and Compliance Documents.Those portions of the included information that are taken directly from the

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 include copyright protection by ASHRAE "2010 American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc. (www.ashrae.org) Used by permission."


ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAMS ORACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANYTHEORY OF LIABILITY.

Input Forms, Tables, and Diagrams

Before beginning input and calculations, it is recommended that the followingInput Forms, Tables, and Diagrams be printed out, to assist with data assembly:

1. Calculations Take-off Form(Multiple copies for air handling systems withmore than 12 zones)

2. Table 6-1, Minimum Ventilation Rates In Breathing Zone3. Typical Zone Occupancy Takeofftable and diagram4. Table 6-2, Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness5. Zone Air Distribution Effectivenessdiagrams6. Ventilation System Schematic7. Copy of "Calculation and Design Assumptions

Output Compliance Forms

Compliance Forms can be printed after completing the calculations and can besubmitted as a Compliance Record to the appropriate Building Department orCode Authority. It is recommended that the following Output Pages,

Assumptions, and Diagrams be printed out, to assist with Building Departmentreview:

1. Printout of Air Handling Unit calculation results for each air handling system(Note: number of printout pages for each air handling system will depend on

the number of zones)2. Copy of "Calculation and Design Assumptions"3. Table 6-1, Minimum Ventilation Rates In Breathing Zone4. Table 6-2, Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness5. Ventilation System Schematic

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ASHRAE STANDARD 62.1-2010

Brief Description

(The following information includes excerpts from ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010: 2010 American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-ConditioningEngineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org) Used by permission.)

The purpose of this standard is to specify minimum ventilation rates and indoorair quality that will be acceptable to human occupants and are intended tominimize the potential for adverse health effects.

This standard applies to all indoor or enclosed spaces that people may occupy,except where other applicable standards and requirements dictate largeramounts of ventilation than this standard. Release of moisture in residentialkitchens and bathrooms, locker rooms, and swimming pools is included in thescope of this standard.

Acceptable indoor air quality may not be achieved in all buildings meeting therequirements of this standard for one or more of the following reasons:

(a) because of the diversity of sources and contaminants in indoor air;(b) because of the many other factors that may affect occupant perception

and acceptance of indoor air quality, such as air temperature, humidity,noise, lighting, and psychological stress;

(c) because of the range of susceptibility in the population; and(d) because outdoor air brought into the building may be unacceptable or

may not be adequately cleaned.

Either the Ventilation Rate Procedure or the IAQ Procedure shall be used todesign each ventilation system in a building, subject to the followingconsiderations and restrictions:

(a) Ventilation Rate Procedure. This is a prescriptive procedure in whichoutdoor air intake rates are determined based on spacetype/application, occupancy level, and floor area. Note: The VentilationRate Procedure minimum rates are based on contaminant sources andsource strengths that are typical for the listed space types.

(b) IAQ Procedure. This is a design procedure in which outdoor air intakerates and other system design parameters are based on an analysis of

contaminant sources, contaminant concentration targets, andperceived acceptability targets. The IAQ Procedure allows credit to betaken for controls that remove contaminants (for example, air cleaningdevices) or for other design techniques (for example, selection ofmaterials with lower source strengths) that can be reliablydemonstrated to result in indoor contaminant concentrations equal toor lower than those achieved using the Ventilation Rate Procedure.The IAQ Procedure may also be used where the design is intended to

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attain specific target contaminant concentrations or levels ofacceptability of perceived indoor air quality.

This Software Package is for compliance with only the "Ventilation RateProcedure". It does not perform calculations or assist with the "IAQ Design

Procedure". All procedures, formulas, charts, and tables as prescribed by the"Ventilation Rate Procedure" have been included and have been used toestablish the "Optimized" Outdoor Intake Flow Rate requirements. Theproprietary "Optimization" of the required outdoor air rates is an important part ofthis program. With "Optimization", the calculations assure that the prescribedoutdoor air quantities are being met while also assuring that the outdoor air ratesare not grossly excessive. "Optimization" can save significant Energy andOperating Costs over the life of a facility.

ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2010 Ventilation Rate Procedure addresses essentially fourtypes of air handling systems for the purpose of determining required outdoor air

(OA) ventilation:(a) Single-Zone Systems: When one air handler supplies a mixture ofoutdoor air and recirculated air to only one zone.

(b) 100% Outdoor Air Systems: When one air handler supplies onlyoutdoor air to one or more zones.

(c) Multiple-Zone, "Single Supply" Recirculating Systems: When one airhandler or central system supplies a mixture of outdoor air andrecirculated return air to more than one zone from a single location, forexample, Reheat, Single-Duct VAV, Single-Fan Dual-Duct, andMultizone.

(d) Multiple-Zone, "Primary Supply plus Secondary Local Recirculating"Systems: When one air handler or central system supplies a mixture ofoutdoor air and recirculated return air to more than one zone and alsoprovides part of the ventilation by recirculating air from other zoneswithout directly mixing it with outdoor air, for example, Dual-Fan Dual-Duct, Fan-Powered Mixing Box, and Transfer Fans for conferencerooms.

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 prescribes the required outdoor air quantity,based on the efficiency of the air handling system to deliver the outdoor air to the"Breathing Zone". The "Breathing Zone" ventilation rate includes both an area-related component and an occupant-density-related component, which are addedtogether to determine the required outdoor air ventilation for the space.



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SETTING UP PROJECT DESIGN PROGRAMS - 62.1 COMPLY

The files within the HVAC Design Solutions 62.1 ComplyVAV-2010 softwareprograms are in the form of Read Only files and should be left as Read Only.

This will assure that the original programs are kept intact and wont beaccidentally written over by Project data input. After each calculation file orprogram is used for a Project, it should be copied by using Save As into aProject specific file location.

As stated in the License Agreement, each HVAC Design Solutions softwarepackage can be used on only One Computer. If Project specific files are storedon a local network file server, it is acceptable to store the Project Data filesgenerated with the HVAC Design Solutions programs on this remote computer orfile server. However, files that are transferred or copied to the remote computeror file server can not be used for generating new calculations on other

computers.

Navigation within the ASHRAE 62.1VAV-2010 Compliance programs can beaccomplished through standard File Management programs on typical computeroperating systems. However, the ASHRAE 62.1VAV-2010 Compliance fileshave been set up with more efficient Hyperlink connections and "Page Tabs"from program to program, and the use of these hyperlinks is recommended.

The first step in performing Compliance Calculations is to fill out (pencil-invalues) the "Calculations Take-off Form" for each Air Handling System. See theCalculations Take-off Form "Help"file for directions and recommendations. Each

Air Handling System should have a completed Take-off Form before beginningCompliance Input and Calculations.

DESIGN OA TEMP.: -10

600ESTIMATED PORTION OF SECONDARY

RECIRC. AIR FROM COMMON RETURN

(EG. CEIL. PLENUM) (CFM) (Vcz)

400

SECONDARY RECIRC. AIRFLOW TO

ZONE, IF APPLICABLE (FAN POWERED,INDUCTION, ETC.) (CFM) (Vlz)

500 750

2000MINIMUM PRIMARY AIRFLOW TO ZONE

(MIN. VAV PRIMARY OA & RA)

(CFM) (Vpzm)750 180 1200

DESIGN PRIMARY AIRFLOW TO ZONE

(INCL. PRIMARY OA & RA) (CFM) (Vpz)1800 600 3300 6250

1AIR DISTRIB. CONFIG. NUMBER

(SEE TABLE 6-2)1 2 1

IF SPACE IS INTERMITTENT USAGE

(EG. CONFERENCE ROOM)

(SPACE HEIGHT - FT.)8 8 8

48PEAK OCCUPANCY - IF KNOWN

(EG. MEETING IN AN OFFICE)(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

20 40

NORMAL OCCUPANCY - IF KNOWN

(EG. ONE PER OFFICE)

(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

8 2 25 36

5200ZONE FLOOR AREA (SQ. FT.)

(Az)1500 500 3000

OCCUPANCY CATEGORY NUMBER

(SEE TABLE 6-1)27 28 29 29

1-4ZONE NUMBER (EG: 1-1, 1-2) 1-1 1-2 1-3

AIR HANDLING UNIT TAG NUMBER

(AHU-1, ETC.)AHU-1

PROJECT NUMBER: 141-05

DATE: 9/29/2010

CALCULATIONS TAKE-OFF FORM

PROJECT NAME: TEST PROJECT 1

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To perform Compliance Calculations using the ASHRAE 62.1-2010Compliance software programs:

1. Select the "62.1COMPLY-VAV" icon on your desktop. This will open the62.1COMPLY-VAV "INDEX" page and will provide Hyperlinks and "PageTabs" to all other programs within the Compliance Calculations package.

2. If you prefer to use a standard File Manager, select the 62.1 Comply-VAVINDEX located at C:\ASHRAE62-1vav-2010\62-1complyVAV2010.xls(depending on the specific computer setup). This program includes"Hyperlinks" and "Page Tabs" to all other programs.

3. Select Project Info" sheet by clicking on the appropriate "Page Tab" or"Hyperlink" on the INDEX page: (62.1complyvav-2010\PROJ.INFO!D2)

4. When opening some of the files, a message may appear regardingMacros. Select Enable Macros to provide full functionality of theProgram.

5. If the appearance of the Basic Project Information Sheet is not correct forthis computer, change the Zoom Percentage by click-and-drag of one rowof cells to the desired page width. See the following picture. Afterselecting the appropriate viewing width, click the drop-down arrow forZoom Percentage. Move down the options and click on Selection whichwill change the selected page width to fill the screen.

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6. Fill out the Basic Project Information Sheet for the specific Project.Typically, the Input cells for User input are white, surrounded by a bluebackground, and the cells are not protected. For guidance in filling outthe form, click on the yellow HELP cell at the upper right corner of thesheet. The HELP file can be printed if desired.

7. If a hard copy of the Basic Project Info. Sheet is desired, select Print toactivate the Print Preview and then Print the Project Information Sheet.

8. Keep the Basic Project Info Sheet open while performing calculations withthe desired programs and forms, so the basic design data will beautomatically transferred, and you won't have to re-input the information.

After all of the Project calculation programs or information forms have beencompleted, printed, and saved into the desired Project Folder (steps 9through 19, below), save the completed Basic Project Info. Sheet byselecting File Save As from the Menu Bar at the top of the screen.

9. From the "Proj. Info" page or from the INDEX page, select any calculationprogram by clicking on the appropriate Tab at the bottom of the sheet orone of the hyperlinks.

10. When opening the file, a message may appear regarding Macros. SelectEnable Macros to provide full program functionality.

11. Next a message may appear regarding Links to Other Data Sources.Select Update to provide automatic transfer of Basic Project Input to theselected calculation program.

12. If the appearance of the selected calculation program or form is not correctfor this computer, change the Zoom Percentage by click-and-drag of onerow of cells to the desired page width.

13. When using a program for the first time, click on the yellow HELP cell atthe upper right corner of the sheet. The HELP file can be printed, ifdesired.

14. After completing input and calculations, save the selected program usingFile - Save As.

15. If any Input cells contain information, many of the programs include aRESET/CLEAR button to reset the numbers to zero or blank. Click onthe RESET/CLEAR button before beginning input. See the followingpicture.

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16. Complete the input and calculations for the selected program, and for eachAir Handling System, as described in the applicable "Help" filedocumentation. Complete the "Optimization" procedures, whereappropriate, to assure "Optimized Compliance" with the ASHRAE Standard62.1-2010 requirements.

17. After completing the Optimization procedures, go to the VAV(1)REHEAT tab (fourth from the end of the tabs) and perform VAV-Reheat

calcs as described in the associated HELP file: vavrehet.doc(click onhyperlink to jump to file).

17. After completing the input, calculations, and "Optimization" on each AirHandling Unit, print out "Compliance Documents" as described in theSection entitled "Compliance Documentation".

18. Note: If a record of each Air Handling System is desired, the current fileshould be saved under the AHU Tag number, in the Project File location.

19. After printing out the Compliance Documents, and saving the file (if

desired) into the specific project location, close that file and repeat Steps 3through 18 for each Air Handling System.

The preceding information includes excerpts from ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2010: 2010 American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc. (www.ashrae.org) Used by permission.



HELPVENTILATION FOR ACCEPTABLE INDOOR AIR QUALITY

MULTIPLE ZONE SYSTEMS ( WITHOUT ZONE LEVEL RECIRCULATION)

PROJECT NUMBER:

DATE:

DESIGN OA TEMP.:AIR HANDLING UNIT TAG NUMBER

(AHU-1, ETC.)

PROJECT NAME:

0

ASHRAE STD. 62.1-2010 COMPLIANCE

PRINTRESET/CLEAR

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BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION FORM(HELP FILE)

(Return to Calculations)

The Basic Project Information Form should be the first Form to be completedfor every project. Project Information that is inserted in the Form is automaticallytransferred to other programs for use in calculations and for documenting theproject data. Also included are names of people responsible for the project, suchas the Client, Client Contact person, Project Manager, and Project Engineer.This provides a contact list for the primary people involved in the project.

It is recommended that Outdoor Design Conditions be based on ASHRAEClimatic Design Information, unless specific Office Design Policy indicatesotherwise. The ASHRAE Climatic Information is based on hourly observationrecords from the National Climatic Data Center.

After completing the Basic Project Information Form and after completing thecalculations, the file could be saved in a project specific directory, along with theother forms and calculation programs that are used in the design of the project.Many of the programs are linked with each other and share the input and dataduring calculations and print-outs.

To complete the Basic Project Information Form:

1. Insert Your Company Name in the first input cell (to replace the YourCompany Name text). This can also be a company logo, if it is

compatible with the current version of Microsoft Excel .

HELP

CLIENT CONTACT NAME:

BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION

"YOUR COMPANY NAME"

OFFICE

-10

TEST PROJECT 1

141-10

9/29/2010

PROJECT NAME :

PROJECT NUMBER :

DATE :

TYPE OF BUILDING :

DESIGN OA TEMP. (DEG. F) :

PROJECT MANAGER :

PROJECT ENGINEER :

CLIENT :

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2. Input the Project Name, Project Number, Date, and Type ofBuilding in the appropriate cells.

3. Consult the most recent edition of ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook,Climatic Design Information for the Heating Design Conditions at the

Project Location (or as close as possible to the actual location).

4. Input the Winter Design Dry Bulb (DB) Temperature (Deg. F) from theASHRAE 99.6% DB column under Heating DB for the Station nearestthe Project Location.

5. Input the Project Manager, Project Engineer, Client, and ClientContact Name as appropriate.

6. After completing all ventilation calculations that require transfer of this"Basic Project" information, the file can be saved using Save As

under the specific Project File location.

7. If a hard copy of the Basic Project Information sheet is desired, click onthe Print button at the bottom of the form.

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CALCULATIONS TAKE-OFF FORM(HELP FILE)


The Calculations Take-off Form can be printed and used for take-off of the necessaryinput information. Multiple blank copies can be printed as required for the number of airhandling systems in the project. The form can also be used on the computer screen,where the data can be filled in and can then be transferred (by copy and paste) into theappropriate locations in the programs. The following picture shows the elements of theCalculations Take-off Form, with a description of the input procedures on the followingpages.

The "Project Data" information is automatically transferred from the "Project Info" form,including "Your Company Name", "Project Name", "Project Number", and "Date".

To complete the Calculations Take-off Form, a copy of "Table 6-1", "Table 6-2","Occupancy Take-off Diagram", and "Air Distribution Diagrams" should printed forreference. Associated "Help" files for these Tables and Diagrams should also beavailable.

The Calculations Take-off Form includes all of the input data that is necessary forASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 Compliance. The form also includes two input rows forsystems that have "Secondary Recirculation" at the Zone level (such as Fan Powered

HELP


CALCULATIONS TAKE-OFF FORM



(SPACE HEIGHT - FT.)



(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)


(SEE TABLE 6-1)

PEAK OCCUPANCY - IF KNOWN

(EG. MEETING IN AN OFFICE)

(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

ZONE FLOOR AREA (SQ. FT.)

(Az)

"Your Company Name"


(AHU-1, ETC.)

PROJECT

VENTILATION FOR ACCEPTABLE INDOOR AIR QUALITY

ZONE NUMBER (EG: 1-1, 1-2)

0

PROJECT NAME:

DATE:

DESIGN OA TEMP.:

PRINTRESET/CLEAR

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VAV, Induction systems, or Dual-Fan Dual Duct systems. If the system does not haveSecondary Recirculation, the last two rows will be left blank.

To complete the Calculation Take-off Form:

1. If any input cells contain numbers from a previous calculation, click on theReset/Clear button before beginning input for the new project.

2. Input the "Air Handling Unit Tag Number (AHU-1, etc.)". A separate Take-offForm should be completed for every air handling system, including Single ZoneSystems, 100% Outdoor Air Systems, Multiple Zone Systems, and CentralStation Systems. This applies to any system that provides outdoor airventilation for people.

3. Input the appropriate "Zone Numbers", related to the Air Handling Unit. Note:Zones for ventilation requirements can be, but are not necessarily, the same as

the thermal Zones used for Load Calculations. Ventilation-related Zones canbe one occupied space or several occupied spaces with similar "OccupancyCategory" (See Table 6-1), similar "Occupant Density", similar "Zone AirDistribution Effectiveness", and similar "Zone Primary Airflow per Unit Area".

4. For each "Ventilation Zone", input the appropriate "Occupancy CategoryNumber" from Table 6-1. If the Occupancy Category for a proposed space isnot listed, the Occupancy Category that is most similar in terms of OccupantDensity, Activities, and Building Construction shall be used.

5. Input the "Zone Floor Area" for each zone, which includes the occupiablespace defined by the inside surface of its walls, but excluding shafts, columnenclosures, and other permanently enclosed, inaccessible and unoccupiableareas.

6. Input the "Normal Occupancy" of each zone, if it is known (for example, oneperson per office). This number should be the normal anticipated number ofoccupants in the zone during normal usage. It would not include, for example,a filled conference room, if the "normal occupancy" would be empty. In thatcase, input "0" for "Normal Occupancy" and input the total people under "PeakOccupancy".

7. If a space or zone has the potential of an increased number of occupants, suchas a conference room, or an extended meeting in an office, input theanticipated number in the row for "Peak Occupancy".

8. If the "Peak Occupancy" is expected to be of relatively short duration (forexample, two or three hours out of an eight hour day), also input the "SpaceHeight" so the "Average Occupancy" Over A Time Period can be calculated.Note: If the air handling system has a "Ceiling Plenum" type return system, the

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height of the ceiling space should also be included in the "Space Height". (Seethe "Typical Zone Occupancy Take-off"Table and Diagram for additionalclarification).

9. Enter the "Air Distribution Configuration Number" from Table 6-2 "Zone AirDistribution Effectiveness" and from the associated "Zone Air DistributionEffectiveness Diagrams". As noted in the description of the "Air DistributionConfiguration" Table, the selection of the "Configuration Number" should bebased on the expected "Worst-case", as applicable to the subject zone. Forexample, if a zone could have a supply air temperature "More than 15 degreesF (8 deg. C) above the room temperature, under some conditions, then"Configuration Number 3" should be selected. This has a smaller"Effectiveness Number" (0.8), which will require a larger quantity of outdoor airthan if "Config. Number 1" (Ceiling Supply of Cool Air) had been selected. This

is also true if the supply air temperature is less than 15 degrees F (8 deg. C)above room temperature (but still above room temperature) and the diffuserpattern does not assure that the supply air jet reaching to within 4.5 feet (1.4m) of the floor level is more than 150 ft. per min. (0.8 m/s) velocity. Whenmaking this determination, it should also be considered that the supply airvolume could be significantly reduced before heating is initiated (as in VAVsystems). Therefore, the diffuser performance should also be analyzed at theminimum flow conditions, before establishing the appropriate "ConfigurationNumber".

10. Input the "Design Primary Airflow to the Zone". This is the primary airflow

supplied to the zone from the air handling unit at which the outdoor air intake islocated, in CFM (L/s). It includes outdoor intake air and recirculated air fromthat air handling system, but does not include air transferred or air recirculatedto the zone by other means (such as locally recirculated airflow).

11. Input the "Minimum Primary Airflow to the Zone". With VAV systems, this isthe minimum expected primary airflow when the variable volume device is atminimum design flow rate. Note: this "Minimum Primary Airflow" number may

AIR DISTRIB. CONFIG. NUMBER

(SEE TABLE 6-2)


(INCL. PRIMARY OA & RA) (CFM) (Vpz)

MINIMUM PRIMARY AIRFLOW TO ZONE


(CFM) (Vpzm)


ZONE, IF APPLICABLE (FAN POWERED,

INDUCTION, ETC.) (CFM) (Vlz)

ESTIMATED PORTION OF SECONDARY



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be increased during "Outdoor Air Optimization". See the discussion on"Optimizing Outdoor Air Requirements"for detailed information.

12. If the air handling system includes secondary recirculation at the zone level,such as with fan powered VAV terminals, it is necessary to perform additional

calculations to determine the outdoor air requirements. The quantity (CFM orL/s) of "Secondary Recirculation Airflow to Zone" should be determined by theairflow volume of the secondary system fan or blower. See the "VentilationSystem Schematic"for a diagram describing the Secondary Recirculation"system. This provision is for systems that provide part of their ventilation byrecirculating air from other zones without directly mixing it with outdoor air (eg.Dual-fan dual-duct, fan powered mixing box, fan powered VAV box, andtransfer fans for conference rooms).

13. Input the "Estimated Portion of Secondary Recirculation Air From the CommonReturn". This number will be a portion of the previously input quantity of

"Secondary Recirculation Airflow to Zone". This number should be based onengineering judgement and depends on whether the air handling return systemis ducted or is a "Ceiling Plenum" type of return system. There also could be asituation where all of the "Secondary Recirculation" air is from within thesubject zone. In that case, the "Estimated Portion of Secondary Recirc. AirFrom Common Return" could be zero. If that is the case, there will be no credittaken for "Outdoor Air Fraction" from other zones to the subject zone.

14. After completing the form, these values can be transferred (by "copy andpaste") to the appropriate calculation program, if the form input was on thescreen, or can be input into the calculation programs individually.

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SINGLE ZONE SYSTEM(HELP FILE)


When one air handler supplies a mixture of outdoor air and recirculated air toonly one zone, this program should be used to determine the "Required Outdoor

Air Intake Quantity". (See copy of Input Form, below).

If a "Calculations Take-off Form" has been completed for this system, thenecessary values can be taken from the form. If the "Calc. Take-off Form" wasnot used, the values can be established while performing the input andcalculations. See the descriptions for filling out the "Calculations Take-off Form"for help with specific input requirements.

"YOUR COMPANY NAME"

HELP


CORRECTED OCCUPANCY FOR INTERMITTENT

USAGE SPACES

(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

20



(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

24




9

PROJECT NAME:

PROJECT NUMBER:

DATE:

TEST PROJECT 1

141-10

9/29/2010


(AHU-1, ETC.)


(SEE TABLE 6-1)

ZONE FLOOR AREA (SQ. FT.) (Az)



(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

AREA OUTDOOR AIR RATE

(CFM/SQ. FT.) (Ra)

18

14

10.0

0.12

OCCUPANCY CATEGORY Media center

AHU-1

1000


SINGLE ZONE SYSTEMS

SINGLE ZONE SYSTEMS

PEOPLE OUTDOOR AIR RATE

(CFM/PERSON) (Rp)

PRINT

RESET/CLEAR

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To complete the Single Zone Systems Input Form:

1. If any of the "Input Cells" (White or Green color cells) contain numbersfrom a previous calculation, click on the Reset/Clear button beforebeginning input for the new project. Note that several cells, such asProject Name, Project Number, and Date have been automaticallyfilled by information from the Basic Project Information form.

2. Input the "Air Handling Unit Tag Number", as used with the constructiondocuments. A separate Input Form should be completed for everySingle Zone air handling system. This applies to any system thatprovides outdoor air ventilation for people.

3. Input the appropriate "Occupancy Category Number" from Table 6-1. Ifthe Occupancy Category for a proposed space is not listed, theOccupancy Category that is most similar in terms of Occupant Density,

Activities, and Building Construction shall be used.

4. Input the "Zone Floor Area", which includes the occupiable spacedefined by the inside surface of its walls, but excluding shafts, columnenclosures, and other permanently enclosed, inaccessible andunoccupiable areas.

5. Input the "Normal Occupancy", if it is known (for example, one personper office). This number should be the normal anticipated number ofoccupants in the area during normal usage. It would not include, forexample, a filled conference room, if the "normal occupancy" would beempty. In that case, input "0" for "Normal Occupancy" and input thetotal people under "Peak Occupancy".

6. If a space has the potential of an increased number of occupants, suchas a conference room, or an extended meeting in an office, input theanticipated number in the row for "Peak Occupancy".

7. If the "Peak Occupancy" is expected to be of relatively short duration(for example, two or three hours out of an eight hour day), also input the"Space Height" so the "Average Occupancy" Over A Time Period can becalculated. Note: If the air handling system has a "Ceiling Plenum" typereturn system, the height of the ceiling space should also be included in

the "Space Height". (See the "Typical Zone Occupancy Take-off"Tableand Diagram for additional clarification).

8. Enter the "Air Distribution Configuration Number" from Table 6-2 "ZoneAir Distribution Effectiveness" (see partial view, below) and from theassociated "Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness Diagrams". As noted inthe description of the "Air Distribution Configuration" Table, the selectionof the "Configuration Number" should be based on the expected "Worst-

18


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case", as applicable to the subject zone. For example, if a zone couldhave a supply air temperature "More than 15 degrees F (8 deg. C)above the room temperature, under some conditions, then"Configuration Number 3" should be selected. This has a smaller"Effectiveness Number" (0.8), which will require a larger quantity of

outdoor air than if "Config. Number 1" (Ceiling Supply of Cool Air) hadbeen selected. This is also true if the supply air temperature is less than15 degrees F (8 deg. C) above room temperature (but still above roomtemperature) and the diffuser pattern does not assure that the supply airjet reaching to within 4.5 feet (1.4 m) of the floor level is more than 150ft. per min. (0.8 m/s) velocity. When making this determination, it shouldalso be considered that the supply air volume could be significantlyreduced before heating is initiated (as in VAV systems). Therefore, thediffuser performance should also be analyzed at the minimum flowconditions, before establishing the appropriate "Configuration Number".

9. After completing the input, return to the top of the sheet and press"Print". Review the "Print Preview" and, if correct, continue with "Print".

1.0

320

REQUIRED OUTDOOR AIR INTAKE FLOW -

SINGLE ZONE (CFM) (Vot) = (Voz)320

1

320

ZONE AIR DISTRIBUTION EFFECTIVENESS

(Ez)

ZONE OUTDOOR AIRFLOW

(CFM) (Voz)

BREATHING ZONE OUTDOOR AIRFLOW

(CFM) (Vbz)


(SEE TABLE 6-2)

1 Ceiling supply of cool air 1.0

2 Ceiling supply of warm air and floor return 1.0

4

Ceiling supply of warm air less than 15F (8C) above space temperature

and ceiling return, provided that the 150 fpm (0.8 m/s) supply air jetreaches to within 4.5 ft (1.4 m) of floor level.

1.0

5


and ceiling return, with the supply air jet reaching to within 4.5 ft (1.4 m) of

floor level of less than 150 fpm (0.8 m/s) velocity.

0.8

3Ceiling supply of warm air 15F (8C) or more above space temperature and

ceiling return.0.8

TABLE 6-2 Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness

Configuration

NumberAir Distribution Configuration

Effectiveness

Ez

19


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100% OUTDOOR AIR SYSTEM(HELP FILE)


When one air handler supplies only Outdoor Air to one or more zones, thisprogram should be used to determine the Required Outdoor Air Intake Quantity.

If a "Calculations Take-off Form" has been completed for this system, thenecessary values can be taken from the form. If the "Calc. Take-off Form" wasnot used, the values can be established while performing the input andcalculations. See the descriptions for filling out the "Calculations Take-off Form"for help with specific input requirements.

To complete the Basic Project Information Form:

HELP


0 0

PROJECT TEST PROJECT 1

PROJECT 141-05AIR HANDLING UNIT TAG NUMBER

(AHU-1, ETC.)AHU-2 DATE: 9/29/2010

"YOUR COMPANY NAME"

1

0

2-1

5 6 7 8

5.0

27

3000

Office

space

94

40

23

9

2 3

2-3

5.0

29

Telepho

ne/data

entry

2-2

5.0

28

Receptio

n areas

1500

45

400

8

5000

0

RECORD NUMBER > > > >



(SEE TABLE 6-1)

OCCUPANCY CATEGORY


(CFM/PERSON) (Rp)



(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)


(Az)



(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)




CORRECTED OCCUPANCY FOR

INTERMITTENT USAGE SPACES

(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

Wood/m

etal shop0

10.0

0 0

0.0

0

4

12

0.0

0

0.00

0 0

0.0 0.0

500


(CFM/SQ. FT.) (Ra)0.06 0.06 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00

100% OUTDOOR AIR SYSTEMS


PRINTRESET/CLEAR

20


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To complete the 100% Outdoor Air Systems Input Form:

1. If any of the "Input Cells" (White or Green color cells) contain numbersfrom a previous calculation, click on the Reset/Clear button beforebeginning input for the new project. Note that several cells, such asProject Name, Project Number, and Date have been automaticallyfilled by information from the Basic Project Information form.

2. Input the "Air Handling Unit Tag Number", as used with the constructiondocuments. A separate Input Form should be completed for every 100%Outdoor Air air handling system. This applies to any system thatprovides outdoor air ventilation for people.

3. Input the appropriate "Zone Numbers", related to the Air Handling Unit.Note: Zones for ventilation requirements can be, but are not necessarily,the same as the thermal Zones used for Load Calculations. Ventilation-related Zones can be one occupied space or several occupied spaceswith similar "Occupancy Category" (See Table 6-1), similar "OccupantDensity", similar "Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness", and similar "ZonePrimary Airflow per Unit Area".

4. Input the appropriate "Occupancy Category Number" from Table 6-1. Ifthe Occupancy Category for a proposed space is not listed, theOccupancy Category that is most similar in terms of Occupant Density,

Activities, and Building Construction shall be used.

5. Input the "Zone Floor Area" for each zone, which includes theoccupiable space defined by the inside surface of its walls, but excludingshafts, column enclosures, and other permanently enclosed,inaccessible and unoccupiable areas.

6. Input the "Normal Occupancy" of each zone, if it is known (for example,one person per office). This number should be the normal anticipatednumber of occupants in the zone during normal usage. It would notinclude, for example, a filled conference room, if the "normal occupancy"would be empty. In that case, input "0" for "Normal Occupancy" andinput the total people under "Peak Occupancy".

7. If a space or zone has the potential of an increased number of

occupants, such as a conference room, or an extended meeting in anoffice, input the anticipated number in the row for "Peak Occupancy".

8. If the "Peak Occupancy" is expected to be of relatively short duration(for example, two or three hours out of an eight hour day), also input the"Space Height" so the "Average Occupancy" Over A Time Period can becalculated. Note: If the air handling system has a "Ceiling Plenum" typereturn system, the height of the ceiling space should also be included in

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the "Space Height". (See the "Typical Zone Occupancy Take-off"Tableand Diagram for additional clarification).

9. Enter the "Air Distribution Configuration Number" for each zone, fromTable 6-2 (see partial view: 2010 ASHRAE, Inc. (www.ashrae.org),Used by permission) and from the associated "Zone Air DistributionEffectiveness Diagrams". As noted in the description of the Table 6-2,the selection of the "Configuration Number" should be based on theexpected "Worst-case", as applicable to the subject zone. For example,if a zone could have a supply air temperature "More than 15 degrees F(8 deg. C) above the room temperature, under some conditions, then"Configuration Number 3" should be selected. This has a smaller"Effectiveness Number" (0.8), which will require a larger quantity ofoutdoor air than if "Config. Number 1" (Ceiling Supply of Cool Air) hadbeen selected. This is also true if the supply air temperature is less than15 degrees F (8 deg. C) above room temperature (but still above roomtemperature) and the diffuser pattern does not assure that the supply air

22


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jet reaching to within 4.5 feet (1.4 m) of the floor level is more than 150ft. per min. (0.8 m/s) velocity. When making this determination, it shouldalso be considered that the supply air volume could be significantlyreduced before heating is initiated (as in VAV systems). Therefore, thediffuser performance should also be analyzed at the minimum flow

conditions, before establishing the appropriate "Configuration Number".

10. After completing the input, scroll to the top of the sheet and click the "Print"button (above the "Project Name"). In the "Print Preview", scroll down asrequired to verify how many pages are needed to include all of theassociated zones. Click on "Print" button at the top of the "Print Preview"page. Under "Print Range" on the "Print" dialog box, select "Pages" andlist the "From" and "To" as appropriate. Click "OK".



4


and ceiling return, provided that the 150 fpm (0.8 m/s) supply air jet

reaches to within 4.5 ft (1.4 m) of floor level.

1.0

5




0.8

3Ceiling supply of warm air 15F (8C) or more above space temperature and

ceiling return.0.8


Configuration


Effectiveness

Ez

0 0

0.0

0

0

0.0 0.0

0

1800 190 0

6

190


(SEE TABLE 6-2)

ZONE AIR DISTRIBUTION EFFECTIVENESS(Ez)

4

ZONE OUTDOOR AIRFLOW (CFM) (Voz)

1.01.0 0.8 1.0

210 813 1800 0 0

0.0

REQUIRED OUTDOOR AIR INTAKE FLOW =

SUM OF ALL ZONES (CFM) (Vot)

1 5

3013

650

PEOPLE OUTDOOR AIR (CFM)

(Rp x Pz)

AREA OUTDOOR AIR (CFM)

(Ra x Az)

120

90


(CFM) (Vbz)210

470 1500 100 0 0 0 0

180 300 90 0 0 0 0

23


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MULTIPLE ZONE SYSTEM WITHOUT LOCAL RECIRCULATION(HELP FILE)


When one air handler supplies a mixture of outdoor air and recirculated return air tomore than one zone, and the system does not include recirculating air at the zone level(eg. Reheat, Single-duct VAV, Single-Fan Dual-Duct, or Multizone), this program shouldbe used to determine the Required Outdoor Air Intake Quantity.

If a "Calculations Take-off Form" has been completed for this system, the necessaryvalues can be taken from the form. If the "Calc. Take-off Form" was not used, thevalues can be established while performing the input and calculations. See thedescriptions for filling out the "Calculations Take-off Form" for help with specific inputrequirements.

HELP





(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

7 14 0 0 0 0 0

8 8



(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)


(EG. CONFERENCE ROOM) (SPACE

HEIGHT - FT.)

9 15


(AHU-1, ETC.)

ZONE NUMBER (EG: 1-1, 1-2) 3-1 3-2 3-3

"YOUR COMPANY NAME"

AHU-3

VENTILATION FOR ACCEPTABLE INDOOR AIR QUALITYMULTIPLE ZONE SYSTEMS ( WITHOUT ZONE LEVEL RECIRCULATION)


DATE: 9/29/2010

DESIGN OA TEMP.: -10

RECORD NUMBER > > > > 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

OCCUPANCY CATEGORY NUMBER(SEE TABLE 6-1) 27 28 29

OCCUPANCY CATEGORYOffice

space

Receptio

n areas

Telepho

ne/data

entry

0 0 0 0


(CFM/PERSON) (Rp)5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


(CFM/SQ. FT.) (Ra)0.06 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


(Az)300 500 2000

NORMAL OCCUPANCY - IF KNOWN(EG. ONE PER OFFICE)

(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

5 12

PRINTRESET/CLEAR

24


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To complete the Multiple Zone Systems (Without Zone Level Recirculation)" InputForm:

1. If any of the "Input Cells" (White or Green color cells) contain numbers from aprevious calculation, click on the Reset/Clear button before beginning inputfor the new project. Note that several cells, such as Project Name, ProjectNumber, Date, and "Design OA Temp" have been automatically filled byinformation from the Basic Project Information form.

2. Input the "Air Handling Unit Tag Number", as used with the constructiondocuments. A separate Input Form should be completed for every MultipleZone Without Zone Level Recirculation air handling system. This applies toany system that provides outdoor air ventilation for people.



4. Input the appropriate "Occupancy Category Number" from Table 6-1. If theOccupancy Category for a proposed space is not listed, the OccupancyCategory that is most similar in terms of Occupant Density, Activities, andBuilding Construction shall be used.

5. Input the "Zone Floor Area" for each zone, which includes the occupiable

space defined by the inside surface of its walls, but excluding shafts, columnenclosures, and other permanently enclosed, inaccessible and unoccupiableareas.




25


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9. Enter the "Air Distribution Configuration Number" for each zone, from Table 6-2"Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness" (see partial view, below) and from theassociated "Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness Diagrams". As noted in thedescription of the "Air Distribution Configuration" Table, the selection of the"Configuration Number" should be based on the expected "Worst-case", asapplicable to the subject zone. For example, if a zone could have a supply airtemperature "More than 15 degrees F (8 deg. C) above the room temperature,under some conditions, then "Configuration Number 3" should be selected.This has a smaller "Effectiveness Number" (0.8), which will require a largerquantity of outdoor air than if "Config. Number 1" (Ceiling Supply of Cool Air)had been selected. This is also true if the supply air temperature is less than15 degrees F (8 deg. C) above room temperature (but still above roomtemperature) and the diffuser pattern does not assure that the supply air jet

26


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reaching to within 4.5 feet (1.4 m) of the floor level is more than 150 ft. per min.(0.8 m/s) velocity. When making this determination, it should also beconsidered that the supply air volume could be significantly reduced beforeheating is initiated (as in VAV systems). Therefore, the diffuser performanceshould also be analyzed at the minimum flow conditions, before establishing

the appropriate "Configuration Number".

10. Input the "Design Primary Airflow to the Zone". This is the primary airflowsupplied to the zone from the air handling unit at which the outdoor air intake islocated, in CFM (L/s). It includes outdoor intake air and recirculated air fromthat air handling system, but does not include air transferred or air recirculatedto the zone by other means (such as locally recirculated airflow).



4




1.0

5




0.8

3 Ceiling supply of warm air 15F (8C) or more above space temperature andceiling return.

0.8


Configuration


Effectiveness

Ez

0 0AREA OUTDOOR AIR (CFM)

(Ra x Az)18 30 120 24 0 0


(Rp x Pz)35 70 600 30 0 0 0 0

ZONE AIR DISTRIBUTIONEFFECTIVENESS (Ez) 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


(SEE TABLE 6-2)1 2 3 1


(CFM) (Vbz)53 100 720 54 0 0 0 0

0.0

27


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11. Input the "Minimum Primary Airflow to the Zone". With VAV systems, this isthe minimum expected primary airflow when the variable volume device is atminimum design flow rate. Note: this "Minimum Primary Airflow" number maybe increased during "Outdoor Air Optimization".

12. After all zone data has been input for each, scroll down to "Minimum VAVAirflow to Zone (Incl. Primary OA & RA)".

13. The zone cells in the row for "Minimum VAV Airflow to Zone" will have one offour possible colors: "Red" = farthest from optimum air quantity, "Orange" =next farthest from optimum air quantity, "Yellow" = close to optimum, orpossibly optimum air quantity for that zone, or "White" = optimum, or possiblyabove optimum quantity for that zone.

14. Below the "Minimum VAV Airflow To Zone" is "Zone Primary Outdoor AirFraction (Zp)". These zone cells will have one zone highlighted with "Yellow"(see picture above). This is the "Key" zone, or "Ventilation-critical" zone, andindicates the starting point for Optimization.

15. See the discussion on "Optimizing Outdoor Air Requirements"for detailedinformation and instructions on how to Optimize the Required Outdoor AirQuantities.

16. After completing the "Optimization", scroll to the top of the sheet and click the"Print" button (above the "Air Handling Unit Tag Number"). In the "PrintPreview", scroll down as required to verify how many pages are needed toinclude all of the associated zones. Click on "Print" button at the top of the"Print Preview" page. Under "Print Range" on the "Print" dialog box, select"Pages" and list the "From" and "To" as appropriate. Click "OK".

0 0

NORMAL ZONE OCCUPANCY

(EITHER KNOWN OR DEFAULT)

(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)5 12 120 6 0 0

ZONE OUTDOOR AIRFLOW

(CFM) (Voz)53 100 900 54



ZONE PRIMARY OUTDOOR AIR

FRACTION (Zp)

400 700 4000

MINIMUM VAV AIRFLOW TO ZONE (INCL.

PRIMARY OA & RA) (CFM) (Vdz)121 475 2800

0.44

600

132

0.21 0.32 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

28


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MULTIPLE ZONE SYSTEM WITH LOCAL RECIRCULATION(HELP FILE)


When one air handler supplies a mixture of outdoor air and recirculated return air tomore than one zone, and the system includes recirculating air at the zone level (eg.Dual-Fan Dual-Duct, Fan-powered Mixing Box, and Transfer Fans for ConferenceRooms), this program should be used to determine the Required Outdoor Air IntakeQuantity.

If a "Calculations Take-off Form" has been completed for this system, the necessaryvalues can be taken from the form. If the "Calc. Take-off Form" was not used, thevalues can be established while performing the input and calculations. See thedescriptions for filling out the "Calculations Take-off Form" for help with specific inputrequirements.

HELP



(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

14 0 68 0 0 0 0




8 8



(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

20 75 120



(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)

10 0 50


(Az)500 1500 1800


(CFM/SQ. FT.) (Ra)0.06 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


(CFM/PERSON) (Rp)5.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

OCCUPANCYReceptio

n areas

Telepho

ne/data

entry

Telepho

ne/data

entry

0 0 0 0


(SEE TABLE 6-1)28 29 29

ASHRAE STD. 62.1-2010

RECORD NUMBER > > > > 1 2 3 4 5 6 7


MULTIPLE ZONE SYSTEMS ( WITH ZONE LEVEL RECIRCULATION)



9/29/2010

-10AIR HANDLING UNIT TAG NUMBER

(AHU-1, ETC.)

ZONE NUMBER (EG: 1-1, 1-2) 4-1 4-2 4-3

DESIGN OA TEMP.:AHU-4DATE:

"YOUR COMPANY

PRINTRESET/CLEAR

29


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To complete the Multiple Zone Systems (With Zone Level Recirculation)" Input Form:

1. If any of the "Input Cells" (White or Green color cells) contain numbers from aprevious calculation, click on the Reset/Clear button before beginning input

for the new project. Note that several cells, such as Project Name, ProjectNumber, Date, and "Design OA Temp" have been automatically filled byinformation from the Basic Project Information form.

2. Input the "Air Handling Unit Tag Number", as used with the constructiondocuments. A separate Input Form should be completed for every MultipleZone With Zone Level Recirculation air handling system. This applies to anysystem that provides outdoor air ventilation for people.



4. Input the appropriate "Occupancy Category Number" from Table 6-1. If theOccupancy Category for a proposed space is not listed, the OccupancyCategory that is most similar in terms of Occupant Density, Activities, andBuilding Construction shall be used.

5. Input the "Zone Floor Area" for each zone, which includes the occupiable

space defined by the inside surface of its walls, but excluding shafts, columnenclosures, and other permanently enclosed, inaccessible and unoccupiableareas.




30


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9. Enter the "Air Distribution Configuration Number" for each zone, from Table 6-2"Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness" (see partial view, below) and from theassociated "Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness Diagrams". As noted in thedescription of the "Air Distribution Configuration" Table, the selection of the"Configuration Number" should be based on the expected "Worst-case", asapplicable to the subject zone. For example, if a zone could have a supply airtemperature "More than 15 degrees F (8 deg. C) above the room temperature,under some conditions, then "Configuration Number 3" should be selected.This has a smaller "Effectiveness Number" (0.8), which will require a largerquantity of outdoor air than if "Config. Number 1" (Ceiling Supply of Cool Air)had been selected. This is also true if the supply air temperature is less than15 degrees F (8 deg. C) above room temperature (but still above roomtemperature) and the diffuser pattern does not assure that the supply air jet

31


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reaching to within 4.5 feet (1.4 m) of the floor level is more than 150 ft. per min.(0.8 m/s) velocity. When making this determination, it should also beconsidered that the supply air volume could be significantly reduced beforeheating is initiated (as in VAV systems). Therefore, the diffuser performanceshould also be analyzed at the minimum flow conditions, before establishing

the appropriate "Configuration Number".

10. Input the "Design Primary Airflow to the Zone". This is the primary airflowsupplied to the zone from the air handling unit at which the outdoor air intake islocated, in CFM (L/s). It includes outdoor intake air and recirculated air fromthat air handling system, but does not include air transferred or air recirculatedto the zone by other means (such as locally recirculated airflow).



4




1.0

5




0.8

3 Ceiling supply of warm air 15F (8C) or more above space temperature andceiling return.

0.8


Configuration


Effectiveness

Ez

0 0AREA OUTDOOR AIR (CFM)

(Ra x Az)18 30 120 24 0 0


(Rp x Pz)35 70 600 30 0 0 0 0

ZONE AIR DISTRIBUTIONEFFECTIVENESS (Ez) 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


(SEE TABLE 6-2)1 2 3 1


(CFM) (Vbz)53 100 720 54 0 0 0 0

0.0

32


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11. Input the "Minimum Primary Airflow to the Zone". With VAV systems, this isthe minimum expected primary airflow when the variable volume device is atminimum design flow rate. Note: this "Minimum Primary Airflow" number maybe increased during "Outdoor Air Optimization".

12. If the air handling system includes secondary recirculation at the zone level,such as with fan powered VAV terminals, it is necessary to perform additionalcalculations to determine the outdoor air requirements. The quantity (CFM orL/s) of "Secondary Recirculation Airflow to Zone" should be determined by theairflow volume of the secondary system fan or blower. See the "VentilationSystem Schematic"for a diagram describing the Secondary Recirculation"system. This provision is for systems that provide part of their ventilation byrecirculating air from other zones without directly mixing it with outdoor air (eg.Dual-fan dual-duct, fan powered mixing box, fan powered VAV box, andtransfer fans for conference rooms).

13. Input the "Estimated Portion of Secondary Recirculation Air From the CommonReturn". This number will be a portion of the previously input quantity of"Secondary Recirculation Airflow to Zone". This number should be based onengineering judgement and depends on whether the air handling return systemis ducted or is a "Ceiling Plenum" type of return system. There also could be asituation where all of the "Secondary Recirculation" air is from within thesubject zone. In that case, the "Estimated Portion of Secondary Recirc. AirFrom Common Return" could be zero. If that is the case, there will be no credittaken for "Outdoor Air Fraction" from other zones to the subject zone.

14. After all zone data has been input for each zone, scroll up to "Minimum PrimaryAirflow to Zone (Min. VAV Primary OA & RA)".




350 900


ZONE (FAN POWERED, INDUCTION,

ETC.) (CFM) (Vlz)

400 1000

FRACTION OF LOCALLY RECIRC. AIR

FROM COMMON RETURN RATHER THAN

RECIRC. FROM ZONE (Er) = (Vcz/Vlz)

0.88 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

ZONE PRIMARY OUTDOOR AIR

FRACTION (Zp) 0.30 0.29 0.28



(CFM) (Vpzm)

484 1848 2000


(INCL. PRIMARY OA & RA) (CFM) (Vpz)750 2500 3200

0.00 0.00

33


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15. The zone cells in the row for "Minimum Primary Airflow to Zone" will have oneof four possible colors: "Red" = farthest from optimum air quantity, "Orange" =next farthest from optimum air quantity, "Yellow" = close to optimum, orpossibly optimum air quantity for that zone, or "White" = optimum, or possiblyabove optimum quantity for that zone.

16. Below the "Minimum Primary Airflow To Zone" is "Zone Primary Outdoor AirFraction (Zp)". These zone cells will have one zone highlighted with "Yellow"(see picture above). This is the "Key" zone, or "Ventilation-critical" zone, andindicates the starting point for Optimization.

17. See the discussion on "Optimizing Outdoor Air Requirements"for detailedinformation and instructions on how to Optimize the Required Outdoor AirQuantities.

18. After completing the "Optimization", scroll to the top of the sheet and click the

"Print" button (above the "Air Handling Unit Tag Number"). In the "PrintPreview", scroll down as required to verify how many pages are needed toinclude all of the associated zones. Click on "Print" button at the top of the"Print Preview" page. Under "Print Range" on the "Print" dialog box, select"Pages" and list the "From" and "To" as appropriate. Click "OK".

34


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CALCULATION AND DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS

Assumptions

For the purpose of determining the Minimum Outdoor Air Quantity requirements,based on ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010, the following Assumptions have beenmade:

1. Outdoor Air Quality is acceptable as defined by Standards such as USEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) "National Ambient Air QualityStandards" or the outdoor air is treated by air cleaning devices to meet theseacceptable air quality standards.

2. Additional outdoor air requirements for laboratory, industrial, and other similarspaces may be dictated by workplace or other standards, as well as by theprocesses occurring within the spaces, and this requirement may supercedethe ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 requirements.

3. Thermal comfort requirements are not considered in calculating the ventilationair quantities.

4. Outdoor air ventilation rates apply only to no-smoking spaces.5. Mechanical ventilation systems shall be designed to maintain the minimum

outdoor airflow under any load condition.6. Outdoor air intakes shall be located to assure that no contaminants will be

introduced into the system.7. Occupied space relative humidity shall be controlled to acceptable levels by

mechanical air conditioning equipment, at all outside air conditions.8. For a building, the design minimum outdoor air intake airflow shall be greater

than the design maximum exhaust airflow, to maintain overall positive

pressurization of the building.9. Air handling equipment shall be sized with adequate capacity to deliver the

designated primary air and outdoor air quantities under all operatingconditions.

10. Air Balancing testing and adjustments shall be performed to assure theoutdoor air ventilation requirements are being met.

11. Recirculation or transfer of air from one space to another shall be designedsuch that air classified as Class 2 Air, Class 3 Air, or Class 4 Air shall not berecirculated or transferred to Class 1 spaces. Air classified as Class 3 Air orClass 4 Air shall not be recirculated or transferred to Class 2 spaces.

12. If the Occupancy Category for a proposed space or zone is not listed in Table

6-1, "Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone", the requirements for thelisted occupancy category that is most similar in terms of occupant density,activities, and building construction shall be used.

13. When using Table 6-1, "Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone", theaccompanying Footnotes to the Table are also used.

14. If it is known that the peak occupancy of a zone will be of short duration, thedesign may be based on the average conditions over a calculated timeperiod.

35


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15. Occupant diversity may be used to account for variations in occupancy withinthe zones served by the referenced air handling system.

16. The system may be designed to reset the design outdoor air intake flow (Vot)and/or space or zone airflow as operating conditions change. Theseconditions include but are not limited to:

a Variations in occupancy or ventilation airflow in one or more individualzones for which ventilation airflow requirements will be reset. Note:Examples of measures for estimating such variations include: occupancyscheduled by time-of-day, a direct count of occupants, or an estimate ofoccupancy or ventilation rate per person using occupancy sensors suchas those based on indoor CO2 concentrations.b Variations in the efficiency with which outdoor air is distributed to theoccupants under different ventilation system airflows and temperatures.c A higher fraction of outdoor air in the air supply due to intake ofadditional outdoor air for free cooling or exhaust air makeup.

17 Exhaust Airflow shall be provided in accordance with the requirements in

Table 6-4, "Minimum Exhaust Rates". Exhaust makeup air may be anycombination of outdoor air, recirculated air, and transfer air.18 Construction and System Start-up shall comply with the applicable

requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010.19 The ventilation system shall be operated and maintained, at a minimum, in

accordance with the applicable provisions of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010.20 The designer may increase the zone supply flows during the design process,

particularly to the critical zones requiring the highest fraction of outdoor air,and thereby reduce the system outdoor air intake requirement determined inthe calculations, sometimes dramatically. (Note: This is part of the basis forthe "Outdoor Air Optimization" Procedures.)

The preceding information includes excerpts from ANSI/ASHRAE 62.1-2010: 2010 American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers,Inc. (www.ashrae.org) Used by permission.


ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAMS ORACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

THEORY OF LIABILITY.

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DETERMINING OCCUPANCY (ZONE POPULATION)(HELP FILE)


A primary element in establishing the Required Outdoor Air Quantity is the number ofpeople in the areas served by the system. ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 includes anestimated "Default" value based on the zone floor area and the Occupant Density forthe Occupancy Category. See Table 6-1, Minimum Ventilation Rates in Breathing Zone(partial copy below: 2010 American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org) Used by permission.).

If the number of people expected to occupy the zone during typical usage cannot beaccurately predicted, the program uses these default values to calculate the requiredoutdoor air quantities.

If the number of people can be determined, for example by counting the number ofchairs or desks in a zone, the actual number should be used in the calculations.

The Program includes three input cells for occupancy in each zone. If the occupancycannot be predicted, the three cells should be left blank and the default values will beused, as noted above.

If the occupancy can be determined, there are essentially two input values that need tobe considered: "Normal" Occupancy, and "Peak" Occupancy.

If the occupancy is expected to remain essentially constant, such as in single-personoffices, the count of chairs or desks, etc., would be input into the "Normal" Occupancycell.

HELP

1 Cell 5 2.5 0.12 0.6 25 10 4.9 2

2 Day room 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 30 7 3.5 1

3 Guard stations 5 2.5 0.06 0.3 15 9 4.5 1

4 Booking/waiting 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 50 9 4.4 2

5 Daycare (through age 4) 10 5 0.18 0.9 25 17 8.6 2

6 Classrooms (ages 5- 10 5 0.12 0.6 25 15 7.4 1

7 Classrooms (age 9 10 5 0.12 0.6 35 13 6.7 1

8 Lecture classroom 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 65 8 4.3 1

9 Lecture hall (fixed 7.5 3.8 0.06 0.3 150 8 4.0 110 Art classroom 10 5 0.18 0.9 20 19 9.5 2

11 University/Sci. 10 5 0.18 0.9 25 17 8.6 ---

12 Wood/metal shop 10 5 0.18 0.9 20 19 9.5 2

13 Computer lab 10 5 0.12 0.6 25 15 7.4 1

14 Media center 10 5 0.12 0.6 A 25 15 7.4 1

Correctional

Educational

(This table is not valid in isolation; it must be used in conjunction with the accompanying

Notes

Default Values

ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 62.1-2010

TABLE 6-1 MINIMUM VENTILATION RATES IN BREATHING ZONE

Occ.

Category

Number

Occupancy

People Outdoor Air Rate

Rp

Area Outdoor Air Rate

Ra

L/sperson

Occupant

Density

(see Note 4)

Combined Outdoor Air Rate

(see Note 5)

#/1000 ft2or

#/100m2cfm/person L/spersoncfm/person

Air

Class

cfm/sq. ft. L/sm2

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If the occupancy is expected to increase at times, such as for extended meetings in anoffice, in conference rooms, or other areas within the zone, the anticipated "Peak"Occupancy for the zone should be input in the appropriate cell.

Note: If there is a value for "Normal" Occupancy and also for "Peak" Occupancy, and if

the "Peak" Occupancy is expected to be of "Short Duration", such as in conferencerooms or meetings in an office, ASHRAE 62.1-2010 allows for averaging the peopleover a period of time. The "Averaging Time Period" is dependent on the volume of thespace and the required "Breathing Zone Outdoor Airflow". Therefore, if there is a listed"Normal" Occupancy and a "Peak" Occupancy, the "Height of the Space" is alsoneeded. (This includes the height of the room plus the height of the ceiling space if thesystem includes a ceiling plenum return, otherwise the height to the ceiling is input.)The program then uses the zone floor area and the height to calculate the "Average"Occupancy.

See the "Typical Zone Occupancy Takeoff" diagram and table for an example of the

above discussion. (Partial copy, below)

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Engineering judgement is needed to establish the anticipated number of people asaccurately as possible.

An additional part of the calculations includes comparison of "System Population"versus the "Sum of the Zone Populations". This comparison helps to account for

instances such as people leaving one or more zones and moving to another zone, forexample, people attending a meeting in a conference room. The "System" still seesessentially the same number of people, even though the individual zones may beexperiencing temporary "Peak" Occupancies. This comparison establishes "OccupantDiversity" which is factored into the system "Required Outdoor Air Intake Quantity",within the program calculations.

IN NO EVENT WILL ASHRAE (or American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THEUSE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAMS OR ACCOMPANYING

DOCUMENTATION, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY.

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AIR DISTRIBUTION CONFIGURATION(ZONE AIR DISTRIBUTION EFFECTIVENESS)

(HELP FILE)(Return to Calculations)

The configuration of air distribution devices (diffusers, registers, and grilles) hasan impact on the "effectiveness" of delivering outdoor air to the "Breathing Zone".Table 6-2, "Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness", lists the approximately elevendifferent configurations of supply, return, and/or exhaust. The table also includesa factor to be used to increase or decrease the required outdoor air quantity,based on the distribution effectiveness. (See following partial copy of Table 6-2) 2010 ASHRAE, Inc. (www.ashrae.org), Used by permission.

Generally, if the thermal properties of the supply air are such that the air does nothave a chance to adequately mix in the "Breathing Zone", the associated factor issmaller. This results in the requirement for a larger outdoor air quantity at the airhandling unit, since the required OA quantity for the subject zone is divided bythis "effectiveness factor".

These calculations are included in the compliance program. All that is required isto input the appropriate "Configuration Number" from Table 6-2.

Important Note: To find the correct "Required Outdoor Air Quantity", it isnecessary to select the "Worst-case" Air Distribution Configuration, as applicableto the subject zone or system. For example, if the supply air systemconfiguration consists of ceiling supply diffusers and ceiling return registers, thedesigner should determine whether a zone could have a warm supply airtemperature, more than 15 degrees F (8 deg. C) above the room temperature.This is often the case for perimeter zones in colder climates. If the zone doeshave this potential condition, then "Configuration Number 3" should be selected


2 Ceiling supply of warm air and floor 1.0

Ceiling supply of warm air less than 15F (8C) above space

and ceiling return, provided that the 150 fpm (0.8 m/s) supply air


1.0

5

Ceiling supply of warm air less than 15F (8C) above space

and ceiling return, with the supply air jet reaching to within 4.5 ft (1.4 m)

floor level of less than 150 fpm (0.8 m/s)

ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 62.1-2010

3Ceiling supply of warm air 15F (8C) or more above space temperature

ceiling return.0.8

TABLE 6-2 Zone Air Distribution

Configuration

Number Air DistributionEffectiveness

Ez

4

0.8

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and input into the program. This will result in a larger Outdoor Air Requirement(because the required OA is divided by 0.8, rather than 1.0), than would havebeen calculated if "Configuration Number 1" was chosen. This is also true ofother Configurations, such as Configurations 5, 9, 10, and 11.

Selection of the "Worst-case" configuration is the correct procedure, and is theintent of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010.

See the "Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness" diagrams for additional clarificationon this subject. (Partial copy follows)

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INPUT FORMS, TABLES, AND DIAGRAMS

Input Forms, Tables, and Diagrams

Before beginning input and calculations, it is recommended that the followingInput Forms, Tables, and Diagrams be printed out, to assist with data assembly:

1. Calculations Take-off Form(Multiple copies for air handling systems withmore than 12 zones)

2. Table 6-1, Minimum Ventilation Rates In Breathing Zone3. Typical Zone Occupancy Takeofftable and diagram4. Table 6-2, Zone Air Distribution Effectiveness5. Zone Air Distribution Effectivenessdiagrams6. Ventilation System Schematic7. Copy of "Calculation and Design Assumptions

Print the previous eleven (11) pages for each Project, as required.

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DESIGN OA TEMP.:





ZONE, IF APPLICABLE (FAN POWERED,

INDUCTION, ETC.) (CFM) (Vlz)


(MIN. VAV PRIMARY OA & RA) (CFM)

(Vpzm)




(SEE TABLE 6-2)


(EG. CONFERENCE ROOM) (SPACE

HEIGHT - FT.)



(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)



(NUMBER OF PEOPLE)


(Az)


(SEE TABLE 6-1)



(AHU-1, ETC.)

PROJECT NUMBER:

DATE:

CALCULATIONS TAKE-OFF FORMPROJECT NAME: