compliance with osha health standards: overview art wickman, cih georgia tech’s safety and health...
TRANSCRIPT
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COMPLIANCE WITH OSHA HEALTH STANDARDS:
OVERVIEW
ART WICKMAN, CIHGEORGIA TECH’S SAFETY AND HEALTH
CONSULTATION PROGRAM
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Basic Scope of IH Compliance
• Hazard Communication (Chemical)• Hearing Conservation• Air Contaminants– Permit-Required Confined Spaces
• Respiratory Protection• Personal Protective Equipment• First Aid & Bloodborne Pathogens
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HAZARD COMMUNICATION
STANDARD
Compliance with OSHA Health Standards
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“CHEMICAL” Hazard
CommunicationStandard
LABEL
MSDS
HCP
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Purpose
• To insure that the hazards of all chemical produced in or imported into the U.S. are evaluated
• Hazards transmitted toemployers employees
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Basic Program Elements
• Chemical Hazard Inventory
• MSDS’s
• Labeling
• Employee Training
• Contractor Training
• Written Program
HCP
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Global Harmonization
Final Standard: March 2012Implementation Period: December
2013 through June 2016Hazard Communication Changes– Labels, Pictograms– Safety Data Sheets– Employee Training
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Principles Of Harmonization
• Comprehensible Information (both intra- and inter-nationally)
• All hazardous materials systems will be harmonized across agencies: OSHA, Cons. Protect. Agen., EPA, DOT
• Warnings conveyed in both words and pictures
• Warnings are based on intrinsic hazards of chemicals
• Consistent classification of Severity
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Four Major Changes in GHS
1. Hazard Classification (changed from hazard determination)
2. Labels3. Safety Data Sheets (changed from
MSDS)4. Information and Training Will affect nearly 40 million workers and 5 million workplaces.
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HEARING CONSERVATION
Compliance with OSHA Health Standards
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Monitoring Requirements(Dosimetry)
• Initial Monitoring required if employer has indications of full-shift
exposure at or above 85 dBA (Action Level)• Re-monitoring
required if changes in process or layout indicate exposures could be > 85 dBA
Recommend periodic remonitoring
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Hearing Conservation Program:Basic Elements
• Provide hearing protection• Train workers on noise effects (annual)• Provide baseline and annual audiometric
testing• Retain exposure and audiometric
measurements
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Hearing Conservation Documentation
• Copy of Written Guidelines and Policies (Recommended)
• Noise Measurement Data• Annual Audiograms• Standard Threshold Shifts Documentation
and Notification Letters• OSHA 300 Hearing Loss Records• Retain original hearing test records if
changing audiometric providers.
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AIR CONTAMINANTS
Compliance with OSHA Health Standards
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IH Air Contaminant Nomenclature
• GASES: low density molecules, rapid diffusion• VAPORS: liquids with high vapor pressure• DUSTS: solid particles• FUMES: recondensation of vaporized solids• MISTS: liquid droplets, (aerosols)• SMOKE: complex combustion products• FIBERS: 3 to 1 length to width ratio
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Chemical Mixtures
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Anticipate Potential Hazards
• Plant layout and chemical flow • Observe air flow patterns • Observe job activities of a work area• Study existing control measures• Prioritize based on degree of hazard to
workers and potential to do harm
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Anticipate Potential Hazards(cont.)
Understand the processes• toxic chemicals present in raw
materials • by-products of chemical reactions• by-products of work processes– Ex: chlorinated solvents for metal cleaning
followed by welding (phosgene gas)
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OSHA PEL(Regulatory in US)
• Permissible Exposure Limit--PEL
(Or)
“Impermissible” Exposure Limit
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Categories of OSHA PEL’s
• 1. The PEL Lists (~400 chemicals)– Current PEL’s are based on 1968 ACGIH-
TLV’s
• 2. The “Substance Specific” Standard– Ex: lead, asbestos, cadmium, methylene
chloride, etc.– Relatively few substance specific chemicals
regulated
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Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) (Non-Regulatory)
• American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists - Threshold Limit Value (ACGIH –TLV)
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - Recommended Exposure Limit (NIOSH REL)
• American Industrial Hygiene Association - Workplace Environmental Exposure Limit (AIHA WEEL)
• European Union standards• Manufacturer’s Recommended Guidelines• Etc, etc
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0 200 400
Time-Weighted Average (TWA) Exposure
TIME (min)
PPM
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Example: Acetone, PEL = 1000 PPM, TWA
TWA = 200 ppm
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Initial Screening of Exposure
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Passive Samplers
Organic Vapor Sampler Inorganic Mercury Sampler
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Full Shift Breathing Zone Exposures
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Air Contaminants in Permit-Required Confined Spaces (Evaluate Acute Air Hazards)
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RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
Compliance with OSHA Health Standards
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“And so you just threw everything together?…Matthews, a posse is something you have to organize.”
Must Have a Respirator Program
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Respirator Program Elements
Selection of respirators Define use and application Medical evaluation Fit testing Training Maintenance and care Breathing air quality and use Program evaluation
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Respirator Program
• Must be a written program with worksite-specific procedures
• Evaluate and update program as necessary – Per changes in the workplace
Note: OSHA has prepared a Small Entity Compliance Guide that contains criteria for selection of a program administrator and a sample program.
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Compliance with OSHA Health Standards
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Personal Protective Equipment
PPE HAZARD ASSESSMENT SURVEY
• Job/Task Evaluated:________________________
• Date(s): _____________________• Conducted
By:_________________________________(Name and Title)
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PPE Hazard Assessment
I. Hazards to the Head
Potential Hazard Yes No Specifications for PPE*
a. Falling equipment or materials
b. Moving equipment or materials
c. Low overhead clearance
d. Electrical shock hazard
e. Welding
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PPE Hazard Assessment
II. Hazards to the Eyes and Face
Potential Hazard Yes No Specifications for PPE*
a. Particulates in air
b. Hazardous liquids in air or potentially airborne (splashed)
c. Irritant dusts in air
d. Ultra violet, Infrared, or Laser radiation
e. Compressed air/liquid
f. Electrical arcing
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Certification of Personal Protective Equipment Hazard Assessment
COMPANY NAME:___________________________________ DEPARTMENT(S) EVALUATED:________________________________ NAME/TITLE:_______________________________________ DATE:____________________________
Job Hazards PPE Required
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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Compliance with OSHA Health Standards
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Applications
• General Industry/Manufacturing– Designated First Aid responders– BBP standard does not cover “Good Samaritan”
acts in which an employee voluntarily provides first aid to a fellow employee
• Medical and Human Services Offices– Any employee whose job involves contact with
blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM)
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Universal Precautions
All human blood/OPIM are treated as if known to be infectious for bloodborne pathogens, regardless of the perceived “low risk” status of a patient or patient population
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Exposure Control Plan(Gradient of Complexity)
• General Industry/Manufacturing– Relatively simple (First Aid): written policy, PPE,
training
• Medical Providers/Human Services– Relatively complex (Medical interventions): many
program elements to manage; treatment procedures; cleaning schedules; compliance with changing guidance on Sharps; awareness and compliance with CDC infection control practices.
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Summary(OSHA Health Standards Overview)
• Hazard Communication (Chemical)• Hearing Conservation• Air Contaminants– Permit-Required Confined Spaces
• Respiratory Protection• Personal Protective Equipment• First Aid & Bloodborne Pathogens