complex training influence on body composition and somatotype
TRANSCRIPT
Influencia de un Entrenamiento Combinado Sobre
la Composición Corporal y Somatótipo En Jugadores
de Balonces de Elite
www.ucam.edu
Master’s in High Performance Sport: Strength and Conditioning
Candidate: BSc Marko Pantović
Advisor: Dr. D. Alejandro Martínez Rodríquez
Murcia, Spain November, 2016.
Handball – In general
Handball – worldwide known sport
Team sport, consisted of lot of pulling of players’ dresses, jumps, changes of directions, short sprints etc.
• 167 Federations
• 790 000 teams
Cherif M. et. al (2012)
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Back court players; pivots; wings; goalkeepers
6 outfield players and 1 goalkeeper
2 referees;
Passive play;
Maximum 12 players;
Duration: 2 x 30 minutes;
d. 10 minutes break between halftimes.
Playing Positions and The Most Important Rules
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Motor dimensions / biomotor abilities
o Throwing strength;
o Accuracy;
o Movement speed with the ball;
o Ball handling;
o Movement speed without the ball.
Pavlović S. et. al (2013)
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Objective and Hypothesys
The aim of this study was to compare pre and
post effects of complex training on body composition variables such as somatotype, fat mass, muscle mass, bone mass, residual mass, body mass index and waist to hip ratio in elite handball players in Spanish 1st. Divison.
Hypothesis of this study was that there will be some changes in body composition and somatotype in the hanbdball players after the 7 – week treatment. 5
Body composition
• Quite important in all sport activities
• Many scientific studies have been written on morphological optimization in sports…
• But…
• Nikolaidis PT et. al (2013) have shown that morphological optimization beetwen players’ positions does matter.
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Can we talk about body composition in general?
• Wings show a tendency to vary from any other position, in particular from pivots and goal keepers from back court players.
Ghobadi H et. al (2013); Srhoj. V et al. (2002)
• Body composition also differs either between player positions and sports.
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Anthropometry measures (The most common ones)
Height
Weight
Circumferences
Skinfolds
Girths
Breadths
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… in order to calculate following variables
Body Mass Index
Waist to Hip Ratio
Bone Mass
Fat Mass
Muscle Mass
Residual Mass
Somatotypes
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Advanced equipment
M a g n e t i c r e s o n a n c e
D X A
P l e t h y s m o g r a p h y
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Somatotypes
Ectomorph
Mesomorph
Endomorph
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Strength Training
Maximum (absolute) strength training or plyometric training?
• Absolute strength training requires high loads (>85%) 1 RM and firstly was employed by Russian coaches in early 1960’s.
• Plyometric training refers to those activities that make possible a muscle to reach maximum force within the shortest possible time.
Haff GG, Triplett NT (2016) 12
Complex Training
• Complex training is one of the most effective types of trainings which is emplyed in order to improve sports performance in atheletes.
Consists of heavy loads (> 85%) of 1RM and explosive movements such as different types of jumps, medicine ball throwings etc.
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Additional to CT
Complex training is based on PAP effect and there are a lot of studies written on complex training influence on sports performance.
But then…
Beside these two methods (absolute strength and plyometric - dynamic method), there is another method which is called - contrast training method (invented by Gilles Commeti). 14
Joshua Miller et al. Effects of Power-based Complex Training on Body Composition and Muscular
Strength in Collegiate Athletes. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2014)
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W
E
E
K
S
4x per week
BF% and Fat Mass
Muscle Mass
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Subjects
Experimental Group
6 participants
Control
Group
5 participants
The research
In total 11 participantes
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The groups features
Age - 25,33 ± 4,45
Heght - 180,35 ± 5,14 cm
Weight - 84,98 ± 7,32 kgs
Experimental Group (n = 6)
Control Group (n = 5)
Age - 25,20 ± 8,10
Height - 183,66 ± 6,16 cm
Weight - 81,56 ± 6,47 kgs
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7 – week training program
Squat
Split squat
Horizontall leg press
Bench press
Push ups
CMJ (Counter Movement
Jump)
Jumping lunge
Drop jump
Frontal medicine ball
launch
Floor above the head
medicine ball launch
Cooling down part took 5 minutes on bycycle ergometer at low intensity and passive stretching exercises.
Warm up parts were done on the bycycle ergometer and lasted for 10 minutes, the same refers to joint mobility exercises and ballistic streching.
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Intensity and Rest Periods
80% 1RM
2 minutes recovery between sets
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Abbreviations
WHR - Waist to Hip Ratio
FM - Fat mass
BM- Bone mass
RM - Residual mass
MM - Muscle mass
BMI - Body mass index
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Results
Variables Mean value
Weight (Kg) 85.30
Weight (Kg) Post 84.95
Waist min. (Cm) 84.67
Waist min. (Cm) Post 84.67
Hip max. (Cm) 100.08
Hip max. (Cm) Post 100.08
MM 49.33
MM Post 49.18
BM 12.83
BM Post 12.78
Variables Mean value
WHR 0.83
WHR Post 0.87
BMI 26.26
BMI Post 26.15
RM 20.57
RM Post 20.48
BF 9.90
BF Post 9.36
Descriptive statistics for measured variables – Experimental group
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Man – Whitney’s test values and its importance
Mann-Whitney U p value
Weight (Kg.) 11.000 .465
Weight (Kg.) Post 10.500 .410
Waist min. (Cm.) 13.000 .715
Waist min. (Cm.) Post 13.000 .715
Hip max. (Cm.) 10.000 .361
Hip max. (Cm.) Post 10.000 .361
MM 14.000 .855
MM Post 14.000 .855
BM 13.000 .715
BM Post 12.500 .647
WHR 13.000 .687
WHR Post 9.000 .246
BMI (Exp.) 4.000 .045
BMI Post (Exp.) 4.000 .045
RM 10.500 .410
RM Post 10.500 .410
BF 14.000 .855
BF Post 13.000 .714 22
The significance of differences before and after testing in experimental and control group
Experimental Control
p values *Weight Post - Weight (Kg) .066 .593
Waist minimum Post - Waist minimum
(Cm)
1.000 1.000
Hip maximum (Cm) Post - Hip maximum (Cm)
1.000 1.000
*MM Post - MM .066 .655
BM Post - BM .581 .109
WHR Post - WHR .102 .655
*BMI Post - BMI .066 .593
*RM Post - RM .066 .655
BF Post - BF .144 .465
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Somatotype equations
o Endomorphy = - 0.7182 + 0.1451 (X) - 0.00068 (X squared) + 0.0000014
(X cubic) Where: X = (sum of triceps, subscapular and supraspinal skinfolds) multiplied by (170.18 / height (cm)
o Mesomorphy = 0.858 x humerus breadth + 0.601 x femur breadth + 0.188
x corrected arm girth + 0.161 x corrected calf girth – height 0.131 + 4.5
o Ectomorphy = 0.463 HWR - 17.63
where: HWR presents Height – Weight ratio
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Somatotypes - values
Man – Whitney’s test values and its importance
Man-Whitney ‘s p value
Endomorphs 12.500 .647
Mesomorphs 6.000 .100
Ectomorphs 3.500 .035 (Control)
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Figure 1. Pre - intervention somatochart of the players in the control group.
Figure 2. Post - intervention somatochart of the players in the control group.
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Figure 3. Pre – intervention somatochart of the players in the experimental group.
Figure 4. Post – intervention somatochart of the players in the experimental group.
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•
Frantisek U. et. al (2010) 28
Due to which factors have we gotten these results?
Training frequency
Training duration
Training intensity
Rest periods (days)
Rest periods (sesion)
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Practical Application - Part I
Duration Joshua Miller et al. (2014)
Frequency Joshua Miller et al. (2014)
Recovery (Rest periods) Thomas M. et. al (2006)
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Practical Application – Part II
At least 3 times a week
Longer rest periods (sets)
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Thank you for your attention!
¡Gracias por sus atención!
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Questions & Comments
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